Abstract：
:Vertebrates display striking left-right asymmetries in the placement of internal organs, which are concealed by a seemingly bilaterally symmetric body plan. The establishment of asymmetries about the left-right axis occurs early during embryo development and requires the concerted and sequential action of several epigenetic, genetic and cellular mechanisms. Experiments in the chick embryo model have contributed crucially to our current understanding of such mechanisms and are reviewed here. Particular emphasis is given to the elucidation of a genetic network that conveys left-right information from Hensen's node to the organ primordia, characterized to a significant degree of detail in the chick embryo. We also point out a number of early and late events in the determination of left-right asymmetries that are currently poorly understood and for whose study the chick embryo model presents several advantages. We anticipate that the availability of the chick genome sequence will be combined with multidisciplinary approaches from experimental embryology, biophysics, live-cell imaging, and mathematical modeling to boost up our knowledge of left-right organ asymmetry in the near future.
journal_name
Mech Devjournal_title
Mechanisms of developmentauthors
Raya A,Izpisua Belmonte JCdoi
10.1016/j.mod.2004.05.005subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-09-01 00:00:00pages
1043-54issue
9eissn
0925-4773issn
1872-6356pii
S0925477304001315journal_volume
121pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Homeobox genes regulate multiple aspects of mouse development including the axial patterning in the central nervous system. Some of the more divergent members of this gene family are expressed in the anterior region of the central nervous system where the Hox genes are not expressed. We previously reported the isolati...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0925-4773(94)90089-2
更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hairless is a dominant loss of function mutation in Drosophila affecting the formation of adult sensory organs. In the mutants, neuronal precursor cells do not differentiate, suggesting that Hairless might be involved in specifying or realizing neuronal fate in the fly, similar to the 'pro-neural' genes of the achaete...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0925-4773(92)90006-6
更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Skeletal muscle regeneration requires processes different from developmental myogenesis. One important difference is a requirement of inflammatory reactions prior to regenerative myogenesis, by which injured muscle fibers must be eliminated to make new myotubes. In this study, we show that efficient elimination of inj...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mod.2014.12.001
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study compares by immunogold labeling the ultrastructural localization of a hexameric 22S glycoprotein, called toposome, with that of hyalin in unfertilized eggs and cells of hatched sea urchin blastulae. Nearly all hyalin is present in the electron translucent compartment of the cortical granules and in the tran...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0925-4773(91)90079-l
更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The induction of sensory organ placodes, in particular the lens placode, represents the paradigm for induction. We show that medaka Sox3 is expressed in the neuroectoderm and in the placodes of all sensory organs prior to placode formation and subsequently in placode-derived tissues. Ectopic Sox3 expression leads to e...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(00)00356-7
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:DEADSouth was selected in a screen for localized RNAs in Xenopus oocytes. In situ hybridization analysis shows that DEADSouth localizes to the vegetal cortex via the mitochondrial cloud early in oogenesis and segregates with germ plasm during early embryogenesis. These results lend further support for the general conc...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(00)00357-9
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:XLPOU91, a POU-homeobox gene is expressed in a narrow window during early Xenopus development. We show that ectopic expression of XLPOU91 RNA causes severe posterior truncations in embryos without inhibiting the formation of Spemann's organizer. Ectopic XLPOU91 expression also inhibits mesoderm induction by fibroblast...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(98)00006-9
更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have made a null mutation in the mouse activin beta B gene by deleting the portion of the gene encoding the proteolytic cleavage site and the majority of the coding region for the mature processed protein. Mice homozygous for this mutation complete embryogenesis and are completely viable. Approximately 40% of the h...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0925-4773(94)90094-9
更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Drosophila melanogaster possesses a single gene, Dm myb, that is closely related to the vertebrate family of Myb genes, which encode transcription factors involved in regulatory decisions affecting cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. In proliferating cells, the Dm myb gene product, DMyb, promotes both S...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(03)00044-3
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The p53 family network is a unique cellular processor that integrates information from various pathways and determines cellular choices between proliferation, replication arrest/repair, differentiation, senescence, or apoptosis. The most studied role of the p53 family is the regulation of stress response and tumor sup...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mod.2008.09.003
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The maturation of T cells is an intricate process involving the interaction of developing thymocytes with discrete microenvironments within the thymus. Numerous studies have indicated that distinct thymic compartments provide signals required for each stage of thymocyte maturation. In this study we performed a compreh...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(03)00121-7
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The transcription factor scleraxis (SCX) is expressed throughout tendon development and plays a key role in directing tendon wound healing. However, little is known regarding its role in fetal or young postnatal tendons, stages in development that are known for their enhanced regenerative capabilities. Here we used RN...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mod.2020.103635
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:COUP-TFs (Chicken Ovalbumin Upstream Promoter Transcription Factors) have been proposed to be negative regulators of retinoid receptor-mediated transcriptional activation. In a previous paper we reported the cloning of a Xenopus (x) COUP-TF (Matharu, P.J. and Sweeney, G.E. (1992) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1129, 331-334)....
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0925-4773(95)00471-8
更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mammalian cell culture studies have shown that several members of the nuclear receptor super family such as glucocorticoid receptor, retinoic acid receptor and thyroid hormone receptor can repress the activity of AP-1 proteins by a mechanism that does not require the nuclear receptor to bind to DNA directly, but that ...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(02)00116-8
更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During the final stages of embryogenesis, the Drosophila embryo exhibits a dorsal hole covered by a simple epithelium of large cells termed the amnioserosa (AS). Dorsal closure is the process whereby this hole is closed through the coordination of cellular activities within both the AS and the epidermis. Genetic analy...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mod.2007.09.002
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several lines of evidence suggest that the origin of pattern formation of Drosophila embryos must be traced back to oogenesis, to the polarity of the egg chamber. A few early-acting genes, K10, top, grk and cni, have been identified which are assumed to function in a signal transduction process between the germline oo...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0925-4773(93)90041-u
更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Drosophila fat facets and canoe genes regulate non-neural cell fate decisions during ommatidium formation. We have shown previously that the FAM (fat facets in mouse) de-ubiquitinating enzyme regulates the function of AF-6, (mammalian canoe homologue), in the MDCK epithelial cell line (Taya et al., 1998. The Ras t...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(99)00294-4
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The development of skeletal muscle in vertebrate embryos is controlled by a transcriptional cascade involving the four myogenic regulatory factors. In the somites of the mouse embryo the order of expression is thought to be Myf5, Myogenin, Mrf4 and MyoD. We have re-examined the expression pattern of Mrf4 and show that...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(02)00208-3
更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:HNF1 (Hepatic Nuclear Factor 1) and vHNF1 are transcriptional regulators containing a highly divergent homeodomain. The first was initially found in liver nuclear extracts and is crucial for the transcription of albumin and many other hepatocyte specific genes, while the second was found in dedifferentiated hepatoma c...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0925-4773(91)90071-d
更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The polyhomeotic (ph) gene of Drosophila is a member of the Polycomb group of genes and encodes a chromatin protein required for negative regulation of homeotic genes and other loci, in particular the ph locus itself. We have studied the genetic control of ph transcription during development. Early ph expression is un...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0925-4773(95)00412-t
更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exogenously applied retinoic acid given at the early stages of gastrulation causes abnormal development of the caudal midbrain and anterior hindbrain in vertebrate embryos. We describe the limits of the brain regions that are affected using neuroanatomical criteria in the zebrafish embryo. Analysis of the reticulospin...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0925-4773(94)00321-d
更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Haploinsufficiency for the HMG-box transcription factor SOX2 results in abnormalities of the human ventral forebrain and its derivative structures. These defects include anophthalmia (absence of eye), microphthalmia (small eye) and hypothalamic hamartoma (HH), an overgrowth of the ventral hypothalamus. To determine ho...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mod.2012.04.001
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although the molecular mechanisms directing anteroposterior patterning of the Drosophila embryo (long-germband mode) are well understood, how these mechanisms were evolved from an ancestral mode of insect embryogenesis remains largely unknown. In order to gain insight into mechanisms of evolution in insect embryogenes...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mod.2004.10.001
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Extramacrochaetae (emc) gene encodes a transcription factor with an HLH domain without the basic region involved in interaction with DNA present in other proteins that have this domain. EMC forms heterodimers with bHLH proteins preventing their binding to DNA, acting as a negative regulator. The function of emc is...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(98)00198-1
更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:ActR-I is a type I serine/threonine kinase receptor which has been shown to bind activin and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). To study the function of ActR-I, we have generated novel monoclonal antibodies that specifically recognize the extracellular domain of mouse ActR-I. We examined the level of ActR-I protein d...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(99)00320-2
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Proteoglycans are cell surface and extracellular matrix molecules to which long, unbranched glycosaminoglycan side chains are attached. Heparan sulphate, a type of glycosaminoglycan chain, has been proposed as a co-factor necessary for signalling by a range of growth factors. Here we provide evidence that loss of 2-O-...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mod.2003.08.008
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Formation of tubular structures from an epithelial tissue is a process common to many morphogenetic events during organogenesis. We report here new data concerning the expression pattern of the vHNF1/HNF1beta gene during this process in the mouse. vHNF1 (variant Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1) is a member of the HNF1 hom...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(99)00221-x
更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To investigate the origin and nature of the signals responsible for specification of the dermatomal lineage, excised axial organs in 2-day-old chick embryos were replaced by grafts of the dorsal neural tube, or the ventral neural tube plus the notochord, or aggregates of cells engineered to produce Sonic hedgehog (Shh...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(00)00540-2
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mouse embryos lacking Gsc and Dkk1 function display severe deficiencies in craniofacial structures which are not found in either Dkk1 homozygous null or Gsc homozygous null mutant embryos. Loss of Gsc has a dosage-related effect on the severity of head truncation phenotype in Dkk1 heterozygous embryos. The synergistic...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mod.2006.10.001
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The recessive mutant mouse jumonji (jmj), obtained by a gene trap strategy, shows neural tube defects in approximately half of homozygotes with a Balb/cA and 129/Ola mixed background. Here, we show that no neural tube defects are observed with a Balb/cA background. We also found hypoplasia of the liver, thymus and spl...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(97)00082-8
更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00
