Abstract：
:We used H(2)15O positron emission tomography (PET) to measure age-related changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) during a verbal recognition memory task. Twelve young adults (20 to 29 years) and 12 older adults (62 to 79 years) participated. Separate PET scans were conducted during Encoding, Baseline, and Retrieval conditions. Each of the conditions involved viewing a series of 64 words and making a two-choice response manually. The complete reaction time (RT) distributions in each task condition were characterized in terms of an ex-Gaussian model (convolution of exponential and Gaussian functions). Parameter estimates were obtained for the mean of the exponential component (tau), representing a task-specific decision process and the mean of the Gaussian component (mu) representing residual sensory coding and response processes. Independently of age group, both tau and mu were higher in the Encoding and Retrieval conditions than in the Baseline condition, and tau was higher during Retrieval than during Encoding. Age-related slowing in task performance was evident primarily in mu. For young adults, rCBF activation in the right prefrontal cortex, in the Retrieval condition, was correlated positively with mu but not with tau. For older adults, rCBF changes (both increases and decreases) in several cortical regions were correlated with both mu and tau. The data suggest that the attentional demands of this task are relatively greater for older adults and consequently lead to the recruitment of additional neural systems during task performance.
journal_name
J Cogn Neuroscijournal_title
Journal of cognitive neuroscienceauthors
Madden DJ,Gottlob LR,Denny LL,Turkington TG,Provenzale JM,Hawk TC,Coleman REdoi
10.1162/089892999563571subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-09-01 00:00:00pages
511-20issue
5eissn
0898-929Xissn
1530-8898journal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Abstract To study environmental modulation of synaptic molecular structure, the major postsynaptic density protein (mPSDp) from rat visual cortex was monitored. This membrane component, a Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase subunit, was measured during normal postnatal development and after visual deprivation. ...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/jocn.1991.3.3.252
更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although the amygdala's role in processing facial expressions of fear has been well established, its role in the processing of other emotions is unclear. In particular, evidence for the amygdala's involvement in processing expressions of happiness and sadness remains controversial. To clarify this issue, we constructe...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/089892904322926782
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Significant advances in cognitive neuroscience can be achieved by combining techniques used to measure behavior and brain activity with neural modeling. Here we apply this approach to the initiation of rapid eye movements (saccades), which are used to redirect the visual axis to targets of interest. It is well known t...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/089892901564306
更新日期：2001-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Abstract Parapsychology is the scientific investigation of apparently paranormal mental phenomena (such as telepathy, i.e., "mind reading"), also known as psi. Despite widespread public belief in such phenomena and over 75 years of experimentation, there is no compelling evidence that psi exists. In the present study,...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/jocn.2008.20.1.182
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The occipito-temporal cortex is strongly implicated in carrying out the high-level computations associated with vision. In human neuroimaging studies, focal regions are consistently found within this broad region that respond strongly and selectively to faces, bodies, or objects. A notable feature of these selective r...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1162/jocn_a_00091
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Visual agnosia is a neuropsychological syndrome characterized by a failure of object identification. Apperceptive agnosia, an object identification deficit caused by damage to early perceptual processes, has been explained by appealing to both damaged early sensory processes and to damaged preattentive grouping proces...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/089892998562979
更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Blocking the capacity to speak aloud (overt speech arrest, SA) may be induced by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). The possibility, however, of blocking internal speech (covert SA) has not been explored. To investigate this issue, we conducted two rTMS experiments. In the first experiment, we stimul...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1162/0898929054021157
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A neural correlate for phrase boundary perception in music has recently been identified in musicians. It is called music closure positive shift ("music CPS") and has an equivalent in the perception of speech ("language CPS"). The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of musical expertise and differ...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/089892906775990642
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cognitive neuroscience exploring the architecture of semantics has shown that coherent supramodal concepts are computed in the anterior temporal lobes (ATL), but it is unknown how/where modular information implemented by posterior cortices (word/object/face forms) is conveyed to the ATL hub. We investigated the semant...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/jocn_a_01549
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Forming a memory often entails the association of recent experience with present events. This recent experience is usually an information-rich and dynamic representation of the world around us. We here show that associating a static cue with a previously shown dynamic stimulus yields a detectable, dynamic representati...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/jocn_a_01304
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Auditory cortical processing of speech-like sounds was studied in 9 dyslexic and 11 normal-reading adults. Noise/square-wave sequences, mimicking transitions from a fricative consonant to a vowel, were presented binaurally once every 1.1 sec and the cortical responses were recorded with a whole-scalp neuromagnetometer...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/08989290260138654
更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Feedback processing is important for learning and therefore may affect the consolidation of skills. Considerable research demonstrates electrophysiological differences between correct and incorrect feedback, but how we learn from small versus large errors is usually overlooked. This study investigated electrophysiolog...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1162/jocn_a_00543
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Coordinated studies of adults, infants, and nonhuman animals provide evidence for two systems of nonverbal number representation: a "parallel individuation" system that represents individual items and a "numerical magnitude" system that represents the approximate cardinal value of a group. However, there is considerab...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/jocn.2010.21581
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alpha oscillations (8-14 Hz) are proposed to represent an active mechanism of functional inhibition of neuronal processing. Specifically, alpha oscillations are associated with pulses of inhibition repeating every ∼100 msec. Whether alpha phase, similar to alpha power, is under top-down control remains unclear. Moreov...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/jocn_a_01280
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although the dominant approach posits that developmental dyslexia arises from deficits in systems that are exclusively linguistic in nature (i.e., phonological deficit theory), dyslexics show a variety of lower level deficits in sensory and attentional processing. Although their link to the reading disorder remains co...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/jocn.2009.21232
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Visual imagery is a basic form of cognition central to activities such as problem solving or creative thinking. Phenomena such as mental rotation, in which mental images undergo spatial transformations, and motion imagery, in which we imagine objects in motion, are very elusive. For example, although several aspects o...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/089892903322598184
更新日期：2003-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Sound waves emitted by two or more simultaneous sources reach the ear as one complex waveform. Auditory scene analysis involves parsing a complex waveform into separate perceptual representations of the sound sources [Bregman, A. S. Auditory scene analysis: The perceptual organization of sounds. London: MIT Press, 199...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/jocn_a_00764
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Emotional attention, the boosting of the processing of emotionally relevant stimuli, has, up to now, mainly been investigated within a sensory modality, for instance, by using emotional pictures to modulate visual attention. In real-life environments, however, humans typically encounter simultaneous input to several d...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/jocn.2009.21110
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Effective goal-directed behavior relies on a network of regions including anterior cingulate cortex and ventral striatum to learn from negative outcomes in order to improve performance. We employed fMRI to determine if this frontal-striatal system is also involved in instances of behavior that do not presume negative ...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/jocn.2008.21169
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Long-term spatial contextual memories are a rich source of predictions about the likely locations of relevant objects in the environment and should enable tuning of neural processing of unfolding events to optimize perception and action. Of particular importance is whether and how the reward outcome of past events can...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/jocn_a_00314
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Humans display a remarkable capacity to use tools instead of their biological effectors. Yet, little is known about the mechanisms that support these behaviors. Here, participants learned to grasp objects, appearing in a variety of orientations, with a novel, handheld mechanical tool. Following training, psychophysica...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/jocn.2009.21372
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is substantial evidence that object representations in adults are dynamically updated by learning. However, it is not clear to what extent these effects are induced by active processing of visual objects in a particular task context on top of the effects of mere exposure to the same objects. Here we show that th...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/jocn.2009.21089
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability to inhibit saccades toward suddenly appearing peripheral stimuli (prosaccades) and direct them to contralateral locations instead (antisaccades) is a crucial marker of eye movement control. Typically developing infants as young as 4-month-olds can learn to inhibit reflexive saccades to peripheral stimuli, ...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/0898929053467523
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ventral occipito-temporal cortex is known to play a major role in visual object recognition. Still unknown is whether object familiarity and semantic domain are critical factors in its functional organization. Most models assume a functional locus where exemplars of familiar categories are represented: the structural ...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/jocn.2011.21629
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Complex auditory exposures in ambient environments include systems of not only linguistic but also musical sounds. Because musical exposure is often passive, consisting of listening rather than performing, examining listeners without formal musical training allows for the investigation of the effects of passive exposu...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/jocn_a_00105
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous work has suggested that familiarity/novelty of learned materials affects the circuitry involved in memory, primarily in the size of activations rather than the pattern of activation. Although this work has examined both recall and recognition, it has been limited to verbal material. In this study, we set out ...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/089892900562084
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lesion and neuroimaging studies suggest that orbito-frontal cortex (OFC) supports temporal aspects of episodic memory. However, it is unclear whether OFC contributes to the encoding and/or retrieval of temporal context and whether it is selective for temporal relative to nontemporal (spatial) context memory. We addres...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/jocn.2009.21316
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Action execution-perception links (mirror mechanism) have been repeatedly suggested to play crucial roles in social cognition. Remarkably, the designs of most studies exploring this topic so far excluded even the simplest traces of social interaction, such as a movement of the observer toward another individual. This ...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/jocn_a_00602
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two primary functions attributed to the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) network are retaining the temporal and spatial associations of events and detecting deviant events. It is unclear, however, how these two functions converge into one mechanism. Here, we tested whether increased activity with perceiving sal...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/jocn_a_01392
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The use of prescription stimulants to enhance healthy cognition has significant social, ethical, and public health implications. The large number of enhancement users across various ages and occupations emphasizes the importance of examining these drugs' efficacy in a nonclinical sample. The present meta-analysis was ...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1162/jocn_a_00776
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
