Abstract:
:With so much attention being paid to the development and refinement of appropriate criteria and tests for death, little attention has been given to the broader conceptual issues having to do with its definition or with the relation of a definition to its criterion. The task of selecting the correct criterion is, however, virtually impossible without proper attention to the broader conceptual setting in which the definition operates as the key feature. All of the issues I will discuss arise because of this lack of concern with conceptual matters. Such problems as incorrectly diagnosing a patient as dead prior to the harvesting of his or her organs, defending the idea that death is reversible, and advocating a brainstem criterion of death, are all, I believe, errors that derive from this misplaced emphasis.
journal_name
J Med Ethicsjournal_title
Journal of medical ethicsauthors
Bartlett ETdoi
10.1136/jme.21.5.270subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-10-01 00:00:00pages
270-6issue
5eissn
0306-6800issn
1473-4257journal_volume
21pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Following the influential Gifford and Reith lectures by Onora O'Neill, this paper explores further the paradigm of individual autonomy which has been so dominant in bioethics until recently and concurs that it is an aberrant application and that conceptions of individual autonomy cannot provide a sufficient and convin...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2004.008292
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since Bennett, Draper, and Frith published a paper in this journal in 2000 considering the possible criminalisation of HIV transmission, an important legal development has taken place. February 2001 saw the first successful United Kingdom prosecution for the sexual transmission of disease for over a century, when Step...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.28.3.160
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a recent case in the UK, six men stored their sperm before undergoing chemotherapy treatment for cancer in case they proved to be infertile after the treatment. The sperm was not properly stored and as a result was inadvertently destroyed. The men sued the NHS Trust that stored the sperm and were in the end success...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2010.042036
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Belgian model of 'integral' end-of-life care consists of universal access to palliative care (PC) and legally regulated euthanasia. As a first worldwide, the Flemish PC organisation has embedded euthanasia in its practice. However, some critics have declared the Belgian-model concepts of 'integral PC' and 'palliat...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2016-103511
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Adolescents have had very limited access to research on biomedical prevention interventions despite high rates of HIV acquisition. One concern is that adolescents are a vulnerable population, and trials carry a possibility of harm, requiring investigators to take additional precautions. Of particular concern ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2012-100821
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The editorial in the September 1982 issue of this journal and many articles before and since have addressed the problem of informed consent. Is it possible? Is it a useful concept? Is there anything new to be said about it? In this article the basic rationale of the rule (patient autonomy) is explained and the extent ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.9.2.69
更新日期:1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Research that is initiated, designed or funded by sponsor agencies based in countries with relatively high social and economic development, and conducted in countries that are relatively less developed, gives rise to many important ethical challenges. Although clinical trials of HIV vaccines began ten years ago in the...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.26.1.37
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Desire for improvement in one's illness and having one's own doctor functioning as a researcher are thought to promote therapeutic misconception (TM), a phenomenon in which research subjects are said to conflate research with treatment. PURPOSE:To examine whether subjects' therapeutic motivation and own doc...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2013-101987
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prior to the second world war, most persons confined in insane asylums were regarded as legally incompetent and had guardians appointed for them. Today, most persons confined in mental hospitals (or treated involuntarily, committed to outpatient treatment) are, in law, competent; nevertheless, in fact, they are treate...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/jme.2004.008748
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We analyse the system of ethical review of human research in the Baltic States by introducing the principle of equivalent stringency of ethical review, that is, research projects imposing equal risks and inconveniences on research participants should be subjected to equally stringent review procedures. We examine seve...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2009.035030
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In summary, the discussion by Professors Helmchen and Müller-Oerlinghausen of the morality of clinical trials has emphasized a point that is frequently overlooked. It is an essential to consider those situations in which it might be unethical not to conduct a trial as it is to be concerned about the ways in which tria...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.1.4.174
更新日期:1975-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Teaching medical ethics by the case method may be enriched by adding to the principles-and-rules approach to practical reasoning modes of inquiry and interpretation that engage the moral imagination. :Carson and Higgs are strong advocates of the use of case studies in the teaching of medical ethics. Carson maintains...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.12.1.36
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The recent report of the UK government's Organ Donation Taskforce is in favour of continuing with the current organ donation system rather than changing to an opt-out system where people are assumed to be willing to donate. How did it reach this decision and is it correct? ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2009.031757
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the UK undergraduate medical ethics curricula against the Institute of Medical Ethics (IME) recommendations; to identify barriers to teaching and assessment of medical ethics and to evaluate perceptions of ethics faculties on the preparation of tomorrow's doctors for clinical practice. DESIGN:Qu...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2015-103189
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several films, including Three Identical Strangers, examined ethical problems in an experiment that involved identical siblings who were adopted as infants and separated into different families to examine the effects of nature versus nurture. The study was primarily designed and directed by Dr Peter Neubauer. The expe...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105983
更新日期:2020-05-04 00:00:00
abstract::As the demand for healthcare rises, so does the need for priority setting in healthcare. In this paper, I consider a prominent priority-setting principle: proportional shortfall. My purpose is to argue that proportional shortfall, as a principle, should not be adopted. My key criticism is that proportional shortfall f...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2017-104488
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Junior researchers can be abused and bullied by unscrupulous senior collaborators. This article describes the profile of a type of serial abuser, the White Bull, who uses his academic seniority to distort authorship credit and who disguises his parasitism with carefully premeditated deception. Further research into th...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2004.010553
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Among bioethicists and members of the public, genetics is often regarded as unique in its ethical challenges. As medical researchers and clinicians increasingly combine genetic information with a range of non-genetic information in the study and clinical management of patients with common diseases, the unique ethical ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/jme.2005.013532
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dual-track assessment directs research ethics committees (RECs) to assess the risks of research interventions based on the unclear distinction between therapeutic and non-therapeutic interventions. The net risks test, in contrast, relies on the clinically familiar method of assessing the risks and benefits of interven...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2005.014043
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many children in the USA are prescribed psychotropic drugs that have not been fully investigated in paediatric clinical trials. The common practice of prescribing psychotropic drugs off-label poses unknown and potentially serious short- and long-term consequences for these children. This paper briefly reviews the fact...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/medethics-2011-100003
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fourteen experienced psychiatric nurses participated in a pilot study aimed at describing the experiential aspect of making decisions for the patient. In-depth interviews focused on conflicts, were transcribed, coded, and categorized according to the Grounded Theory method. The theoretical construct, 'modifying autono...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/jme.20.2.101
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A National Committee for the Ethics of Research could consider new questions arising from innovations in research or practice, deal with multi-centre trials, adjudicate when separate local committees give conflicting advice about similar projects, or oversee the work of district committees. The value of each of these ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.16.3.146
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Why do we persist in the relentless pursuit of artificial nourishment and other treatments to maintain a permanently unconscious existence? In facing the future, if not the present world-wide reality of a huge number of persistent vegetative state (PVS) patients, will they be treated because of our ethical commitment ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.19.2.71
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Non-therapeutic circumcision violates boys' right to bodily integrity as well as to self-determination. There is neither any verifiable medical advantage connected with the intervention nor is it painless nor without significant risks. Possible negative consequences for the psychosexual development of circumcised boys...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2012-101284
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::On 9 May 2005, the Israeli Ministry of Health issued guidelines spelling out the conditions under which sex selection by preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for social purposes is to be permitted in Israel. This article first reviews the available medical methods for sex selection, the preference for children of a...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2007.023226
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This essay argues that the field of bioethics should concern itself especially with the process of making moral sense that unfolds among clinicians, patients and family members during common but high-stakes conversations occurring on the front lines of practice. The essay outlines the parameters of a bioethics grounde...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2011-100084
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Whether to allow the presence of family members during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has been a highly contentious topic in recent years. Even though a great deal of evidence and professional guidelines support the option of family presence during resuscitation (FPDR), many healthcare professionals still oppose ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2012-100715
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Jehovah's Witnesses are students of the Bible. They refuse transfusions out of obedience to the scriptural directive to abstain and keep from blood. Dr Muramoto disagrees with the Witnesses' religious beliefs in this regard. Despite this basic disagreement over the meaning of Biblical texts, Muramoto flouts the religi...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.25.6.469
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The United Kingdom Central Council for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visitors (UKCC) document, Exercising Accountability, states that the role of patient's advocate is an essential aspect of good professional nursing practice (1). The author examines the case for and against the nurse being the best person to act as a...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.20.3.152
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Giubilini and Minerva argue that the permissibility of abortion entails the permissibility of infanticide. Proponents of what we refer to as the Birth Strategy claim that there is a morally significant difference brought about at birth that accounts for our strong intuition that killing newborns is morally impermissib...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-106781
更新日期:2020-10-26 00:00:00