Abstract:
PURPOSE:This paper introduces readers to case-control studies and how to analyse them. Specifically, the odds ratio statistic is discussed. The importance of the odds ratio in epidemiology is that it is used as an approximation to the true relative risk. METHOD:Data are presented in the form of 2 x 2 contingency tables, and a method for calculating the odds ratio is presented. An extension to 2 x k tables (where k > 2) is given, as is a graphical method for plotting odds ratios. Confidence intervals based on the Normal approximation are introduced. RESULTS:Some properties of the odds ratio statistic are illustrated by taking examples from the author's own teaching experiences. CONCLUSION:As long as the odds ratio is not used uncritically as an estimate of the relative risk, it remains an attractive statistic for epidemiologists to calculate.
journal_name
Disabil Rehabiljournal_title
Disability and rehabilitationauthors
Rigby ASdoi
10.1080/096382899297756subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-04-01 00:00:00pages
145-51issue
4eissn
0963-8288issn
1464-5165journal_volume
21pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The level of independence in self-care was monitored weekly in 212 patients admitted over 6 months to an acute medical ward for elderly people, and documented on discharge using a standard assessment, the Barthel Index. At discharge from the admitting ward, 39% of patients were independent (Barthel score of 20), 36% w...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/09638289309165867
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To investigate the prevalence of health problems among persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) living in the Netherlands, to identify the problems experienced as most important, and to analyse the experienced impact of these most important problems on daily activities and social life. METHOD:Postal survey among ...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09638280500164685
更新日期:2005-11-30 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE/METHOD:The article discusses rehabilitation practices in Zimbabwe from both a local and international perspective. It considers the nature of formal and informal rehabilitation services in the country, and rehabilitation personnel training. RESULTS:Indigenous disability-related practices dominate the informal ...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09638280010008889
更新日期:2001-07-20 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:This study investigates coping strategies after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and their associations with health-related quality of life (HRQoL). METHODS:Participants were 141 adults followed up 3 months to 15 years after TBI of all severity degrees. Coping was assessed by the Freiburg Questionnaire of Coping w...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/09638288.2014.893029
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alexithymia (Greek, a = lack, lexis = word, thymos = emotion) is a new concept which, whilst being based upon longstanding clinical observation, remains unproven clinically. The lack of definite criteria for inclusion, and the absence of reliable and valid assessment tools, ensures that past data collection has been f...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/09638289609166302
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To determine the extent to which Electric Indoor/Outdoor Powered wheelchair (EPIOC) users travel in vehicles, their concerns about safety, any accidents occurring during transportation and difficulties with their equipment. METHOD:All 268 EPIOC users on the departmental database were sent a purpose-designed po...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09638280410001684055
更新日期:2004-05-20 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Understanding the hierarchy of higher-level physical functions to infer disability level (mild, moderate or severe) is essential for the precise targeting of preventive interventions and has been examined previously in a cross-sectional study. Based on longitudinal data, this study evaluated the hierarchy of hi...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/09638288.2011.641657
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:This study aims to determine functioning information, rehabilitation needs, and environmental barriers of persons with disabilities (PWDs) using a developed ICF-based questionnaire with community survey approach in Thailand. METHOD:A systematic review of the use of ICF and disability surveys from January 2000-...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/09638288.2012.720351
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The purpose of this literature review was to examine factors relating to the perioperative experience of older persons undergoing total hip and knee replacement surgery resulting from osteoarthritis. METHOD:A literature search was undertaken using databases CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science to provide ...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/09638288.2014.906663
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Purpose: The purpose of this review was to synthesize the literature about spinal cord injury and employment, focusing on sample demographics, indicators of employment outcome, and the methods used. The review included literature from the previous decade; 2006-2017. Methods: A systematic quantitative literature review...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09638288.2018.1467968
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:METHODS:Six electronic databases were searched for relevant studies from 2000 to 2019. Forty-one eligible studies were identified. RESULTS:Findings suggest that the people with disabilities' choice to seek healthcare services or not, as well as the quality of intervention provided by primary healthcare providers, are ...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09638288.2020.1817984
更新日期:2020-09-21 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The purpose was to explore, describe and compare the characteristics of physiotherapy sessions with patients after stroke from two perspectives: the patients' and the physiotherapists', in relation to observed behaviour. METHODS:A qualitative, descriptive, comparative approach was used. Nine patients and 10 ph...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09638280410001724889
更新日期:2004-10-21 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To use the University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale Version 3 to (a) explore and compare the levels of loneliness experienced between two groups of older adults (aged 40 years and over) with cerebral palsy, a group who use natural speech to communicate and a group who use augmentative and alternati...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09638280500211759
更新日期:2006-04-30 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:In Norway, the speech therapist is responsible for the assessment of language impairment after stroke, but many hospitals have no speech therapist. This study therefore developed and evaluated a simple method to be used by nurses to detect aphasia in the acute stage of stroke; the Ullevaal Aphasia Screening (UA...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/096382899297846
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Purpose: The aim was to explore personal experiences of pain in people with motor neuron disease.Materials and methods: Sixteen participants were individually interviewed on one occasion concerning their experiences of presentation, consequences, and management of pain. Qualitative content analysis with researcher tri...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09638288.2018.1555615
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To adapt and to combine the self-report Upper Extremity Functional Index and Lower Extremity Function Scale, for the assessment of disability severity in patients with a neuromuscular disease and to examine its psychometric properties in order to make it suitable for indicating disease severity in neuromuscul...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09638288.2017.1300690
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Developing a programme of research is important in advancing the science and practice of a discipline. This paper addresses in general the steps taken in developing a programme of research on pain in children. It reports the results of studies undertaken to develop and test a Pain Assessment Tool for Children and give...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/09638289409166436
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This research examined the long-term outcomes of rehabilitation patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). DESIGN:Retrospective cohort study. SETTING AND SUBJECTS:We examined consecutive records of persons with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury who were discharged from a large re...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09638280310001639722
更新日期:2004-03-04 00:00:00
abstract::Purpose: To examine the perceived impacts of an adapted-dance group intervention when added to intensive functional rehabilitation post-stroke.Method: In this exploratory qualitative case study, semi-structured interviews were analyzed using a deliberative inductive logic and referring to the International Classificat...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09638288.2019.1581845
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:This systematic review evaluated and compared the effectiveness of non-surgical and surgical interventions for managing shoulder pain in patients with diabetes. METHODS:PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, EMBASE, Sport Discus, and Cochrane library were searched for studies published in the last 20 years. Randomized clinic...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09638288.2020.1811783
更新日期:2020-09-15 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:It is a generally shared opinion that rehabilitation is not (yet) 'fully person-centred' and that it should be more. For a certain number of authors, this deficit in person-centredness has originated from the important weight of a 'medical framework' within rehabilitation. In this paper, we will discuss this criti...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09638280701618620
更新日期:2007-10-30 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To raise professional awareness of factors that may influence the support offered by clinicians to people with acquired brain injury (ABI), and to consider the potential implications of these factors in terms of post-injury rehabilitation and living. METHOD:A review of the literature was conducted to identify ...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/09638288.2013.766270
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Purpose The content of and methods for collecting health information often vary across settings and challenge the comparability of health information across time, individuals or populations. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) contains an exhaustive set of categories of informa...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/09638288.2016.1145258
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Restorative sleep is clearly linked with well-being in youth with chronic health conditions. This review addresses the methodological quality of non-pharmacological sleep intervention (NPSI) research for youth with chronic health conditions. METHOD:The Guidelines for Critical Review (GCR) and the Effective Pub...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/09638288.2012.723788
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To present a conceptual model of optimal participation in recreational and leisure activities for children with physical disabilities. METHODS:The conceptualization of the model was based on review of contemporary theories and frameworks, empirical research and the authors' practice knowledge. A case scenario ...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/09638288.2013.863392
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The aim was to explore experiences of capacity to work in persons working while depressed and anxious in order to identify the essence of the phenomenon capacity to work. METHOD:Four focus groups were conducted with 17 participants employed within the regular job market. Illness experiences ranged from symptom...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/09638288.2012.751135
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The iWalk study showed that 10-meter walk test (10mWT) and 6-minute walk test (6MWT) administration post-stroke increased among physical therapists (PTs) following introduction of a toolkit comprising an educational guide, mobile app, and video. We describe the use of theory guiding toolkit development and a pr...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09638288.2020.1867653
更新日期:2021-01-16 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To describe the first Italian experience of ICF implementation in the Labour Sector by a Ministerial body, and the development of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)-based worker checklist. METHODS:Nation-wide training was provided. ICF-based worker checklist was develo...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/09638280903317823
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objective: The aim of this study was to clarify the association of scoliosis and windswept hips with immobility, lying position, and time in lying, in adults with cerebral palsy (CP).Methods: This cross-sectional study included 830 adults (469 males and 361 females) with a diagnosis of CP, 16-73 years, and classified ...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09638288.2018.1492032
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Purpose: To explore what aspects of and how the child's functioning are discussed during a multi-professional team meeting when planning goals and interventions for rehabilitation.Materials and methods: Multiprofessional rehabilitation meetings were videotaped, the discussions transcribed and all content related to th...
journal_title:Disability and rehabilitation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09638288.2019.1692080
更新日期:2019-11-22 00:00:00