Abstract:
:Central respiratory chemosensitivity has been ascribed to CO2-sensitive neurons located on the ventral brainstem surface. The effects of cholinergic mechanisms on CO2-sensitive neuronal activity recorded extracellularly at the brainstem respiratory chemosensitive area at the caudal ventral medullary surface (cVMS) were investigated in cats (n = 14) anesthetized with chloralose-urethane. The neurons increased their firing rate from 10.4 +/- 1.6 Hz to 33.9 +/- 5.2 Hz when the mock cerebrospinal fluid (mCSF) superfusing buffer solution was changed from pH 7.4 (control) to pH 7.0 (acidic). Atropine (ATR) applied topically to the cVMS depressed the H(+)-ion-induced increase in neuronal frequency from 32.8 +/- 4.8 Hz to 13.4 +/- 2.2 Hz. ATR also depressed the inspired-CO2-induced increase in neuronal activity from 33.2 +/- 8.3 Hz to 18.9 +/- 4.9 Hz, suggesting the possibility of a muscarinic cholinergic involvement in cVMS neuronal responses to changes in PCO2 and mCSF-pH. Acetylcholine (ACh) increased the activity of cVMS CO2-sensitive neurons by 237.5% +/- 34.9%, and naloxone applied topically to the cVMS augmented the ACh responsiveness to 338.6% +/- 52.7%. Physostigmine (PHY) increased neuronal activity by 254.3% +/- 42.9%, and this increase was augmented to 435.4% +/- 61.2% by naloxone. Although responses of the CO2-sensitive neurons to PHY were biphasic, the depressant phase failed to appear whenever the cVMS was pretreated with naloxone. Naloxone also augmented the responsiveness of cVMS neurons to increased H+ ion superfusion. These findings suggest that the endogenous opiates may be involved in the central regulation of respiration by interaction with CO2-sensitive cholinergic structures at the cVMS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
journal_name
Neurotoxicologyjournal_title
Neurotoxicologyauthors
Trouth CO,Millis RM,Bernard DG,Pan Y,Whittaker JA,Archer PWsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-01-01 00:00:00pages
459-67issue
4eissn
0161-813Xissn
1872-9711journal_volume
14pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NEUROTOXICOLOGY文献大全abstract::Paclitaxel, which is known to induce peripheral neuropathy in humans, was administered to BDF1 mice, and a neuropathological examination was then conducted. Paclitaxel was administered at a dose of 30 mg/kg once or several times at different intervals, 3 times, every 3 hours (q3hx3), every day (q1dx3), every 2 days (q...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is an organophosphorus insecticide that elicits toxicity through inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Young animals are markedly more sensitive than adults to the acute toxicity of CPF. We evaluated acetylcholine (ACh) release and its muscarinic receptor-mediated regulation (i.e. muscarinic au...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0161-813x(00)00009-7
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prior studies have reported that Pb exposure results in enhanced sensitivity to both D1 and D2 dopamine agonists as indicated by left shifts of the dose-effect functions for the discrimination of these agonists from saline in drug discrimination procedures (Cory-Slechta and Widzowski, 1991). To further determine mecha...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The potential health risks of cannabis are of growing concern, including effects on reproduction and development. Extensive research has investigated risks associated with maternal exposure to THC during gestation and its impacts on the development of offspring, but little research has been done regarding paternal THC...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2020.01.009
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The neurobehavioral consequences of inhalational exposure to carbon disulfide (CS2) were evaluated as part of a joint project between the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Behavioral changes in rats were measured using a functional observational battery (...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methylmercury (MeHg) is a human neurotoxin to which the developing fetal brain is especially sensitive. The lowest dose of MeHg that impairs neurodevelopment in the human fetus is not known. The Seychelles Child Development Study (SCDS) is testing the hypothesis that fetal MeHg exposure from a maternal diet high in oc...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The developing neuroendocrine system is thought to be a sensitive target for a number of environmental chemicals. Many of these chemicals act, not by directly damaging macromolecules but through the inappropriate modulation of normal cellular processes that regulate cell growth and differentiation patterns. As our kno...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cyclophosphamide chemotherapy is a mainstay of adjuvant breast cancer treatment. Unfortunately, this drug is associated with cognitive impairments in cancer patients that may accelerate cognitive aging. Memory is particularly affected in many patients. In order to better understand the precise cognitive impa...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2016.06.013
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous work has indicated that the neurotoxic action of environmentally relevant levels of lead (Pb) on dopaminergic neurons is primarily presynaptic in nature and related to impaired regulation of dopamine (DA) synthesis and decreased DA release. This study was conducted to assess the functional integrity of the re...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aluminum (Al) has been determined in autopsy brain samples (20 mg, dry weight) from 10 histologically verified Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and 10 neurologically normal controls using an improved graphite furnace atomic absorption method. The method makes use of a potassium dichromate matrix modifier to circumven...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is a need for in vitro tests for the evaluation of chemicals and pharmaceuticals that may cause developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) in humans. The neural embryonic stem cell test (ESTn) is such an in vitro test that mimics early neural differentiation. The aim of this study was to define the biological domain of E...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2019.09.014
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increasingly, the etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) has been linked to exposures to environmental toxicants. This epidemiologic pilot study used a self-administered questionnaire among 34 PD cases and 22 other neurology clinic control patients. All subjects were at least 40 years old. Risk factors investigated incl...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microtubule (Mt) populations show large differences in dynamic properties (i.e., turnover rates) among cell types, and even within the same cell type at different stages of the cell cycle or stages of differentiation. These differences in dynamic properties are correlated with altered sensitivity to Mt-disassembling d...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drinking water manganese (WMn) is a potential threat to children's health due to its associations with a wide range of outcomes including cognitive, behavioral and neuropsychological effects. Although adverse effects of Mn on cognitive function of the children indicate possible impact on their academic achievement lit...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2011.12.002
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Olfactory transport of represents an important mechanism for direct delivery of certain metals to the central nervous system (CNS). The objective of this study was to determine whether inhaled tungsten (W) undergoes olfactory uptake and transport to the rat brain. Male, 16-week-old, Sprague-Dawley rats underwent a sin...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2009.02.004
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined the significance of nerve microviscosity changes which occur in 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD) neurotoxicity. To establish a correlation between microviscosity changes and neuronal damage, a standard axonal neuropathy (nerve section) was employed. Electrophysiological studies of the sciatic-tibial nerve ...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1981-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peripheral neuropathy, a chronic complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), is often accompanied by the onset of severe pain symptoms that affect quality of life. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In the present study, we used Sprague-Dawley rats to establish a rodent model of the human type 1 DM by a si...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2018.12.006
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methylmercury (MeHg) toxicity in humans manifests deficits in neurological function. Cases of prenatal exposure to mercury have established that the developing nervous system is most highly susceptible to perturbation by MeHg. At a cellular level, MeHg-induced defects result from altered neuronal proliferation, migrat...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2006.04.005
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prediction of neurotoxic effects is a key feature in the toxicological profile of many compounds and therefore is required by regulatory testing schemes. Nowadays neurotoxicity assessment required by the OECD and EC test guidelines is based solely on in vivo testing, evaluating mainly effects on neurobehavior and neur...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type:
doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2008.02.008
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pyrethroids, including permethrin and deltamethrin (DLM), are very widely used of insecticides. It was hypothesized that lower plasma binding and increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration of DLM in immature rats contribute to the higher brain concentrations of DLM and more pronounced neurotoxicity reported in th...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2017.04.009
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methylmercury has been designated a "behavioral teratogen" because of its ability to evoke abnormalities in the absence of gross morphological damage to the developing brain. Recent work indicates that exposure to doses of methylmercury associated with neurobehavioral actions causes early alterations in brain ornithin...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to neurotoxic agents represents a concern of high priority in modern society. The nervous system can compensate for the toxic effects caused by low doses, but prolonged and lifetime exposure can also lead to delayed neurodegenerative effects for very low levels. The reported frequency of neurodegenerative dis...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2009.10.003
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bortezomib is a proteasome inhibitor with a remarkable antitumor activity, used in the clinic as first line treatment for multiple myeloma. One hallmark of bortezomib mechanism of action in neoplastic cells is the inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), a transcription factor involved in cell survival and prolife...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2016.05.004
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nonylphenols (NP) are endocrine-disruptors known to be widely present in our environment. This study evaluated the effects of 4-n-NP on neurobehavioral development and memory capacity after perinatal exposure on the offspring rats. Dams were gavaged with 4-n-NP (0, 50 and 200mg/kg/day) from gestational day 5 to postna...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2014.07.002
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chaperones in the endoplasmic reticulum play vital roles in the folding, assembly, and post-translational modification of secretory proteins and also recycle, refold, or initiate degradation of misfolded proteins. Chaperone deficiencies in either amount or function are implicated in the etiology or pathogenesis of Alz...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2012.02.007
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Questionnaires are one of the most common methodologies used in research on neurobehavioural effects in occupational and environmental health, most commonly for gathering information on demographic characteristics, psychological or neurological symptoms, mood state, or exposure to hazards. Questionnaires are self-repo...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2006.03.009
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The estimation of risk for health effects due to chemical exposure is important to the development of standards for regulating the manufacture, use and release of chemicals into the environment. The quantitative data used to develop risk estimates usually come from laboratory animal studies employing relatively high d...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose the present study was to determine if tolerance is developed to all behavioural effects produced by a single high dose of chlorpyrifos (CPF). For this, the study was divided in two phases; in the first phase, we studied the time course of the effects produced by treatment with a high dose of CPF (250 mg/kg...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2007.01.013
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parkinson disease is a specific form of neurodegeneration characterized by a loss of nigra-striatal dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain of humans. The disease is also characterized by an increase in oxidative stress and a loss of glutathione in the midbrain region. A potential link between all these factors is the ox...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2009.07.006
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Among the adverse health effects of exposure to pesticides, an association with diabetes has been reported. However, there is a lack of epidemiologic studies on the health effects of exposure to pesticides, particularly investigating the association between occupational pesticide exposure and diabetes preval...
journal_title:Neurotoxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2018.10.007
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00