Abstract:
:The relationship between personality traits and cognitive performance was studied in two groups: men with symptoms and neuropsychological test results compatible with toxic encephalopathy (TE) and demographically similar healthy men (N=57 per group). Personality traits were assessed with the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP). The neuropsychological examination included 13 tests covering various functional domains. The TE group displayed elevated scores on all three KSP anxiety scales as well as an elevated impulsiveness score. Furthermore, the TE group had a lower score on the socialization scale than did the referent group. Different relationships between personality dispositions and cognitive functioning emerged in the two groups. Within the referent group the highest correlations were observed between KSP anxiety and socialization scale scores and reaction times measures. This pattern did not appear in the TE group; instead, divergent and a few weak relationships emerged. These relationships involved correlations between the KSP monotony avoidance score and some motor speed scores. By dividing the referent group into low anxiety and high anxiety subgroups on the basis of the multi-component anxiety scale score, it was shown that the test scores in the high anxiety subgroup mostly were indistinguishable from the scores in the TE group. In contrast, the low anxiety group had higher test scores than the TE group in 8 of the 13 tests. In conclusion, the expected relationship between anxiety and cognitive vigilance is absent in TE cases. This indicates that the neuropsychological performance decrement in TE cases is not primarily related to elevated mental distress, but is probably dominated by the effects of organic brain impairment. Thus, in TE cases low neuropsychological test scores should not be regarded as a consequence of emotional symptoms. Furthermore, personality traits may be considered as potential confounders even if traditional matching by demographic criteria has been successfully implemented.
journal_name
Neurotoxicologyjournal_title
Neurotoxicologyauthors
Persson R,Osterberg K,Karlson B,Orbaek Psubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-10-01 00:00:00pages
667-75issue
5eissn
0161-813Xissn
1872-9711journal_volume
21pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NEUROTOXICOLOGY文献大全abstract:BACKGROUND:Visual functions are known to be sensitive to toxins such as mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb), while omega-3 fatty acids (FA) and selenium (Se) may be protective. In the Tapajós region of the Brazilian Amazon, all of these elements are present in the local diet. OBJECTIVE:Examine how near visual contrast sensitiv...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2013.04.010
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In aquatic ecosystems, mercury can become methylated and act as a potent environmental toxin, producing developmental and neurotoxic effects in a variety of species, including frogs. Molecular indicators provide a means of assessing exposure to methylmercury and for understanding how it and other environmental toxins ...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Flavonoids are bioactive compounds that are known to be neuroprotective against glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity, one of the major causes of neurodegeneration. The mechanisms underlying these effects are unresolved, but recent evidence indicates flavonoids may modulate estrogen signaling, which can delay the onset an...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2018.02.001
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The toxicology of tin is almost entirely the toxicology of the organic compounds of tin, for the metal itself and its inorganic compounds appear to be nearly harmless for practical purposes. Furthermore, the neurotoxicity of organotin is essentially that of trimethyltin and triethyltin. ...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The contribution of environmental toxicants to the etiology and risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) has been clearly established, with organochlorine insecticides routinely shown to damage the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway. Although PD is generally considered an adult onset disease, it has been postulated that exposure ...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2014.07.008
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:This study examined the acute effects of severe monocrotophos (MCP) poisoning on AChE inhibition, mRNA expression and recovery of acetylcholinesterase activity in different regions of the rat brain. STUDY:Wistar rats were administered monocrotophos (0.8LD(50)) by oral gavage to elicit severe effects of acute poiso...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2012.07.010
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Central respiratory chemosensitivity has been ascribed to CO2-sensitive neurons located on the ventral brainstem surface. The effects of cholinergic mechanisms on CO2-sensitive neuronal activity recorded extracellularly at the brainstem respiratory chemosensitive area at the caudal ventral medullary surface (cVMS) wer...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the neurotoxicology pediatric domain, few neuromotor tests are specifically designed to be sensitive enough for the early detection of subtle deficits in voluntary and involuntary movements. In research and clinical domains, an effort is done to objectify or quantify the qualitative aspects of a movement (pattern o...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2005.03.002
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::An equal amount (per weight) of 127m tellurium (Te) was injected IP into weanling and adult rats, some intoxicated with a diet containing Te, others not. The young intoxicated rats presented a segmental demyelination of the sciatic nerve and paralysis of the hind limbs; the adult intoxicated rats did not. Quantitation...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1982-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic exposure to manganese (Mn) causes neurotoxicity, referred to as manganism, with common clinical features of parkinsonism. 17β-estradiol (E2) and tamoxifen (TX), a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), afford neuroprotection in several neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD). In the p...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2017.11.008
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, it has been proposed that a variety of environmental disruptors (EDs) disturb the neonatal development of the brain in mammals because of their lipophilic characteristics. Therefore, the synergism of these lipophilic compounds is important when evaluating the risk from EDs. In mouse cerebellar granule cells ...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2004.07.008
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous work has indicated that the neurotoxic action of environmentally relevant levels of lead (Pb) on dopaminergic neurons is primarily presynaptic in nature and related to impaired regulation of dopamine (DA) synthesis and decreased DA release. This study was conducted to assess the functional integrity of the re...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phthalates are synthetically derived chemicals used as plasticizers in a variety of common household products. They are not chemically bound to plastic polymers and over time, easily migrate out of these products and into the environment. Experimental investigations evaluating the biological impact of phthalate exposu...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2015.02.008
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a principal site for protein synthesis, protein folding, calcium storage, and calcium signaling. Thapsigargin (TG), an inducer of ER stress, inhibits ER-associated Ca(2+)-ATPase and disrupts Ca(2+) homeostasis. ER stress plays an important pathogenetic role in Alzheimer's disease, Par...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2009.02.006
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lead (Pb(2+)) is a pollutant commonly found in the environment. It causes a wide variety of detrimental effects on developing central nervous system. However, the mechanisms of its neurotoxicity remained to be elucidated. In hippocampus, the muscarinic cholinergic system modulates certain forms of synaptic transmissio...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2006.11.003
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos (CPF), widely used for agricultural purposes, has been linked to neurodevelopmental deficits. Possible motor effects at low to moderate levels of exposure have not been evaluated. METHODS:Prenatal exposure to CPF was measured in umbilical cord blood in a sample o...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2015.09.004
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vanadium-containing products are manufactured and widely used in the modern industry. Yet the neurobehavioral toxicity due to occupational exposure to vanadium remained elusive. This cross-sectional study was designed to examine the neurotoxic effects of occupational vanadium exposure. A total of 463 vanadium-exposed ...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2013.02.008
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is an organophosphorus pesticide that can damage the central nervous system in children upon exposure. Taxifolin (Tax) exerts protective effects against neurotoxins; however, the mechanism has not yet been illustrated. The current study used BV2 cells to investigate the protective mechanism underlyi...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2019.05.010
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lead is one of the most common metals in contaminated ecosystems. Although lead poisoning and mortality have long been known, little is known of the neurobehavioral effects produced by low levels of lead in wild animals. Herein we describe the neurobehavioral effects of lead on learning using herring gulls (Larus arge...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2005.01.005
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous work has demonstrated that continual exposure to 0.2% lead (Pb) beginning at birth diminishes depolarization-induced hippocampal glutamate (GLU) and GABA release in vivo. The present study sought to extend these findings by examining Pb-induced changes as a function of exposure period. Rats were continually e...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present studies were conducted to changes arising from mercury poisoning in the central nervous system (CNS), with a focus on determining the receptors and neurotransmitters involved. Currently, little is known regarding the neurological basis of the cardiopulmonary effects of mercury poisoning. We evaluated chang...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2011.02.006
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:While the impact of active maternal smoking during pregnancy on child health has been well investigated, the association between maternal passive smoking, or environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), or second-hand smoke, and behavioral development of offspring is less clear. This study examines the association bet...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2012.11.005
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Manganese-deficient individuals have decreased manganese elimination. This observation has prompted suggestions that relative manganese deficiency may increase the risk for manganese neurotoxicity following inhalation exposure. The objective of this study was to determine whether dietary manganese intake influences th...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0161-813x(01)00075-4
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The field of neurotoxicology needs to satisfy two opposing demands: the testing of a growing list of chemicals, and resource limitations and ethical concerns associated with testing using traditional mammalian species. National and international government agencies have defined a need to reduce, refine or replace mamm...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2008.04.006
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Free radical-induced brain oxidative injury is thought to play a role in the etiology and pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Iron (Fe) can catalyze the Fenton reaction and mediate hydroxyl radical (HO.) generation to initiate lipid peroxidation (LP). The neurotoxin aluminum (Al) can facilitate Fe-mediated LP...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a series of experiments, prenatal administration of phenytoin to rats at non-embryotoxic and non-teratogenic doses produced offspring exhibiting large and enduring abnormalities in behavior. Plasma drug concentrations on the last day of exposure in the dams were within the human therapeutic range for anticonvulsant...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1986-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::3-iodo-l-tyrosine might play a role in Parkinson's disease since this molecule is able, at high concentration, to inhibit tyrosine-hydroxylase activity, the rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine biosynthesis. The possible Parkinson-like effects of 3-iodo-l-tyrosine were tested on three experimental approaches in mice: cult...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2018.06.002
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to neurotoxic agents represents a concern of high priority in modern society. The nervous system can compensate for the toxic effects caused by low doses, but prolonged and lifetime exposure can also lead to delayed neurodegenerative effects for very low levels. The reported frequency of neurodegenerative dis...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2009.10.003
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glial cells and their interactions with neurons play vital roles during the ontogeny of the nervous system and in the adult brain. Alcohol intake during pregnancy can cause mental retardation and neurobehavioral disorders as well as fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). Clinical and experimental evidence indicate that in uter...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0161-813x(01)00037-7
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bisphenol A (BPA) is a high volume endocrine disrupting chemical found in a wide variety of products including plastics and epoxy resins. Human exposure is nearly ubiquitous, and higher in children than adults. Because BPA has been reported to interfere with sex steroid hormone signaling, there is concern that develop...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2017.09.002
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00