Abstract:
:Three homeobox genes, one from Drosophila melanogaster (Drosophila Hmx gene) and two from mouse (murine Hmx2 and Hmx3) were isolated and the full-length cDNAs and corresponding genomic structures were characterized. The striking homeodomain similarity encoded by these three genes to previously identified genes in sea urchin, chick and human, as well as the recently cloned murine Hmx1 gene, and the low homology to other homeobox genes indicate that the Hmx genes comprise a novel gene family. The widespread existence of Hmx genes in the animal kingdom suggests that this gene family is of ancient origin. Drosophila Hmx was mapped to the 90B5 region of Chromosome 3 and at early embryonic stages is primarily expressed in distinct areas of the neuroectoderm and subsets of neuroblasts in the developing fly brain. Later its expression continues in rostral areas of the brain in a segmented pattern, suggesting a putative role in the development of the Drosophila central nervous system. During evolution, mouse Hmx2 and Hmx3 may have retained a primary function in central nervous system development as suggested by their expression in the postmitotic cells of the neural tube, as well as in the hypothalamus, the mesencephalon, metencephalon and discrete regions in the myelencephalon during embryogenesis. Hmx1 has diverged from other Hmx members by its expression in the dorsal root, sympathetic and vagal nerve (X) ganglia. Aside from their expression in the developing nervous system, all three Hmx genes display expression in sensory organ development, and in the adult uterus. Hmx2 and Hmx3 show identical expression in the otic vesicle, whereas Hmx1 is strongly expressed in the developing eye. Transgenic mouse lines were generated to examine the DNA regulatory elements controlling Hmx2 and Hmx3. Transgenic constructs spanning more than 31 kb of genomic DNA gave reproducible expression patterns in the developing central and peripheral nervous systems, eye, ear and other tissues, yet failed to fully recapitulate the endogenous expression pattern of either Hmx2 or Hmx3, suggesting both the presence and absence of certain critical enhancers in the transgenes, or the requirement of proximal enhancers to work synergistically.
journal_name
Mech Devjournal_title
Mechanisms of developmentauthors
Wang W,Lo P,Frasch M,Lufkin Tdoi
10.1016/s0925-4773(00)00488-3subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-12-01 00:00:00pages
123-37issue
1-2eissn
0925-4773issn
1872-6356pii
S0925477300004883journal_volume
99pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Homeobox genes regulate multiple aspects of mouse development including the axial patterning in the central nervous system. Some of the more divergent members of this gene family are expressed in the anterior region of the central nervous system where the Hox genes are not expressed. We previously reported the isolati...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0925-4773(94)90089-2
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have identified a novel chicken gene, cMespo, which encodes a basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) protein with sequence homology to a subgroup of bHLH transcription factors that have been implicated in somitogenesis. cMespo transcripts are first found in the primitive streak of gastrulating chick embryos (HH stage 4) and...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(00)00424-x
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have identified a short segment of the mouse Pax-6 gene 5' flanking region that is necessary and sufficient for reporter construct expression in components of the eye derived from non-neural ectoderm. This transcriptional control element has a highly conserved nucleotide sequence over 341 bp and is located approxim...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(98)00057-4
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gastrulation in vertebrates is a highly dynamic process driven by convergent extension movements of internal mesodermal cells, under the regulatory activity of the Spemann-Mangold or gastrula organizer. In a large-scale screen for genes expressed in the organizer, we have isolated a novel gene, termed Xmc, an acronym ...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(01)00664-5
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Each sensory organ of the Drosophila peripheral nervous system is derived from a single sensory organ precursor cell (SOP). These originate in territories defined by expression of the proneural genes of the Achaete-Scute complex (AS-C). Formation of ectopic sensilla outside these regions is prevented by transcriptiona...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(02)00183-1
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development of skeletal muscle in vertebrate embryos is controlled by a transcriptional cascade involving the four myogenic regulatory factors. In the somites of the mouse embryo the order of expression is thought to be Myf5, Myogenin, Mrf4 and MyoD. We have re-examined the expression pattern of Mrf4 and show that...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(02)00208-3
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of signal perturbation on expression domains of molecular markers for the mesoderm and ectoderm have been analysed across the dorso-ventral axis in zebrafish embryos. Injection of RNA encoding bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) ventralised the embryo, expanding the intermediate mesoderm and non-neural ec...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(97)00659-x
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cell-to-cell communication is absolutely essential for multicellular organisms. Both animals and plants use chemicals called hormones for intercellular signaling. However, multicellularity of plants and animals has evolved independently, which led to establishment of distinct strategies in order to cope with variation...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mod.2012.02.003
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::pebble (pbl) is required for cytokinesis during postblastoderm mitoses (Hime, G., Saint, R., 1992. Zygotic expression of the pebble locus is required for cytokinesis during the postblastoderm mitoses of Drosophila. Development 114, 165-171; Lehner, C.F., 1992. The pebble gene is required for cytokinesis in Drosophila....
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(99)00233-6
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Early in the development of the imaginal wing disc of Drosophila, the LIM-HD gene tailup (islet), together with the HD genes of the iroquois complex, specify the notum territory of the disc. Later, tailup has been shown to act as a prepattern gene that antagonizes formation of sensory bristles on the notum of this fly...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mod.2010.05.001
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We describe the identification and expression pattern of Xenopus frizzled 4 (Xfz4) gene during early development. Xfz4 protein presents characteristic features of a frizzled family member. The mature protein sequence of Xfz4 is 93% identical to murine Mfz4. Xfz4 is a maternal mRNA, its expression level remains constan...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(00)00294-x
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hox gene expression imparts segment identity to body structures along the anterior-posterior axis and is tightly governed by higher order chromatin mechanisms. Chromatin regulatory features of the homeotic complex are best defined in Drosophila melanogaster, where multiple cis-regulatory elements have been identified ...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mod.2015.07.015
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have investigated the mechanisms by which the epithelial apicolateral junctional complex (AJC) is generated during trophectoderm differentiation in the mouse blastocyst using molecular, structural and functional analyses. The mature AJC comprises an apical tight junction (TJ), responsible for intercellular sealing ...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(00)00416-0
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Skeletal muscle regeneration requires processes different from developmental myogenesis. One important difference is a requirement of inflammatory reactions prior to regenerative myogenesis, by which injured muscle fibers must be eliminated to make new myotubes. In this study, we show that efficient elimination of inj...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mod.2014.12.001
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In multicellular organisms, very little is known about the role of mRNA stability in development, and few proteins involved in degradation pathways have been characterized. We have identified the Drosophila homologue of XRN1, which is the major cytoplasmic 5'-3' exoribonuclease in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The protein...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(98)00173-7
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::SPOCK is a modular proteoglycan, with homology with proteins involved in cell adhesion processes and neurogenesis. We have previously shown that SPOCK transcripts predominate in the adult mouse brain. Here, we report its expression during mouse embryonic development by in situ hybridization, and immunocytochemistry. S...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(99)00255-5
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Smad5, together with Smad1 and Smad8, have been implicated as downstream signal mediators for several bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). Recent studies have shown that primordial germ cells (PGCs) are absent or greatly reduced in Bmp4 or Bmp8b mutant mice. To define the role of Smad5 in PGC development, we examined P...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(01)00367-7
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tribolium castaneum is a well-characterised model insect, whose short germ-band mode of embryonic development is characteristic of many insect species and differs from the exhaustively studied Drosophila. Mechanisms of early neurogenesis, however, show significant conservation with Drosophila, as a characteristic patt...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mod.2013.02.003
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have sequenced and defined the expression during rat embryogenesis of the protocadherin fat, the murine homologue of a Drosophila tumour suppressor gene. As previously described for human fat, the sequence encodes a large protocadherin with 34 cadherin repeats, five epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like repeats contai...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(98)00217-2
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cortactin is a Src substrate that interacts with F-actin and can stimulate actin polymerization by direct interaction with the Arp2/3 complex. We have isolated complete loss-of-function mutants of the single Drosophila cortactin gene. Mutants are viable and fertile, showing that cortactin is not an essential gene. How...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mod.2003.10.003
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vertebrates display striking left-right asymmetries in the placement of internal organs, which are concealed by a seemingly bilaterally symmetric body plan. The establishment of asymmetries about the left-right axis occurs early during embryo development and requires the concerted and sequential action of several epig...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mod.2004.05.005
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drosophila melanogaster possesses a single gene, Dm myb, that is closely related to the vertebrate family of Myb genes, which encode transcription factors involved in regulatory decisions affecting cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. In proliferating cells, the Dm myb gene product, DMyb, promotes both S...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(03)00044-3
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fetal liver is the major embryonic hematopoietic organ and is extrinsically colonized by circulating hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Integrin beta-1 expression on HSCs is crucial for colonization, suggesting that interaction of Integrin beta-1 with extra-cellular matrix (ECM) factors promotes HSC adherence to fetal l...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mod.2012.09.003
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transcription of the human interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (IRBP) gene is strictly tissue specific, being restricted to retinal photoreceptors and pinealocytes. We have previously demonstrated that a sequence named A element, in the IRBP promoter is essential for IRBP gene transcription in vivo. Here we de...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(98)00162-2
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cell fate specification during inner ear development is dependent upon regional gene expression within the otic vesicle. One of the earliest cell fate determination steps in this system is the specification of neural precursors, and regulators of this process include the Atonal-related basic helix-loop-helix genes, Ng...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mod.2004.12.011
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In mouse Otx2 plays essential roles in anterior-posterior axis formation and head development in anterior visceral endoderm and anterior mesendoderm. The Otx2 expression in these sites is regulated by VE and CM enhancers at the 5' proximal to the translation start site, and we proposed that these enhancers would have ...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mod.2011.11.001
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cadherins are Ca(+2)-dependent cell surface proteins involved in the specification of the adhesive properties of cells. They are supposed to play a critical role in morphogenesis and pattern formation. In this paper we show that in the sea urchin embryo there are at least two different cadherins of relative molecular ...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0925-4773(93)90054-2
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several lines of evidence suggest that the origin of pattern formation of Drosophila embryos must be traced back to oogenesis, to the polarity of the egg chamber. A few early-acting genes, K10, top, grk and cni, have been identified which are assumed to function in a signal transduction process between the germline oo...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0925-4773(93)90041-u
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The sex determining gene, Sry, determines the sex of the organism by initiating development of a testis rather than an ovary from the cells of the bipotential gonad. In the 10 years since the discovery of Sry, new genes and cellular pathways that operate in the establishment of the gonadal primordium and the initiatio...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(99)00327-5
更新日期:2000-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::DCoH, the dimerization cofactor of the HNF-1 homeodomain proteins (hepatocyte nuclear factor-1alpha and beta), is involved in gene expression by associating with these transcription factors. The protein also called PCD for pterin-4alpha-carbinolamine dehydratase is a bifunctional factor as it catalyzes also the regene...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(99)00269-5
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00