Abstract：
:The role of alpha-crystallin as a molecular chaperone may explain how the lens stays transparent for so long. Alpha-crystallin prevents the aggregation of other lens crystallins and proteins that have become unfolded by "trapping" the protein in a high molecular weight complex. It also protects enzyme activities. The substrate protein may interact while in a molten globule state. Alpha-crystallin predominantly binds to proteins very early in the denaturation pathways. The amphiphilic nature of alpha-crystallin, a polar C-terminal-region and a hydrophobic N-terminal-region are all essential for chaperone function. The flexible C-terminal extension maintains solubility and can bind to opposing charged residues of unfolding proteins. Hydrophobic regions in the N-terminal region then hold the unfolded protein. Specific areas important for chaperone binding and function have been identified throughout the N-terminal-region, connecting peptide and C-terminal extension. After a substantial amount of chemical data and models, cryo-EM images of alpha-crystallin have confirmed a variable 3D surface with a hollow interior. Alpha-crystallin taken from the lens nucleus shows an age-dependent decrease in chaperone function. High molecular weight aggregates and alpha-crystallin found within the nucleus from clear and cataract lenses have reduced chaperone function. Post-translational modifications, known to occur during ageing, such as glycation, carbamylation, oxidation, phosphorylation and truncation cause a decrease in chaperone function. Alpha-crystallin is expressed outside the lens. AlphaB-crystallin can be induced by heat shock in many tissues where it is translocated from cytoplasm to nucleus. Increased expression of alphaB-crystallin has been seen in many pathological states. Conformational disorders, including cataract may have a common aetiology and potentially a common therapy.
journal_name
Prog Retin Eye Resjournal_title
Progress in retinal and eye researchauthors
Derham BK,Harding JJdoi
10.1016/s1350-9462(98)00030-5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-07-01 00:00:00pages
463-509issue
4eissn
1350-9462issn
1873-1635pii
S1350946298000305journal_volume
18pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The link between morphology and physiology for some of the cell types of the macaque monkey retina is reviewed with emphasis on understanding the neural mechanism for spectral opponency in the light response of ganglion cells. An in vitro preparation of the retina is used in which morphologically identified cell types...
journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
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journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
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journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
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journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
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journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1350-9462(98)00011-1
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.06.005
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bacterial endophthalmitis is a sight threatening infection of the interior structures of the eye. Incidence in the US has increased in recent years, which appears to be related to procedures being performed on an aging population. The advent of outpatient intravitreal therapy for management of age-related macular dege...
journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2012.03.004
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
