Abstract:
:Onychomycoses, infections of the nail caused by fungi, are amongst the most common illnesses. Because of the high incidence of these infections and problems involved in their therapy, they have received much attention, particularly as concerns a better characterisation of the causative micro-organisms. Onychomycosis caused by dermatophytes (tinea unguium) is most common and is found more frequently on the feet than on the hands. The clinical presentation of onychomycosis is at best indicative of fungal infection, and the growth of a credible pathogen is an indispensable prerequisite for definite diagnosis. The clinical appearance is variable. Four major types of manifestation have been characterised, depending on localisation and spread. New antifungal agents for systemic or topical application based on novel active substances or vehicles are available, and cure is feasible for the majority of cases. Therapy can and should be individualised, depending on the characteristics of the particular case. Currently, continuous or intermittent oral treatment with itraconazole or terbinafine exhibit a particularly favourable risk : benefit ratio. Fluconazole might become an alternative in the near future. With respect to topical treatment, ciclopirox or amorolfine lacquer and the bifonazole/urea combination deserve particular interest. However, cure cannot be expected for every case.
journal_name
Drugsjournal_title
Drugsauthors
Niewerth M,Korting HCdoi
10.2165/00003495-199958020-00005subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-08-01 00:00:00pages
283-96issue
2eissn
0012-6667issn
1179-1950journal_volume
58pub_type
杂志文章,评审相关文献
DRUGS文献大全abstract::Estrogenic compounds are the most important group of drugs that can induce hypertension. Studies have shown an incidence of significant hypertension amounting to less than 1% after 1 year of taking oral contraceptives and about 2% after 5 years. The ratio of the incidence of hypertension among ''takers'' to that of ...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-197612030-00005
更新日期:1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiovascular disease continues to be the principal cause of death in Western countries. Epidemiological studies have repeatedly demonstrated a striking relationship between blood pressure and the risk of cardiovascular disease in that those with the highest levels of blood pressure are at the greatest risk for subse...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00003495-198600314-00003
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review will discuss the safety profiles of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors captopril, enalapril and lisinopril in patients with hypertension. In general, the safety profiles of ACE inhibitors compare favourably with those of other agents used for the treatment of hypertension. Adverse effects a...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-198800355-00016
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The oral deoxyguanosine nucleoside analogue entecavir (Baraclude®) has potent activity against hepatitis B virus (HBV) and a high genetic barrier to resistance. This article reviews the clinical efficacy and tolerability of entecavir in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in patients with decompensated liver disease,...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/11208510-000000000-00000
更新日期:2011-12-24 00:00:00
abstract::Cisatracurium besilate (besylate) is a nondepolarising neuromuscular blocking agent with an intermediate duration of action. It is the R-cis, R'-cis isomer of atracurium besilate and is approximately 3-fold more potent than the mixture of isomers that constitute the parent drug. The ED95 for cisatracurium besilate (do...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-199753050-00012
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacological treatment of epilepsy has made considerable progress during the last decade, due to improved knowledge of the clinical pharmacology of individual drugs, acquisition of new information on the factors affecting response and need for drug treatment, and development of promising new agents. Once a clin...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-199549050-00004
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lanreotide Autogel (ATG) [Somatuline Depot] is a novel, long-acting preparation of the somatostatin analogue lanreotide acetate that acts via somatostatin receptors to reduce both growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels. It is indicated for the management of acromegaly and, relative to most...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200868050-00013
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alectinib (Alecensa(®)) is a second-generation, orally active, potent and highly selective inhibitor of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). Alectinib is approved for the treatment of ALK fusion-gene positive, unresectable, advanced or recurrent non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Japan, where it has been given orphan ...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40265-014-0329-y
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Enalapril provides significant haemodynamic, symptomatic and clinical improvement when added to maintenance therapy with digitalis and diuretics in patients with congestive heart failure [NYHA (New York Heart Association) classes II to IV]. These effects are not attenuated during long term therapy. More significantly,...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-198937020-00004
更新日期:1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The hyperkinetic syndrome is a symptom complex of hyperactivity, short attention span, distractibility, impulsivity, learning difficulties, other behaviour problems and 'equivocal' neurological signs. However, none of these terms has ever been objectively defined and at present diagnosis is largely a matter of clinica...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00003495-197611020-00001
更新日期:1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A number of new agents for the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at different stages of development, including several inhaled long-acting antimuscarinics (LAMA). Long-acting bronchodilators are considered to be central to the management of COPD due to the evidence supporting their efficac...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1007/s40265-015-0532-5
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Everolimus is an immunosuppressant that blocks growth factor-mediated proliferation of haematopoietic and nonhaematopoietic cells. Oral everolimus 0.75 or 1.5mg twice daily significantly reduced the incidence of the primary composite endpoint, efficacy failure 6 months after transplantation, compared with azathioprine...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00003495-200464080-00005
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rapid spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections and the grim outcome of these infections have focused interest on the possibilities for medical intervention. The end-stage of these infections, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), was first recognised in 1981, and the causative agent isolated i...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-198734030-00004
更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the 30 years since the rabbit antithymocyte globulin (rATG) Thymoglobulin(®) was first licensed, its use in solid organ transplantation and hematology has expanded progressively. Although the evidence base is incomplete, specific roles for rATG in organ transplant recipients using contemporary dosing strategies are...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40265-014-0277-6
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cefdinir (Omnicef) is an oral third-generation cephalosporin with good in vitro activity against many pathogens commonly causative in community-acquired infections. The drug provides good coverage against Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae, the most common...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200464130-00004
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hairy cell leukaemia is an uncommon B cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorder characterised by circulating lymphocytes displaying prominent cytoplasmic projections. Therapy is initiated for severe cytopenias or recurrent infections. Splenectomy, the first standard treatment, is now less commonly used as primary trea...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-199549060-00006
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease characterized by low bone mass and bone mineral density, and deterioration of the underlying structure of bone tissue. These changes lead to an increase in bone fragility and an increased risk for fracture, which are the clinical consequences of osteoporosis. The classical triad...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/11587570-000000000-00000
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immunotherapeutic approaches have been, and continue to be, aggressively investigated in the treatment of infiltrating gliomas. While the results of late-phase clinical studies have been disappointing in this disease space thus far, the success of immunotherapies in other malignancies as well as the incremental gains ...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40265-019-01203-z
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pentamidine is an aromatic diamidine derivative which has become one of the standard therapies for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), particularly in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). However, with parenteral administration of the drug there is a high risk of toxicity. Inhaled pentamidine pro...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-199039050-00008
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is crucial in B-cell development and survival. The role of BTK as a downstream kinase in the B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway is well described. As a key player in the pathogenesis of B-cell malignancies, targeting of dysregulated BCR signaling has been explored by development of ...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40265-018-1003-6
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Until recently, patients with advanced thyroid cancers had limited options for systemic treatment. With the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) as a promising new class of targeted therapies for thyroid cancer, suddenly patients with advanced disease were given new options to extend survival. Guidelines ...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40265-017-0733-1
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eplerenone (Inspra) is a selective aldosterone blocker. Oral eplerenone is approved for use in patients with left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction and clinical evidence of heart failure following acute myocardial infarction (MI) in the US and in European countries (e.g. the UK and The Netherlands). The addition o...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200464230-00005
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alprazolam is a triazolobenzodiazepine which is related to diazepam and other 1,4-benzodiazepines, and has a similar pharmacological profile. Relative to the newer benzodiazepines, alprazolam has an intermediate half-life of 10 to 12 hours in healthy young subjects. In placebo-controlled and double-blind comparative t...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-198427020-00002
更新日期:1984-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rilpivirine is an orally administered, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor that is a component drug in combination therapy for antiretroviral-naive patients with HIV-1 infection. The randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, multinational ECHO and THRIVE trials in antiretroviral-naive adult patients with HIV-...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/11208590-000000000-00000
更新日期:2012-03-05 00:00:00
abstract::This narrative review reports on the pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties of rotigotine, a non-ergolinic D₃/D₂/D₁ dopamine receptor agonist approved for the treatment of early- and advanced-stage Parkinson's disease (PD) and moderate to severe restless legs syndrome (RLS). Rotigotine is formulated as a trans...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40265-015-0377-y
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The currently available, most frequently used disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) include auranofin, azathioprine, D-penicillamine, gold sodium thiomalate, hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate (amethopterin) and sulphasalazine. Controlled trials of these agents are reviewed to compare their relative efficacy an...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-199039010-00003
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::As first reported by our group in 1975, severe heart failure due to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy could be improved in patients receiving beta-blocker therapy starting at a very low dose and followed by a stepwise increase. Since then, these results have been confirmed by our own group and by others, and similar r...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-199400474-00006
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Along with nausea and vomiting, postanaesthetic shivering is one of the leading causes of discomfort for patients recovering from general anaesthesia. The distinguishing factor during electromyogram recordings between patients with postanaesthetic shivering and shivering in fully awake patients is the existence of clo...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200161150-00004
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute renal failure (ARF) occurs frequently in hospitalised patients, and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The most common and generalised forms of acute renal failure are pre-renal conditions and intra-renal acute tubular necrosis (ATN). Pre-renal ARF in its pure state should be entirely revers...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200059010-00005
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rupatadine (Rupafin, Rinialer, Rupax, Alergoliber) is a selective oral histamine H(1)-receptor antagonist that has also been shown to have platelet-activating factor (PAF) antagonist activity in vitro. It is indicated for use in seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR), perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR) and chronic idiopathic...
journal_title:Drugs
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003495-200767030-00008
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00