Abstract:
:Epizoonoses such as scabies, lice and cimicosis are common, vexing disorders that occur worldwide. Historically, many treatment modalities have been employed in the management of these disorders, and most of the drugs described in this review are of historical interest and no longer recommended or in widespread use because of their wide spectrum of adverse effects. More recently, reports documenting resistance against various antiectoparasite drugs, complicated and severe courses of the diseases, and adverse effects of drug therapy have prompted the development of new treatment strategies and drugs for optimal disease management. Because the strategies currently recommended for the treatment of ectoparasites differ worldwide, this review proposes a rational approach to selecting the best therapeutic agent by comparing the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, drug efficacy and adverse effects. A literature search of the currently Internet accessible libraries PubMed, Medline and Ideal library, of citations of articles found there, and from communications with the Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices, Germany, was conducted based on this approach. One major observation of this literature search is that permethrin is the treatment of choice for lice and scabies in the US and in Great Britain, whereas lindane is still recommended for scabies in most other European countries because of its longer-standing record of effectiveness. Although permethrin has not yet been proven to be more effective than lindane in treating infections with these ectoparasites, it currently appears to have the best efficacy versus safety profile of topical treatments for scabies and lice. Ivermectin is a newer oral drug for the treatment of ectoparasites, which has been used with great success in the treatment of onchocercosis and other endoparasites. Although ivermectin appears to be a promising drug, its role in the treatment of ectoparasitic infections will be clarified as more study data become available. Finally, it is important to emphasise the clinical aspects of ectoparasite therapy and that providing the patient with optimal instructions on the use of topical therapeutics is of great importance in avoiding adverse effects and assuring complete removal of the ectoparasite, thereby avoiding the development of drug-resistance.
journal_name
Drugsjournal_title
Drugsauthors
Roos TC,Alam M,Roos S,Merk HF,Bickers DRdoi
10.2165/00003495-200161080-00004subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-01-01 00:00:00pages
1067-88issue
8eissn
0012-6667issn
1179-1950journal_volume
61pub_type
杂志文章,评审相关文献
DRUGS文献大全abstract::The effect of cefotaxime and ceftriaxone on faecal flora was investigated in women undergoing routine vaginal or abdominal hysterectomy. Three groups of 9 patients received, in a double-blind fashion and just before surgery, cefotaxime 2g intravenously, ceftriaxone 2g intravenously or no antibiotic (controls). Stools ...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00003495-198800352-00004
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Levonorgestrel 6-capsule subdermal implants (Norplant) are an effective form of reversible contraception. When implanted under the skin of the upper arm, they release drug into the circulation at a relatively constant rate over 5 years. Generally, the cumulative pregnancy rate at the end of 5 years' levonorg...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-199855060-00019
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insulin glargine 300 U/mL (Toujeo(®)) is a long-acting basal insulin analogue approved for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Insulin glargine 300 U/mL has a more stable and prolonged pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile than insulin glargine 100 U/mL (Lantus(®)), with a duration of glucose-lowering activity excee...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40265-016-0541-z
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mTOR pathway is implicated in the pathogenesis of lymphoma. Deeper understanding of the diversity and biological impact of this pathway has led to the development of specific inhibitors to this pathway. Preclinical data in cell lines, patient samples and disease models have bro...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40265-016-0565-4
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Zimelidine is a new antidepressant, which is structurally unrelated to the tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants. The pharmacological profile of zimelidine is different to that of other antidepressants in that it appears to owe the major part of its activity to the inhibition of serotonin uptake within the central...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-198224030-00001
更新日期:1982-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a double-blind study, 128 patients with essential hypertension, refractory to beta-blocker monotherapy, were randomised to 1 of 4 treatment groups. Felodipine 2.5 mg twice daily, 5mg twice daily, 10mg twice daily or matched placebo twice daily were administered in addition to the beta-blocker for 4 weeks. Mean supi...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2165/00003495-198700343-00023
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Azacitidine (Vidaza) is a pyrimidine nucleoside analogue of cytidine. Subcutaneous azacitidine was recently approved in the EU for the treatment of adults who are not eligible for haematopoietic stem cell transplantation and who have intermediate-2-risk or high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) [according to Intern...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/11202840-000000000-00000
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the European Multicentre Study (EMS), the safety and efficacy of a single 30U intravenous injection of anisoylated plasminogen streptokinase activator complex (APSAC) was studied in patients with acute myocardial infarction. The present study discusses the Belgian data on safety and tolerance from the EMS study. 87...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2165/00003495-198700333-00055
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Globally, tuberculosis (TB) and HIV interact in deadly synergy. The high burden of TB among HIV-infected individuals underlies the importance of TB diagnosis, treatment and prevention for clinicians involved in HIV care. Despite expanding access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) to treat HIV infection in resource-limite...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/11591360-000000000-00000
更新日期:2011-06-18 00:00:00
abstract::Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a leading cause of cancer death in industrialised countries, with an overall 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. Good patient performance status is associated with a significantly improved prognosis, whereas the presence of metastases, particularly to the bone or liver, is asso...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-199200444-00006
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The most positive results in this area have been those of the second Danish Study Group on Verapamil in Myocardial Infarction (1990) which assessed the benefit of treatment with verapamil from the second week after myocardial infarction. Verapamil produced a significant reduction in both mortality and reinfarction rat...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-199100421-00005
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bronchial asthma is an inflammatory disease. The characteristic pathological features of epithelial cell loss, goblet cell hyperplasia, increased deposition of collagen beneath the basement membrane, mast cell degranulation, and inflammatory cell infiltration of the mucosa are not limited to fatal asthma. Similar infl...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-198900371-00021
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacological treatment of epilepsy has made considerable progress during the last decade, due to improved knowledge of the clinical pharmacology of individual drugs, acquisition of new information on the factors affecting response and need for drug treatment, and development of promising new agents. Once a clin...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-199549050-00004
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many drugs have a site of action within the inner ear. The list includes therapeutic, diagnostic and ototoxic agents. Therapeutic agents are most useful in cases of infections, endolymphatic hydrops, vascular insufficiency, vertigo of peripheral origin, autoimmune disease, otosclerosis (otospongiosis), sudden hearing ...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-198836060-00005
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The introduction of medications that target specific proinflammatory cytokines has revolutionized the management of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The agents that antagonize the effects of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha -- infliximab, etanercept and adalimumab -- have consistently shown very good efficacy for...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200868050-00003
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the reproductive period, women generally have lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol than age- and diet-matched men. However, these possibly antiatherogenic characteristics of lipoproteins are changed to a potentially atherogenic profile after menopause. ...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200262170-00002
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is characterized by the presence of wheals, angioedema, or both for at least 6 weeks. It may persist for a long time-up to 50% of the patients have been reported to be symptomatic 5 years after the onset. Some patients can suffer more than one episode of CSU during their lifetime. C...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40265-020-01387-9
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Because platelets are so important in thrombus formation, drugs which inhibit platelet function (the 'antiplatelet drugs') have considerable potential as antithrombotic agents. Among the antiplatelet drugs, only aspirin, sulphinpyrazone, dipyridamole, hydroxychloroquine, and clofibrate have had wide clinical trial. Th...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-197918060-00002
更新日期:1979-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Numerous studies report the relationship between aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) and cancer incidence, in particular for colorectal cancer. This paper systematically reviews the evidence of the effect of aspirin and other NSAIDs on the primary prevention of colorectal and other gastrointest...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200262060-00006
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The optimal pharmacological therapy of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the most ardently debated issues in medicine. Presently, most guidelines recommend either a fluoroquinolone alone or dual therapy with a third-generation cephalosporin plus a macrolide in patients hospitalised with CAP, but few provide...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200565140-00004
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aflibercept (Eylea(®)) is an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agent indicated for intravitreal use in the treatment of diabetic macular oedema. In patients with diabetic macular oedema, significantly greater improvements from baseline to week 52 in visual acuity were seen with intravitreal aflibercept versus ma...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40265-015-0421-y
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Onychomycoses, infections of the nail caused by fungi, are amongst the most common illnesses. Because of the high incidence of these infections and problems involved in their therapy, they have received much attention, particularly as concerns a better characterisation of the causative micro-organisms. Onychomycosis c...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-199958020-00005
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Resting heart rate is associated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, and the mortality benefit of some cardiovascular drugs seems to be related in part to their heart rate-lowering effects. Since it is difficult to separate the benefit of heart rate lowering from other actions with currently available drugs, ...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200464160-00003
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rationale for the use of nifedipine in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) is based on the various cardiovascular actions of the compound: reduction of myocardial oxygen consumption by attenuation of cardiac and vascular smooth muscle tension; augmentation of oxygen and substrate supply after increased ...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-199100422-00007
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Zaleplon is a pyrazolopyrimidine hypnotic agent which is indicated for the short term (2 to 4 weeks) management of insomnia. Zaleplon 5 and 10 mg at bedtime (usual recommended doses) significantly reduced sleep latency compared with placebo in clinical trials in nonelderly and elderly patients with insomnia. In genera...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200060020-00014
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Temocillin is a novel injectable beta-lactam antibiotic designed for parenteral use. It is active against the majority of Gram-negative bacteria and is stable to a wide range of beta-lactamases. Disposition and metabolic studies on temocillin in animals and man demonstrate that the drug is well distributed throughout ...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00003495-198500295-00021
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Enalapril provides significant haemodynamic, symptomatic and clinical improvement when added to maintenance therapy with digitalis and diuretics in patients with congestive heart failure [NYHA (New York Heart Association) classes II to IV]. These effects are not attenuated during long term therapy. More significantly,...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-198937020-00004
更新日期:1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypertension is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) and is the primary risk factor for stroke. Drug trials lowering blood pressure by pharmacological means have demonstrated impressive reduction in both fatal and nonfatal stroke (33 to 50%) that are virtually identical to the predicted stroke reductio...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.2165/00003495-199000402-00011
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Available data indicate that the most common beta-lactamase produced by Branhamella catarrhalis is plasmid mediated. The same enzyme occurs in Moraxella nonliquefaciens, a commensal in the upper respiratory tract. The ability to produce the enzyme, which is known as BRO-1, can be transferred by conjugation from M. non...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00003495-198600313-00026
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sacituzumab govitecan (sacituzumab govitecan-hziy; Trodelvy™) is a Trop-2-directed antibody conjugated to a topoisomerase I inhibitor (SN-38) that is being developed by Immunomedics for the treatment of solid tumours, including breast cancer. In April 2020, sacituzumab govitecan received accelerated approval in the US...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40265-020-01337-5
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00