Abstract：
:Clostridium difficile plays an essential role in causing pseudomembranous colitis. We looked for the presence of these bacteria in the stools of 169 hospitalized patients and 38 nurses from wards with cases of diarrhea (207 subjects). The study was divided into three parts. In the first part, we compared three methods for isolating Clostridium difficile from stool samples: pre-selection with heat-shock, direct plating on Cycloserine-Cefotaxime-Fructose Agar (CCFA) and culturing in a selective broth medium. Final identification of Clostridium difficile was achieved by gas-chromatography and ApiZym. From the 207 consecutively obtained stool specimens, Clostridium difficile was isolated in 108 (52%) when pre-treated by heat-shock compared to only 26 (13%) when plated on modified CCFA and 23 (11%) when cultured in selective broth medium. Pre-selection significantly increases the isolation rate for Clostridium difficile and should be used in further epidemiological research. In the second part of our study, a retrospective review of subjects' records showed that the heat-shock method detected Clostridium difficile in all age groups at a higher rate than the other methods. In the third part of our study, we typed the 157 isolates of Clostridium difficile strains by protein patterns using SDS-PAGE, and 16 distinct groups were identified. In 19 cases different Clostridium difficile strains were found in the same subject by SDS-PAGE. Finally, the isolated strains were compared with strains from Brussels and Freiburg. Matching patterns were noted in only three cases.
journal_name
Eur J Epidemioljournal_title
European journal of epidemiologyauthors
Lahn M,Tyler G,Däubener W,Hadding Udoi
10.1007/BF00146272subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-05-01 00:00:00pages
327-34issue
3eissn
0393-2990issn
1573-7284journal_volume
9pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:We conducted a surveillance program on epidemic and/or endemic Shigella strains in Asturias (Spain), their frequency and dispersion in our community, and their R-plasmids. We analyzed initial isolates of Shigella sonnei from two epidemic outbreaks using antibiotic resistance patterns and plasmid profile analysis as ep...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00144744
更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A case-control study of 107 colon cancer cases and 486 controls from an oncological clinic in Istanbul was conducted to examine the association between occupational physical activity and colon cancer in Turkey, where incidence of this disease is low. Only two of the four activity measures showed evidence of an increas...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00145330
更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We compared blood pressure of individuals (mean age 59 y) born in western Holland between January 1945 and March 1946 (mothers exposed to the Dutch Famine before or during gestation; n = 359) to blood pressure of unexposed individuals born before or conceived after the famine (n = 299) or same-sex siblings of subjects...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10654-006-9065-2
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fluorescent antibody, immunoperoxidase and gold-silver staining methods for the rapid and accurate diagnosis of systemic mycotic infections are currently performed in a few specialized laboratories. These methods have proved applicable to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues, and are reliable for identifying ther...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF00158571
更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A cross-sectional population survey using a random, stratified sample into phases was conducted in order to assess the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in Albacete (a south-eastern province in Spain) with 248000 inhabitants over 18 years of age. The sample size was of 1322 people. Both sys...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1007483916158
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most of the epidemiological studies designed to determine the prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) in Portugal were hospital-based and the rates reported were around 1/1000. A sentinel network of general practitioners (GPs) has been in effect in the country since 1989, involving doctors with a relatively stable list...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01719295
更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To examine the contribution of cardiovascular risk factors to the development of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, a prospective follow-up study was performed of a cohort, initially examined in a population survey on cardiovascular risk factors. The survey was conducted from 1975 to 1978 in the Netherlands amon...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00158782
更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human anthrax vaccines currently licensed in the United States and Western Europe consist of alum-precipitated or aluminum hydroxide-adsorbed supernatant material from fermentor cultures of toxigenic, nonencapsulated strains of Bacillus anthracis. These vaccines have several drawbacks, including the need for frequent ...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF00152686
更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Five-hundred-seventy-seven, 6 year old schoolchildren from Rome were examined. 67.8% of them harboured 1 x 10(5) or more Streptococcus mutans CFU per milliliter of saliva. This value was higher than values reported by other Authors. However, the caries prevalence of the subjects in this study was lower than values sho...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1007333102815
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The general objective of randomized clinical trials is to assess if the treatment effect on a given population is clinically meaningful. In this way, one obtains an average estimate of the treatment effect over the trial population. However, a growing need for medical practitioners is to be able to predict with suffic...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1007518114133
更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:After the introduction of the prostate specific antigen (PSA) test in the 1980s, a sharp increase in the incidence rate of prostate cancer was seen in the United States. The age-specific incidence patterns exhibited remarkable shifts to younger ages, and declining rates were observed at old ages. Similar trends were s...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10654-016-0185-z
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most of the Coxiella burnetii isolates (72 of 80) available in our institute share a 2.1 kb NotI fragment. Sequence analysis revealed two incomplete open reading frames (ORF) for putative genes hemA and bcR coding for glutamyl-tRNA-reductase and bicyclomycin resistance protein, respectively. Upon completing the ORF fo...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01719308
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Associations of cognitive function assessed in adulthood with coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke might reflect a causal effect or could be explained by residual confounding or a common underlying pathology (atherosclerosis) that links both declines in cognitive function and increased risk of cardiovascu...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10654-008-9281-z
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bacillus cereus is a ubiquitous sporeforming Gram-positive rod that is associated with foodborne outbreaks as well as several opportunistic infections. Inspite of the prevalence of B. cereus associated foodborne outbreaks, subtyping of the species using molecular typing assays was not attempted. In this study we have ...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00145422
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aims of the NYU Children's Health and Environment Study (CHES) are to evaluate influences of prenatal non-persistent chemical exposures on fetal and postnatal growth and pool our data with the US National Institutes of Health Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program to answer collaborative ...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10654-020-00623-6
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Salmonella typhimurium was isolated in the culture test of a small child admitted to hospital suffering from febrile gastroenteritis with stools containing traces of mucus and blood. Her mother also resulted positive for this microorganism. The family had recently bought a small turtle, imported from Florida, at the c...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF03334985
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:To study the relationship between plasma renin activity (PRA) and coffee consumption, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake and physical activity habits. SETTING:The multicentre HARVEST trial, involving 17 Hospital Centres in Northeast Italy. SUBJECTS:351 borderline to mild hypertensive men (mean age +/- SEM 2...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00144001
更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A total of 89 cases of measles were diagnosed in southeastern France between January and June 2003. Nation-wide epidemiological investigations suggested that this outbreak was restricted to southeastern France, and most likely reflected the endemic circulation of measles virus due low vaccination coverage. Genetic ana...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/b:ejep.0000040453.13914.48
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In an effort to increase the amount of organs available for transplantation, many countries have implemented presumed consent for organ donation. Presuming a wish to contribute to medical advances through biobank research on previously taken tissue samples could similarly improve health and wellbeing. In this article ...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10654-009-9413-0
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Biomarkers are considered as tools to enhance cardiovascular risk estimation. However, the value of biomarkers on risk estimation beyond European risk scores, their comparative impact among different European regions and their role towards personalised medicine remains uncertain. Biomarker for Cardiovascular Risk Asse...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10654-014-9952-x
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Methods for efficiently identifying subjects with constantly acidic pH in epidemiological and clinical studies have not been assessed. We recruited 30 volunteers to estimate the minimum number of urine pH measurements using pH strips needed to identify subjects with "constantly acidic urine pH". Spearman's correlation...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10654-006-9101-2
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:PAQUID is an epidemiological cohort which aims to study cerebral and functional factors of ageing. We have examined the relationship between dyspnea level at entrance into this cohort and mortality occurring during the subsequent 8 years. Dyspnea was evaluated by a questionnaire derived from a Fletcher's five-degree s...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1017977715073
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pairs of cases of Boutonneuse Fever (BF) occurred in three families. The illness appeared almost simultaneously in both members of each family, but was generally more serious in one as judged by clinical and laboratory parameters. The possibility of a "bed rickettsiosis", that is reactivation of rickettsiae by the blo...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00145654
更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and lower socio-professional status have in common a series of risk factors for ill health such as sedentary lifestyle, weight excess, heavy alcohol and tobacco consumption. We hypothesised that SDB will be more prevalent in lower socio-professional groups. A total of 496 male middle a...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1010910821431
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective was to examine the association between age at menarche and all-cause mortality. A population-based prospective study involving 55,128 Japanese women aged 40-79 years in 1988-1990 and followed up to December 2006 was used. A total of 6,967 deaths occurred during the follow-up. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% c...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10654-011-9623-0
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is uncertain whether the incidence of stroke is increased in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and whether COPD is associated with all subtypes of stroke (i.e. ischemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage and subarachnoid haemorrhage). We evaluated the association between COPD and incidence ...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10654-015-0113-7
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vaccinations and infections are possible triggers of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). However, studies on GBS after vaccinations during the influenza A(H1N1)pmd09 pandemic in 2009, show inconsistent results. Only few studies have addressed the role of influenza infection. We used information from national health data-ba...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10654-015-0047-0
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated mean levels and prevalences of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, systolic blood pressure and body mass index in adults aged 25 to 64 years participating in the WHO Country-wide Integrated Noncommunicable Diseases Intervention (CINDI) Programme in Vorarlberg, west...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02427390
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Apolipoprotein B levels were studied in relation to cigarette smoking, coffee and alcohol consumption, physical activity, age and body mass index in 253 men aged 21-61 years. The mean apolipoprotein B level was 7.3 +/- 3.2 mg/dl and was higher for smokers compared with non-smokers. Considering the smokers of over 20 c...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00155554
更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A study on the characteristics of alcoholics attending the "Alcoholics in treatment" clubs, a community and family-oriented programme against alcoholism, has been conducted in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region, Northeastern Italy. A total of 598 individuals (93% of those contacted) completed the questionnaire, 431 (72%...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00146371
更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00
