Abstract：
:Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are taking an increasing place in the market of domestic lighting because they produce light with low energy consumption. In the EU, by 2016, no traditional incandescent light sources will be available and LEDs may become the major domestic light sources. Due to specific spectral and energetic characteristics of white LEDs as compared to other domestic light sources, some concerns have been raised regarding their safety for human health and particularly potential harmful risks for the eye. To conduct a health risk assessment on systems using LEDs, the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), a public body reporting to the French Ministers for ecology, for health and for employment, has organized a task group. This group consisted physicists, lighting and metrology specialists, retinal biologist and ophthalmologist who have worked together for a year. Part of this work has comprised the evaluation of group risks of different white LEDs commercialized on the French market, according to the standards and found that some of these lights belonged to the group risk 1 or 2. This paper gives a comprehensive analysis of the potential risks of white LEDs, taking into account pre-clinical knowledge as well as epidemiologic studies and reports the French Agency's recommendations to avoid potential retinal hazards.
journal_name
Prog Retin Eye Resjournal_title
Progress in retinal and eye researchauthors
Behar-Cohen F,Martinsons C,Viénot F,Zissis G,Barlier-Salsi A,Cesarini JP,Enouf O,Garcia M,Picaud S,Attia Ddoi
10.1016/j.preteyeres.2011.04.002subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-07-01 00:00:00pages
239-57issue
4eissn
1350-9462issn
1873-1635pii
S1350-9462(11)00026-7journal_volume
30pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Morphometrics, a branch of morphology, represents the study of size and shape components of biological form and their variation in the population. Assessment of optic disc morphology is essential in the diagnosis and management of many ophthalmic disorders. Much work has been performed to characterize size-related par...
journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2009.05.004
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abstract：:Cell replacement therapy is a promising treatment for irreversible retinal cell death in diverse diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), Stargardt's disease, retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and glaucoma. These diseases are all characterized by the degeneration of one or two retinal cell types that cannot r...
journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
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doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.11.003
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abstract：:Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major health problem with devastating effects on ocular health in both industrialized and developing countries. The control of hyperglycemia is critical to minimizing the impact of DM on ocular tissues because inadequate glycemic control leads to ocular tissue changes that range from a temp...
journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2016.04.006
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abstract：:Cells of the human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) have a regular epithelial cell shape within the tissue in situ, but for reasons that remain elusive the RPE shows an incomplete and variable ability to re-develop an epithelial phenotype after propagation in vitro. In other epithelial cell cultures, formation of an a...
journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2008.08.002
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abstract：:Autoimmune diseases usually follow a relapsing-remitting or a chronic progressive course. To understand the underlying immunopathogenesis we investigated experimental Lewis rat models displaying both disease types, which were only dependent on the autoantigen peptide used for immunization. Retinal S-Antigen-peptide PD...
journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.02.003
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Phototransduction in vertebrate photoreceptor cells mediated by rhodopsin is one of the most comprehensively examined G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathways. The signal transduction pathway can be mapped from the initial absorption of light to conformational changes within rhodopsin, through activation o...
journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1350-9462(03)00017-x
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2008.02.002
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glaucoma is a common neurodegenerative disease that affects retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Substantial effort is being expended to determine how RGCs die in glaucoma. As in other neurodegenerative diseases, the majority of effort focuses on characterising apoptotic self-destruct pathways. However, apoptosis is not the...
journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2005.04.004
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journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
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doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2016.08.001
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journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2011.11.004
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2012.12.001
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1350-9462(02)00064-2
更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2013.09.002
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gene expression provides valuable insight into cell function. As such, vision researchers have frequently employed gene expression studies to better understand retinal physiology and disease. With the advent of single-cell RNA sequencing, expression experiments provide an unparalleled resolution of information. Instea...
journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100934
更新日期：2020-12-28 00:00:00
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journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100843
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.06.005
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability of the human lens to accommodate is mediated by the ciliary muscle and zonule; the manifest optical power changes depend on the shape and material properties of the lens. The latter are difficult to measure with accuracy and, given the dynamic aspects of accommodation and the ageing of cells and tissues, t...
journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.11.004
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Renin-Angiotensin System is classically recognized for its role in the control of systemic blood pressure. However, the retina is recognized to have all the components necessary for angiotensin II formation, suggestive of a role for Angiotensin II in the retina that is independent of the systemic circulation. The most...
journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2010.03.003
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2014.06.005
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2013.11.001
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
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journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2012.03.004
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2014.06.004
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abstract：:Cataract, a clouding of the lens, is the most common cause of blindness in the world. It has a marked impact on the wellbeing and productivity of individuals and has a major economic impact on healthcare providers. The only means of treating cataract is by surgical intervention. A modern cataract operation generates a...
journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100905
更新日期：2020-09-22 00:00:00
abstract：:The link between morphology and physiology for some of the cell types of the macaque monkey retina is reviewed with emphasis on understanding the neural mechanism for spectral opponency in the light response of ganglion cells. An in vitro preparation of the retina is used in which morphologically identified cell types...
journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1350-9462(98)00013-5
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journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100915
更新日期：2020-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Axonal degeneration is an active, highly controlled process that contributes to beneficial processes, such as developmental pruning, but also to neurodegeneration. In glaucoma, ocular hypertension leads to vision loss by killing the output neurons of the retina, the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Multiple processes ha...
journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.07.002
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The tear film, lacrimal glands, corneal and conjunctival epithelia and Meibomian glands work together as a lacrimal functional unit (LFU) to preserve the integrity and function of the ocular surface. The integrity of this unit is necessary for the health and normal function of the eye and visual system. Nervous connec...
journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2012.02.003
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
