Abstract:
:During the past 5 years, as the failure properties of silicone gel breast implants have emerged, there has been considerable interest in measuring the levels of silicone and silicon in blood, serum, breast milk, and body tissues. Assays have been done in control patients without implant exposure, and in patients with silicone gel implants in an attempt to predict implant failure. Nuclear magnetic resonance measurements of silicone compounds have not been helpful because of their low sensitivity of detection. However, all compounds containing the element silicon, which includes silicone, have been measured accurately. Modern techniques, such as electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry, direct-current plasma emission spectrometry, and inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy have allowed precise measurement of silicon in body fluids and tissues. Using these techniques, recent studies have demonstrated consistent levels of silicon in the blood and plasma of control women without exposure to implants. In one study, plasma silicon was shown to be 140 +/- 10 ng per milliliter. In four other studies, serum silicon levels in control patients were the following: mean, 130 +/- 70 ng per milliliter; mean, 170 +/- 100 ng per milliliter; median, 100 ng per milliliter (range, 30-209 ng per milliliter); and 10 to 250 ng per milliliter. Three independent studies have shown that women with silicone gel implants have higher blood and serum silicon levels than control subjects, but their values were still within the range of control subjects. One study has shown that the mean silicon level in breast milk was not significantly different between 15 implant patients and 34 control patients. The measurement of silicon in control breast tissue has shown consistent results in three different studies, with most tests varying from <0.2 to 2.2 microg per gram dry weight. Three studies have shown that capsules from women with silicone gel breast implants had markedly elevated silicon levels compared with control breast tissue. Median silicon levels varied from 9,980 to 14,390 microg per gram dry weight. There was no significant difference in capsule silicon level between intact and ruptured implants or associated with implant duration in situ or year of implantation. Four studies have shown that capsules from saline implants had elevated levels of silicon compared with control tissue, but their silicon levels were much lower than those of gel implants. The median levels of silicon in the capsules of these studies were as follows: 7.7, 71.5, 198, and 1,100 microg per gram dry weight. Based on current knowledge, because of the large variability among patients, the use of silicon measurements in blood, serum, breast milk, or implant capsule tissue has no clinical role for the effective monitoring of implant leakage in women with silicone gel breast implants.
journal_name
Ann Plast Surgjournal_title
Annals of plastic surgeryauthors
Peters W,Smith D,Lugowski Sdoi
10.1097/00000637-199909000-00020subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-09-01 00:00:00pages
324-30issue
3eissn
0148-7043issn
1536-3708journal_volume
43pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::We present a case of a 32-year-old white women, affected by breast cancer and treated with mastectomy, who underwent immediate breast reconstruction with a tissue expander. She presented a periprosthetic infection from Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus, GAS) after scarlet fever. S. pyogenes may be responsi...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/SAP.0b013e31804636cf
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although aging changes of the female perioral region and aesthetic procedures for perioral rejuvenation are described in literature, specific data for the male population are lacking. This study aims to evaluate perioral aging process in the male population to compare quality and quantity of the observed cha...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/SAP.0000000000000931
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Scalp melanoma is aggressive and has a proclivity for regional metastasis. We hypothesize that subperiosteal scalp melanoma resection reduces in-transit/satellite recurrence, when compared with subgaleal resection. METHODS:We identified patients with intermediate to deep, primary scalp melanoma referred to ...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/SAP.0b013e31822592e7
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Local fascial flaps independently are a versatile option, reliable when properly designed, and technically simple to execute especially when compared to microsurgical tissue transfers. Although free flaps continue to be the method of choice to repair major distal extremity defects, for smaller wounds it could be prefe...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000637-199704000-00014
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Augmentation and corrective malarplasty are relatively new procedures that require careful preoperative evaluation to ensure that the effect produced will blend harmoniously with the existing facial structure. A variety of implant types and materials are available to accommodate varying needs, and several surgical app...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000637-197904000-00008
更新日期:1979-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper describes a new method of creating a natural anterior hairline using microsurgical free scalp flaps. This operative method is a one-stage procedure and the new hairline has normal hair density and natural hair direction. The donor flap is raised mainly from the parietooccipital portion of the scalp. The met...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000637-198007000-00004
更新日期:1980-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Blepharoptosis surgery is one of the most common oculoplastic procedures, and the aim is to clear the visual axis. Many surgical techniques for the correction of ptosis have been described and performed, but the operative approach is based on the extent of eyelid excursion, the amount of levator function, and the degr...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/SAP.0b013e3181de838a
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:According to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (2007), the number of cosmetic procedures has increased to over 10 million in 2006, representing a 48% increase from 2000. This increase in cosmetic surgery prevalence is paralleled by a surge in reality cosmetic surgery television programming. METHODS:T...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/SAP.0b013e31817e2cb8
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Keloid disease is known to have variable clinical behavior in response to therapy and there is no clinicopathologic classification that predicts such varied behavior. The aim of this study was to study the effect of excision margins and other histopathologic characteristics on keloid prognosis.Seventy-five multiethnic...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/SAP.0b013e31819b6c3a
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to examine our hypotheses that botulinum toxin A (BoTA) protect necrosis of perforator flap from perforator twisting. METHODS:Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into 2 groups. Twelve International Units of BoTA versus 1.2 mL normal saline was injected subdermally 3 days before...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/SAP.0000000000000563
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The perforator flaps are characterized by their thinness and the adjustable length of their vascular pedicle. The purpose of this investigation is to refine the anatomy of the perforators in the middorsoradial forearm and present our clinical experience using this free perforator flap in the reconstruction of finger d...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/SAP.0b013e3181d3772e
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Superficial temporal artery (STA) aneurysms are a medical rarity. There are less than 200 patients reported in the literature. The majority of cases are of traumatic etiology and occur in young men. The senior authors reported a case of STA aneurysm in 1978. We now review the literature and report on three additional ...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00000637-199806000-00018
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Outcome evaluation of midcarpal arthrodesis in the treatment of scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse (SNAC-wrist) and scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC-wrist). PURPOSE:Scaphoid nonunion or scapholunate ligament instability results in carpal collapse and subsequent arthrosis. These conditions, termed SLAC-...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.sap.0000194245.94684.54
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Asian breast reconstruction patient is usually of lower mean age, lower body mass index (BMI), and has relatively small breasts. This study aimed to investigate the outcome of 1-stage immediate breast reconstruction using saline-filled implants in the Asian patients.Between April 2002 and July 2005, 30 patients un...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/SAP.0b013e318063ef70
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic stasis ulcers of the lower extremity can prove difficult to treat. In the event that conservative treatment fails, one approach is to excise the ulcer, ligate the incompetent perforating veins, and close the defect by muscle transposition, followed by application of skin grafts to the transposed muscles. ...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000637-197901000-00009
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The surgical treatments for prominent ears are on the basis of the approach over the basics of the deformity decrease the concha-mastoid angle and create a new antihelical fold. The author describes a new retroauricular flap to be used in the recreation of the antihelical fold and critically analyzes the cosmetic resu...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/SAP.0b013e318195bfdd
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Simultaneous multiple free flaps have become a useful option in head and neck reconstructions. We performed a 10-year retrospective study between 2001 and 2010. There were 58 men and 1 woman. The overall mortality rate was 51.7%. The longest surviving patient is 9 years and 4 months, whereas the shortest surviving pat...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/SAP.0b013e318274a49f
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:: Gynecomastia is defined as benign proliferation of glandular breast tissue in men. Gynecomastia causes considerable emotional discomfort because of limitation of everyday activity especially in young men. Surgical treatment of gynecomastia significantly contributes to an increase in social activity and an ...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/SAP.0000000000000229
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::To date, many of the methods reported for the surgical treatment of the inverted nipple include insertion of autologous or heterologous material to provide volume and projection to the nipple, thereby avoiding recurrence. In cases of severely inverted nipple with severe fibrosis and shortening of the lactiferous ducts...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.sap.0000116281.28491.08
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Management of the nipple-areola complex is an important issue in primary breast reconstruction. When nipple-sparing mastectomy is not suitable, alternatives are immediate nipple-areola complex replantation and delayed reconstruction. The aim of this study was to examine whether patients benefit more from nip...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/SAP.0000000000000883
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Arterialized venous flaps are the result of the search for new flap techniques because conventional flaps are sometimes insufficient and have donor-site morbidity problems. In the patient presented here, a free arterialized venous flap measuring 12 x 8 cm was transferred from the forearm to a burn-scarred area on the ...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000637-199501000-00019
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The reconstruction of small and thin defects in the orbital area using vascularized cortex is described herein. This vascularized cortex is taken from the medial supracondyle area of the femur because a small, thin, and flexible bone can be harvested. We have treated 5 patients with orbital bony defects that would hav...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000637-199410000-00001
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The author addresses rippling of the breast in patients with breast implants as a result of breast reconstruction or in cases of primary or secondary breast augmentation. The technique consists of rotating a flap of scar tissue from thicker parts of the breast to the thin, affected areas. The technique is simple both ...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000637-200205000-00009
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The successful release of severe contracture of the first web space depends on addition of a sufficient amount of skin. Because local skin is limited, skin grafts tend to contract, and free and pedicle flaps are bulky, further procedures are often obligatory. Expansion of the tissues of the dorsum of the hand offers a...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000637-199105000-00009
更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Capsular contracture after breast reconstruction is a morbid complication, occurring in 30.0% to 47.5% of patients undergoing postoperative radiotherapy. Although it is well known that radiation increases rate of capsular contracture, there are few well-established animal models that faithfully replicate s...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/SAP.0000000000001362
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous work in our laboratory has indicated that ischemic preconditioning improves musculocutaneous flap survival 2.5 times that of the control flap area when the flaps are subsequently subjected to 4 hours of global ischemia. The preconditioning protocol used in this study was arbitrarily designed to be 10 minutes ...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000637-199804000-00018
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical care is often directed at improving patient's quality of life, the effectiveness of which can be measured by objective or subjective outcomes. Surgical intervention, especially in plastic and reconstructive surgery, can often provide hard objective measures, for example, breast size reduction after bilateral ...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/SAP.0000000000001894
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::An evaluation of 220 cases of frontocranial remodeling for craniosynostosis is reported. The follow-up period was 10 years for children, 7 years for infants. The principles of the craniofacial techniques described in 1974 [4] and 1978 [3] were not modified; only variations were added. The floating forehead [5] concept...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000637-198501000-00009
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Scalp defects can be reconstructed either with skin graft, local flaps, free flaps, or tissue expansion. Tissue expanders have been proved to be fruitful in the pediatric population. Scalp expansion has proved to be useful in the reconstruction of posttraumatic and postburn alopecic defects. Selective nerve ...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/SAP.0000000000001227
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this investigation was (1) to determine the incidence of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) recurrence in patients who had microscopic evidence of residual tumor at the margin of resection and (2) to identify morphological characteristics that predispose to recurrence. Twenty-nine patients with margin-positive ...
journal_title:Annals of plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00000637-199703000-00008
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00