Abstract:
:Kindling, in the classical sense, involves progressively increasing responsivity to the intermittent repetition of the same 1-s subthreshold electrical stimulation over time, with the amygdala being the area most frequently studied. Such repeated subthreshold stimulation is associated with: lowering of the after-discharge (AD) threshold; lengthening and spread of the AD; marked seizure stage progression culminating in full-blown tonic-clonic forelimb convulsions with rearing and falling; and evolution from triggered to spontaneous seizures. This evolving process concomitantly involves changes in the spatio-temporal expression of immediate early genes (IEGs), neurotrophic factors, and late effector genes (LEGs), and an associated changing pattern of effectiveness of different pharmacological interventions. Since seizures are the paradigmatic behavioral manifestation of kindling, some types of pharmacological seizures, such as those induced by the local anesthetics cocaine and lidocaine, and some epileptic syndromes, are most likely homologously modeled by kindling. However, since non-epileptiform syndromes, such as recurrent episodes of affective illness and some pain syndromes possess non-homogenous elements of kindling-like evolution, some of the principles involved in kindling progression may, nonetheless, be pertinent to the understanding and treatment of these syndromes. For example, one could attempt to distinguish between the genes involved in the primary pathological processes of syndrome evolution versus those that are secondary and adaptive; such a differentiation could have important implications for the development of therapeutic approaches targeted to suppressing or enhancing these alterations, respectively. In these instances, inferences drawn from the kindling model are necessarily indirect and circumscribed because different neuroanatomical and biochemical processes are likely involved in the evolution of each neuropsychiatric syndrome. Given these recognized limitations of non-homologous models, kindling may still provide insights into the longitudinal course, progression, and treatment of some neuropsychiatric syndromes that can then be directly tested in the clinic.
journal_name
Epilepsy Resjournal_title
Epilepsy researchauthors
Post RMdoi
10.1016/s0920-1211(02)00081-5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-06-01 00:00:00pages
203-19issue
1-2eissn
0920-1211issn
1872-6844pii
S0920121102000815journal_volume
50pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The effect of magnesium-free medium on electrical and CaM kinase II activity in the rat hippocampal slice was examined. Experimental slices were incubated in 2 mM Mg, then exposed to magnesium-free medium for 1 h. Control slices were concurrently run in 2 mM Mg. Slices were then frozen and CaM kinase II activity was m...
journal_title:Epilepsy research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0920-1211(91)90054-j
更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical reports suggest that the elderly are hypersensitive to the neurological effects of domoic acid (DOM). In the present study we assessed DOM-induced seizures in young and aged rats, and seizure attenuation following low-dose DOM pretreatment (i.e. preconditioning). Seizure behaviours following saline or DOM adm...
journal_title:Epilepsy research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2007.07.003
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the influence of seizures and carbamazepine (CBZ) on spiking rates in kindled cats. In the first experiment, spiking rates were measured before and after seizures, with and without CBZ. CBZ was administered immediately after seizures in order not to affect them. Spiking rates were measured over 9 h during ...
journal_title:Epilepsy research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0920-1211(91)90065-n
更新日期:1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We retrospectively analyzed published studies to investigate historical trends in outcome of childhood absence epilepsy (CAE). We included patients based on onset of absence seizures in childhood, 3 Hz bilateral spike-wave discharges on EEG, and availability of seizure-free outcome data. The primary endpoint was seizu...
journal_title:Epilepsy research
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2019.02.013
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The new antiepileptic drug zonisamide was evaluated in a European multicenter parallel-group double-blind trial as add-on treatment for 139 patients with refractory partial epilepsy. During treatment with zonisamide complex partial seizures decreased by 27.7% compared to placebo (P < 0.05) and the median rate dropped ...
journal_title:Epilepsy research
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/0920-1211(93)90011-u
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ketamine, a noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, used as an anesthetic has been reported to induce seizures both in humans and baboons predisposed to epilepsy. In this study, we aimed to characterize the acute effects of ketamine on scalp (sc-EEG) and intracranial EEG (ic-EEG) in the baboon...
journal_title:Epilepsy research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2019.04.008
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We aim to investigate structural brain abnormalities in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) patients with photosensitivity (PS). Sixty JME patients, 19 (32%) of whom were photosensitive, were submitted to 1.5T magnetic resonance voxel-based morphometry (VBM). The control group (CTL) consisted of 30 sex-matched healthy v...
journal_title:Epilepsy research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2009.05.016
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To try to prove in patients with refractory symptomatic epilepsy due to early brain injury involving thalamus and complicated by CSWS the effects of the isolation of the injured hemisphere, performed with functional hemisperectomy, on epilepsy, namely on CSWS. METHODS:Full clinical follow-up before and after s...
journal_title:Epilepsy research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2009.09.014
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Using the gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) model of absence seizures in Long-Evans rats, this study investigated if 2.5-6 Hz paroxysmal discharges (PDs) induced by GBL were synchronized among the thalamocortical system and the hippocampus, and whether inactivation of the hippocampus affected PDs. METHODS:Local fiel...
journal_title:Epilepsy research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2015.12.007
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We compared the relative sensitivity of two interictal PET techniques, bolus injection of [15O] labeled water for estimation of cerebral blood flow (H2(15)O CBF-PET), and 18F 2-deoxyglucose (18FDG-PET) for cerebral glucose metabolism (CMRglc), and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, in 28 patients with medically i...
journal_title:Epilepsy research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0920-1211(92)90071-z
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In many parts of eastern Asia, rice is a dietary staple and therefore the ketogenic diet (KD) can be difficult to administer. The aim of this study was to assess the long-term effectiveness and tolerability of the classical KD using a 2:1 ratio of fat to protein plus net carbohydrates, which is lower than th...
journal_title:Epilepsy research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2018.09.002
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to investigate whether there may be a correlation between the anatomical variants of Circle of Willis (CoW) and presence/laterality of mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS). METHODS:We retrospectively identified the CoW variants on Wada angiograms in 71 patients with pathologically proven...
journal_title:Epilepsy research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2017.02.017
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Zonisamide (Zonegran), a novel antiepileptic drug (AED) approved recently in Europe as adjunctive therapy for refractory partial seizures in adults, has been used extensively in Japan and the United States. A substantial body of clinical experience has accumulated over a 14-year period, allowing the properties and pha...
journal_title:Epilepsy research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2005.11.004
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We hypothesized and found that the co-occurrence of migraine with aura (MA) with major depression (MD) or with suicide attempt (SA) increases the risk for developing unprovoked seizure more than these conditions alone. Number of conditions showed a linear relationship to seizure risk. This may reflect a new condition ...
journal_title:Epilepsy research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2007.05.001
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 5-hydroxytryptamine-1A (5-HT1A) receptors are known to be involved in the inhibition of seizures in epilepsy. Moreover, studies propose a role for the 5-HT1A receptor in memory function; it is believed that the higher density of this receptor in the hippocampus plays an important role in its regulation. Positron e...
journal_title:Epilepsy research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2014.09.013
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:Non-convulsive seizures/status epilepticus occur in approximately 20% of comatose, non-cardiac arrest intensive care unit (ICU) patients, and are associated with increased mortality. The prevalence and clinical significance of seizures in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest undergoing therapeutic hypot...
journal_title:Epilepsy research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2013.06.018
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been suggested that loss of the astrocytic water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4) from perivascular endfeet in sclerotic hippocampi contributes to increased seizure propensity in human mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). Whether this loss occurs prior to or as a consequence of epilepsy development remains to be res...
journal_title:Epilepsy research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2013.01.006
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The present study aims to determine the initialization and propagation of typical absence seizures using magnetoencephalography (MEG). METHOD:Fourteen drug-naïve children with childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) were studied using a 275-Channel MEG system. The spectral signatures of epileptic activity were assess...
journal_title:Epilepsy research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2014.01.006
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We analyzed preoperative ictal SPECT results from 18 frontal lobe epilepsy patients who underwent epilepsy surgery (mean age 22.9 years). Seizure onset at implanted subdural electrodes was defined as the epileptic focus in 16 of 18 patients. In two additional patients, the resected area on postoperative magnetic reson...
journal_title:Epilepsy research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2005.09.032
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Recent ILAE classification defined focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) patients with accompanying epileptic lesions as a separate group. We investigated data of patients with sole FCD lesions regarding long-term seizure outcome and different characteristics of FCD type 1 and type 2 patients. METHODS:Eighty chi...
journal_title:Epilepsy research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2017.08.008
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Controversy exists as to whether hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is a preexisting cause or a consequence of seizures. We investigated 122 consecutive patients who underwent anterior temporal lobectomy for intractable epilepsy between 1989 and 1992. MRI scans were normal apart from evidence of HS in 5 cases. The degree of H...
journal_title:Epilepsy research
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0920-1211(96)00008-3
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mutations in genes encoding ion channels in brain neurons have been identified in various epilepsy syndromes. In neuronal networks, "gain-of-function" of channels in excitatory neurotransmission could lead to hyper-excitation while "loss-of-function" in inhibitory transmission impairs neuronal inhibitory system, both ...
journal_title:Epilepsy research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2005.12.007
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several interacting genetic factors are likely to be involved in the epileptogenesis of idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGE). Neurotransmitter transporters play a central role in the fine tuning of neurotransmission by removal of released neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft. The present association study test...
journal_title:Epilepsy research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0920-1211(00)00120-0
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Since intracranial electrode implantation has limited spatial sampling and carries significant risk, placement has to be effective and efficient. Structural and functional imaging of several different modalities contributes to localising the seizure onset zone (SoZ) and eloquent cortex. There is a need to su...
journal_title:Epilepsy research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2013.08.002
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Brain glucose transport is dependent on glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), encoded by the solute carrier family 2 member 1 (SLC2A1) gene. Mutations in SLC2A1 cause GLUT1 deficiency which is characterized by a broad spectrum of neurological phenotypes including generalized epilepsy, motor disorders, developmental delay and...
journal_title:Epilepsy research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2017.04.007
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:SUMMARY:Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE) is known to be partly caused by mutations in the transmembrane domain (TM) 1-3 of the genes of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) alpha4-subunit (CHRNA4), beta2-subunit (CHRNB2) and alpha2-subunit (CHRNA2). The more common cases of s...
journal_title:Epilepsy research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2008.10.009
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Children with refractory epilepsy who are co-treated with the ketogenic diet (KD) and carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (CA-I) anti-epileptic medications including topiramate (TPM) and zonisamide (ZNS) are at risk for urolithiasis. Retrospective chart review of all children treated with ketogenic therapy at our institution...
journal_title:Epilepsy research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2010.04.005
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We analyzed 91 psychomotor seizures from 31 patients seizure free at least one year after temporal lobectomy (implying temporal lobe onset). Fifty symptoms were looked for in every seizure and their time of onset and ending noted. Statistical analysis was used to define symptom clusters and the order of appearance of ...
journal_title:Epilepsy research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0920-1211(94)00055-2
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:In patients with left temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) due to hippocampal sclerosis (HS) decreased naming ability is common, suggesting a critical role for the medial left temporal lobe in this task. We investigated the integrity of language networks with functional MRI (fMRI) in controls and TLE patients. EXPERIM...
journal_title:Epilepsy research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2011.04.007
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) in the development and expression of kindled seizures was assessed using a crossover design. Rats were stimulated once daily in the perforant path for 10 consecutive days 30 min following daily administration of saline or the NMDA antagonist MK-801 (1.0 mg/kg) (phase I). Five to...
journal_title:Epilepsy research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0920-1211(94)90014-0
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00