Abstract:
:Normalization has gained wide acceptance as a goal that residential institutations for the mentally retarded should strive to achieve, but many organizations have been shown to have difficulty achieving the goal. Theories developed from the organizational contingency perspective suggest that organizations with bureaucratic structures will have particular difficulty accomplishing the nonroutine tasks associated with normalization. Our major purpose was to test the usefulness of such theories for the evaluation of mental retardation facilities by ascertaining whether a less bureaucratic organization for the mentally retarded would achieve greater success than a more bureaucratic organization. The closing of a large public hospital and the subsequent transfer of most of its residents to two new facilities (one of which was more bureaucratic than the other) allowed us to examine bureaucracy's effect on treatment. As predicated, the analysis showed that the less bureaucratic organization produced a greater average positive change in behavior than did the more bureaucratic organization. A number of clinical and demographic characteristics of the residents which could have influenced the observed changes in behavioral level were identified and controlled. They were not found to explain the differences between facilties. Other factors, which could not be controlled in this study, provide suggestions for future research.
journal_name
Eval Health Profjournal_title
Evaluation & the health professionsauthors
King RD,Hougland JG Jr,Shepard JM,Gallagher EBdoi
10.1177/016327878000300105subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1980-03-01 00:00:00pages
85-101issue
1eissn
0163-2787issn
1552-3918journal_volume
3pub_type
杂志文章abstract::A meta-analysis of studies examining the interrater reliability of the standard practice of peer assessments of quality of care was conducted. Using the Medline, Health Planning and Administration, and SCISEARCH databases, the English-language literature from 1966 through 1991 was searched for studies of chance correc...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1177/016327879401700101
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sample-size planning historically has been approached from a power analytic perspective in order to have some reasonable probability of correctly rejecting the null hypothesis. Another approach that is not as well-known is one that emphasizes accuracy in parameter estimation (AIPE). From the AIPE perspective, sample s...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0163278703255242
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors compared three approaches to feedback of clinical audit findings relating to miscarriage in 15 Scottish maternity services (printed report alone; report plus action planning letter; report plus face-to-face facilitated action planning). Clinicians were surveyed to measure theory of planned behavior constru...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0163278706297337
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::People with psychiatric disabilities need to be able to express their views about their support, for example, the provision of meaningful activity in supported accommodation. Brief scales may be necessary to avoid strain and discomfort for this group. The aim was to develop a brief version of Perceived Meaning in Acti...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0163278719845036
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although oral examinations are widely used for making decisions regarding an individual's level of competence, they are frequently of limited reliability. A significant part of the error in oral performance ratings is due to the tendency for some evaluators to be lenient and others to be stringent in their assignment ...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/016327879101400107
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The set of articles appearing in this issue of Evaluation & the Health Professions provides an in-depth examination of the validation process for licensing and certification test score decisions. The winter 1990 issue of Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice also contains an excellent set of articles about lice...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/016327879401700208
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is generally believed that culturally competent clinical practice depends in part on the development of positive attitudes toward the care of immigrant patients. However, few tools exist to measure such attitudes in physicians. The authors operationalized ''culturally competent attitudes'' to include a high level o...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0163278710370157
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Health policy makers rely on survey estimates of physician practice costs to set reimbursement rates. The Health Care Financing Administration has just funded a multimillion dollar effort to collect survey data that will be used to revise payments under the Medicare Fee Schedule. However, the ability of large-scale ph...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/016327879601900102
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The versatility, speed, and reduced costs with which web surveys can be conducted with clinicians are often offset by low response rates. Drawing on best practices and general recommendations in the literature, we provide an evidence-based overview of methods for conducting online surveys with providers. We highlight ...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0163278713496630
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Pew Health Commission on professional education has recommended innovative educational programs to promote career mobility among nurses. To assure continued quality of nursing education in the face of innovation, the Philip Y. Hahn School of Nursing conducted a comprehensive evaluation of its accelerated RN-MSN pr...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/016327879702000205
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article summarizes research on Type II translation of prevention interventions aimed at enhancing the adoption of effective programs and practices in communities. The primary goal of Type II translation is to institutionalize evidence-based programs, products, and services. First, the authors describe theoretical...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0163278706290408
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reporting of incidents or near incidents because of medical devices in French hospitals relies on procedures following European and national guidelines. The authors intend to evaluate hospital staff knowledge on these surveillance procedures as a marker of appropriate application. A telephone survey is conducted on a ...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0163278704270012
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Surveys of physicians are an important tool to assess opinions and self-reported behaviors of this policy-relevant population. However, this population is notoriously difficult to survey and plagued with low and falling response rates. In order to evaluate the potential import of response rate, we examine the presence...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0163278711435542
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present report describes the use of patient focus groups by a primary health care facility. We review our rationale for using focus groups and the process we used to prepare for and conduct them. We then highlight the results and lessons learned through this experience. Focus groups can be an excellent method for ...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/01632780022034480
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Workshops on new methods in the health professions have often been evaluated for participant reaction and understanding of the material. But behavior change on the job following workshops has seldom been assessed. Rehabilitation professionals in seven states were surveyed to determine use of behavior management proced...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/016327877900200404
更新日期:1979-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::An integral component of interprofessional education (IPE) is the development of a collaboration-ready health-care workforce. While collaboration is a fundamental element of IPE, there is no existing measure of collaboration skills that is not context specific. This article describes the development and initial valida...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0163278717752438
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The medical group survey from the CAHPS (formerly Consumer Assessment of Health Plans Study) project, G-CAHPS, focuses on patient experiences in receiving care from their medical group practice. We compared mail and telephone responses to the G-CAHPS survey in a sample of 880 patients from four physician groups. Patie...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1177/0163278705281074
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The movement of a group of chronically mentally ill clients among various facilities for residential care was described with a Markov probability model. The results of a goodness-of-fit test indicated that the model accurately captured the flow of clients among the state psychiatric hospital, the in-patient units, the...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/016327878100400108
更新日期:1981-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although it is increasingly common, meta-analysis is still a relatively new addition to the toolbox of research strategies. Partially because of its newness and partially because its early enthusiasts may have overstated its presumed contributions, a number of common misunderstandings have developed about the meta-ana...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/016327879501800305
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The medical education literature concerned with the teaching role fulfilled by house officers was reviewed by the authors. Articles were presented in three categories: (1) studies of house officer effort, (2) perceptions of the house officer's teaching role, and (3) assessing and improving house officer teaching skill...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/016327878801100101
更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors describe the customary tools used by health services researchers to conduct economic evaluations of health interventions. Recognizing the inherent challenges of these tools for utilization in contemporary public health practice, we recommend a practical cost-benefit analysis (PCBA) to allow public health p...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0163278710393955
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::U.S. medical students who have been unable to gain acceptance into medical schools have long sought alternative pathways into American medical practice. The Medical College of Georgia (MCG) has had a transfer program since 1977 to facilitate entry of Georgia Transfer students into the third-year clinical rotations. Af...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/016327878500800307
更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Given concerns about survey nonresponse bias as well as the need to plan resources for participant recruitment, this study tracked each step of the recruitment process (location, response, consent, and completion) of sociodemographically diverse older women for a survey concerning mammography experience. Younger, less...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/016327879401700408
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cluster analysis can be a useful statistical technique for setting minimum passing scores on high-stakes examinations by grouping examinees into homogenous clusters based on their responses to test items. It has been most useful for supplementing data or validating minimum passing scores determined from expert judgmen...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0163278707307904
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This report describes an easily administered scale for measuring perceived burden among caregivers of family members with dementia. During home interviews conducted in 1991, 82 caregivers rated their family member with dementia on several items related to functional ability, the type of care provided, and associated s...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Obtaining a high response rate in survey research can bolster statistical power, reduce sampling error, and enhance the generalizability of the results to the population surveyed. We describe a mail survey designed to achieve a high return rate of completed questionnaires from members of the American Psychological Ass...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/01678702025002002
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) is characterized by debilitating symptoms including persistent or relapsing fatigue. As a result of CFS, some individuals experience significant stigma that is attached to this illness. Many medical professionals are skeptical of the validity of the illness, and employers often fail to a...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/01632789922034400
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article describes the use of formative evaluation in assessing the feasibility of implementing a new service integration effort. The Child Health Initiative, a nine-site, national demonstration project funded in 1991 by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, sought to implement systemic change through the creation o...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/016327879802100104
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The benefits of HIV treatment (Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy [HAART]) have been less apparent in injecting drug users (IDUs), most probably as a result of poor adherence to treatment. We explored factors related to HIV treatment adherence as reported by 23 IDU-HIV patients and nine health professionals from hea...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0163278711401743
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Health care workers (n = 342) completed items examining their emotional experiences working with HIV-positive patients. Factor analysis produced two subscales: Personal Satisfaction and Emotional Stress. A subset of these care workers (n = 251) claimed increased stress and depression after 6 months. In a second study,...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/016327879301600303
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00