Abstract:
:Rapid progress has recently been encountered in pharmacologically treating the unborn baby. This unique area of drug therapy raises new methodological and ethical questions. This article is a systematic review of known modalities of fetal pharmacotherapy, and aims to highlight essential principles, difficulties and controversies in fetal pharmacotherapy. Unique pharmacokinetic features of pregnancy, the placenta and the fetus govern maternal-to-fetal drug transfer. Ethically, it is important that the mother and family are appropriately informed about the evidence in favour of specific fetal therapy, its risks and alternatives. Antenatal use of corticosteroids for lung maturation is an example of adequate methodology, leading to clear results. In contrast, the initial hopes in antenatal use of phenobarbital were based on less than optimal methodology. Folic acid for the prevention of neural tube defects is the first instance of fetal therapy that has led to the prevention of a major malformation. Serious infections, such as HIV, Group B streptococcus and toxoplasmosis highlight the need for controlled, randomised studies to prevent fetal infection. With scores of new modalities of fetal therapy likely to be introduced in the next few years, it will be important to adhere to the best possible methodology and execution, in order to address optimally the needs of the fetus.
journal_name
Drugsjournal_title
Drugsauthors
Koren G,Klinger G,Ohlsson Adoi
10.2165/00003495-200262050-00004subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-01-01 00:00:00pages
757-73issue
5eissn
0012-6667issn
1179-1950pii
620504journal_volume
62pub_type
杂志文章,评审相关文献
DRUGS文献大全abstract::Multiple drugs are now available for the treatment of overactive bladder. Currently, the pharmacological approach is to deal with the problem at the neuromuscular junction by attempting to stop the activity of the neurotransmitter with antimuscarinic medications. This article reviews the positive and negative aspects ...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200666100-00005
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial and the Stockholm Study have conclusively demonstrated that improving the blood glucose control in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) reduces the risk of developing retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. Each patient with IDDM should be carefully eva...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-199447040-00005
更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypertension is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) and is the primary risk factor for stroke. Drug trials lowering blood pressure by pharmacological means have demonstrated impressive reduction in both fatal and nonfatal stroke (33 to 50%) that are virtually identical to the predicted stroke reductio...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.2165/00003495-199000402-00011
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lifestyle interventions constitute the initial strategy for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in women. However, pharmacotherapy is often indicated for control of major cardiovascular risk factors, and abundant clinical trial data support the morbidity and mortality benefit of a number of ...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200868030-00006
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The treatment of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding is becoming more dependent upon early diagnosis. For the majority of patients whose bleeding has stopped when they come to the physician's attention, treatment for peptic disorders remains the mainstay of therapy. For patients who present to the physician actively...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-198937010-00007
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nabumetone is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) of the 2,6-disubstituted naphthylalkanone class. It is a prodrug metabolised to an active metabolite, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid (6-MNA), which preferentially inhibits cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) and has both anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. The...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Allergic rhinitis represents a global health burden. The disease can seriously affect quality of life and is associated with multiple co-morbidities. Histamine and leukotrienes are important pro-inflammatory mediators in nasal allergic inflammation. Their actions on target cells are mediated through specific receptors...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200767180-00006
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pain represents a major clinical, social and economic problem, with estimates of its prevalence ranging from 8% to more than 60%, depending on the population. The impact of pain on economies is enormous, with the cost of back pain alone equivalent to more than one-fifth of one country's total health expenditure and 1....
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Subcutaneous dulaglutide (Trulicity®) is a once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist that is approved in numerous countries as an adjunct to diet and exercise for the treatment of adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D). In the clinical trial and real-world settings, once-weekly subcutaneous dulaglutide, as monot...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40265-020-01260-9
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Purine nucleoside analogues are a new class of drugs with activity against nondividing lymphocytes; thus, they should play a major role in the treatment of low grade lymphoid malignancies. As these drugs are active against resting lymphocytes, harmful effects related to this action were expected and have been reported...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-199400476-00009
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is characterised by an urge to move the legs, uncomfortable sensations in the legs and worsening of these symptoms during rest with at least temporary relief brought on by activity. RLS occurs in 3-15% of the general population and in 10-30% of patients on maintenance dialysis. RLS may lea...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200666050-00003
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An acute thrombus at the site of an atherosclerotic obstruction is the usual cause of myocardial infarction. Thrombolytic therapy is an exciting new therapy for reducing the extent of myocardial infarction by lysing intracoronary clots. Such therapy has now been widely applied by: prolonged intravenous infusion of str...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-198428050-00004
更新日期:1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Everolimus is an immunosuppressant that blocks growth factor-mediated proliferation of haematopoietic and nonhaematopoietic cells. Oral everolimus 0.75 or 1.5mg twice daily significantly reduced the incidence of the primary composite endpoint, efficacy failure 6 months after transplantation, compared with azathioprine...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00003495-200464080-00005
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diabetes mellitus has become the most common single cause of end-stage renal disease in the Western world. Diabetic nephropathy, as most forms of renal disease leading to end-stage renal failure, is frequently complicated by arterial hypertension. In type 1 diabetes mellitus the reported excess in arterial hypertensio...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stroke is the third most common cause of death in the US. Primary prevention of stroke can be achieved by control of risk factors including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, elevated cholesterol levels and smoking. Approximately one-third of all ischaemic strokes occur in patients with a history of stroke or transient ...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200565040-00003
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypertension affects 65 million people in the US, and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, but less than one-third of patients with hypertension are treated to goal blood pressure. Multiple factors have been cited, and include suboptimal adherence to treatment and lifestyle modifications, limited access to hea...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200666090-00006
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chenodeoxycholic acid (chenic acid; CDCA) is 1 of the 3 major biliary bile acids in man. When administered in pharmacological doses it causes a decrease in cholesterol saturation of bile, which in turn may lead to gradual dissolution of cholesterol gallstones. The stone dissolution rate during CDCA therapy has varied ...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-198121020-00002
更新日期:1981-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eight patients about to have the whole or part of a lung resected were given a 2g bolus dose of temocillin. A series of serum samples and a piece of peripheral lung tissue were collected and assayed for temocillin concentration. 30 minutes after drug administration, the mean serum and tissue concentrations were 172 mg...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00003495-198500295-00031
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eluxadoline (Truberzi®) is an orally administered, minimally absorbed agent that acts locally in the gastrointestinal tract as a mixed µ-opioid receptor agonist and δ-opioid receptor antagonist. The randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multinational, phase 3 IBS-3001 and IBS-3002 trials examined the efficacy ...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40265-017-0756-7
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Each antiarrhythmic agent can cause side effects, but most of these are easily recognised by the patient or physician. However, one potentially serious side effect common to all of these drugs is aggravation of ventricular arrhythmia. Often this is without symptoms and goes unrecognised by the patient. It occurs in 11...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00003495-198500294-00009
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lanthanum carbonate is a novel, non-aluminium, non-calcium phosphate binding agent that forms a water-insoluble compound, lanthanum phosphate, in the gut. Lanthanum carbonate (elemental lanthanum 375-3000 mg/day) reduced serum phosphorus levels compared with placebo in two randomised, double-blind, multicentre 4-week ...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200464090-00008
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the mid-1980s it was discovered that serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) was at least partially responsible for producing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. It was therefore realised that serotonin receptor blockade with serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonists could inhibit chemotherapy-induced nausea and vom...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-199855020-00002
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glaucoma, a group of progressive optic neuropathies with similar patterns of tissue loss, is primarily treated with medical therapy, followed by laser therapy and, later, incisional surgery. Aside from the introduction of prostaglandin analogs, topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and topical alpha-agonists in the 1...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40265-019-01130-z
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The new therapeutic options available to clinicians treating dyslipidaemia in the last decade have enabled effective treatment for many patients. The development of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) have been a major advance in that they possess multiple pharmacological effects (pleiotropic effects) resulting...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200060010-00005
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intravenous susoctocog alfa (Obizur(®)) is a recombinant, B-domain deleted, porcine sequence antihaemophilic factor VIII (FVIII) product that has recently been approved for the treatment of bleeding episodes in adults with acquired haemophilia A (AHA). Intravenous susoctocog alfa was an effective and generally well to...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40265-016-0576-1
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pain is associated with emotional and physical suffering that severely impacts quality of life. Many guidelines for the treatment of moderate to severe cancer pain indicate the use of opioids. For a small proportion of the global population, opioids are readily accessible, but are consequently also subject to risk of ...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40265-020-01342-8
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insulin glargine is a human insulin analogue prepared by recombinant DNA technology. Modification of the human insulin molecule at position A21 and at the C-terminus of the B-chain results in the formation of a stable compound that is soluble at pH 4.0, but forms amorphous microprecipitates in subcutaneous tissue from...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200363160-00007
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several compounds have been claimed to have a faster onset of antidepressant action. However, these trials suffered from lack of appropriate definitions and of standardised and comparable methodology, as far as measurement instruments, dosage strategies and statistical analyses were concerned. This article was underta...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-199652040-00001
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The efficacy of cilazapril monotherapy was evaluated in 2 multicentre double-blind dose-response trials. After 4 weeks of a single-blind placebo run-in period, patients with uncomplicated mild to moderate essential hypertension and a sitting diastolic blood pressure of 100 to 115 mm Hg, 24 hours after the last placebo...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.2165/00003495-199100411-00007
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inhaled mometasone furoate (Asmanex) is a synthetic corticosteroid indicated for the first-line maintenance prophylactic therapy of persistent asthma in adults and adolescents. It is formulated for delivery via a breath-actuated dry powder inhaler (DPI) [Twisthaler].Inhaled mometasone furoate delivered by DPI is effec...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200666080-00011
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00