Abstract:
AIM:To develop an expert system model for the diagnosis of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the breast. METHODS:Knowledge and uncertainty were represented in the form of a Bayesian belief network which permitted the combination of diagnostic evidence in a cumulative manner and provided a final probability for the possible diagnostic outcomes. The network comprised 10 cytological features (evidence nodes), each independently linked to the diagnosis (decision node) by a conditional probability matrix. The system was designed to be interactive in that the cytopathologist entered evidence into the network in the form of likelihood ratios for the outcomes at each evidence node. RESULTS:The efficiency of the network was tested on a series of 40 breast FNAC specimens. The highest diagnostic probability provided by the network agreed with the cytopathologists' diagnosis in 100% of cases for the assessment of discrete, benign, and malignant aspirates. Atypical probably benign cases were given probabilities in favour of a benign diagnosis. Suspicious cases tended to have similar probabilities for both diagnostic outcomes and so, correctly, could not be assigned as benign or malignant. A closer examination of cumulative belief graphs for the diagnostic sequence of each case provided insight into the diagnostic process, and quantitative data which improved the identification of suspicious cases. CONCLUSION:The further development of such a system will have three important roles in breast cytodiagnosis: (1) to aid the cytologist in making a more consistent and objective diagnosis; (2) to provide a teaching tool on breast cytological diagnosis for the non-expert; and (3) it is the first stage in the development of a system capable of automated diagnosis through the use of expert system machine vision.
journal_name
J Clin Patholjournal_title
Journal of clinical pathologyauthors
Hamilton PW,Anderson N,Bartels PH,Thompson Ddoi
10.1136/jcp.47.4.329subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-04-01 00:00:00pages
329-36issue
4eissn
0021-9746issn
1472-4146journal_volume
47pub_type
杂志文章abstract::A histological diagnosis of pT4 stage is used as the basis for offering adjuvant therapy to patients with colorectal cancer. Histological features diagnostic of pT4 stage in colorectal cancer include: (1) presence of tumour perforation, (2) invasion of an adjacent organ, (3) direct or discontinuous tumour extending to...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/jcp.2009.069658
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A radioimmunoassay for the measurement of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) in plasma and urine using readily available reagents was developed. The GnRH assay showed good precision, recovery, and parallelism over a wide range of GnRH concentrations with a sensitivity of 15 pg/ml. The assay was compared with a com...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jcp.42.5.542
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Circulating immune complexes have been detected in the sera of 24 Nigerian children with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis using two methods. There was a significant correlation between levels of soluble complexes, detected in samples taken from patients in the oliguric phase of acute nephritis, and severity ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jcp.31.9.817
更新日期:1978-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure free serum IgG antibodies to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with cystic fibrosis was developed. Seven strains of P aeruginosa cells, treated with glutaraldehyde and representing the most commonly isolated serotypes in our cystic fibrosis unit, were used. The ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jcp.39.10.1124
更新日期:1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In decalcified (5% nitric acid) and undecalcified (glycol-methacrylate or resin embedded) routinely processed bone specimens osteoclasts against resorbing surfaces were identified with monoclonal antibodies directed against leucocyte common antigen (LCA) (PD7/26, 2B11), CD68 (KP1), and gpIIIa (Y2/51) but not against H...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jcp.44.8.664
更新日期:1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serum total calcium was measured in 1693 patients during a four-month period. We examined the effects of adjustment for albumin concentration on the interpretation of single measurements of serum total calcium and on the variation of series of measurements in individual patients. Markedly abnormal total calcium concen...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jcp.32.1.56
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two newborn babies with an intact atrial septum are described. In one, the two components of the atrial septum appeared to have become fused after relatively normal initial development; the left side of this heart was hypoplastic. In the other baby the formation of the atrial septum appeared to have been completely an...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jcp.19.6.549
更新日期:1966-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cervical biopsies from 97 women with malignant cells in cervical scrape smears have been studied. Forty-eight patients had invasive squamous carcinoma, and 49 had intraepithelial lesions. Of these, six had dedifferentiated carcinoma in situ, nine had the differentiated lesions generally known as ;severe dysplasia', an...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jcp.20.1.7
更新日期:1967-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lymphocyte-depleted classical Hodgkin lymphoma (LDCHL) is the rarest entity among the classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) subtypes, accounting for <1% of CHL cases in Western countries. Similarly, primary splenic Hodgkin lymphoma is a rare diagnosis among all cases of lymphomatous involvement of spleen. Representing a co...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pathology
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1136/jclinpath-2015-203145
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a retrospective study of the records of 160 necropsies it was found that, according to the clinical and gross necropsy findings, no clinically important abnormality would have been anticipated in 46% of the tissue samples. The estimated annual cost of processing this material alone was pounds 10,500, including the ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jcp.40.4.459
更新日期:1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The thyroids of primary thyrotoxicosis patients prepared for partial thyroidectomy with propranolol contained much more lymphoid infiltrate than those prepared with carbimazole. No relation was found between the extent of lymphoid infiltrate in the thyroid and the development of postoperative hypothyroidism either bet...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jcp.29.5.398
更新日期:1976-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Idoxuridine-treated McCoy cells grown as monolayers in 96 well microplates provide a convenient method for the isolation of Chlamydia trachomatis. Staining of infected monolayers with periodic acid-Schiff reagent (PAS) allows easy recognition of C trachomatis inclusions without the need for dark-ground microscopy. By ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jcp.34.7.712
更新日期:1981-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a recognised cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised individuals. This review will concentrate on recent advances in the understanding of the complex interplay between the host and parasite and the pathological consequences of perturbation of the host immune system. The classic v...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/jcp.54.2.84
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent evidence shows that chronic liver disease induced by hepatitis delta virus is closely associated with production of autoantibodies. To verify this sera from patients with hepatitis delta virus and from those with hepatitis B virus mediated chronic liver disease were tested for a panel of autoantibodies. Althoug...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jcp.39.8.897
更新日期:1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A method of typing isolates of Proteus mirabilis and Proteus vulgaris is described based on the sensitivity of the organisms to bacteriocine. Twelve standard proteocine producing strains were selected from a large number of isolates tested, and from these liquid proteocine preparations were prepared. The sensitivities...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jcp.28.10.784
更新日期:1975-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Five cases of inflammatory pseudotumour of the liver are reported and compared with seven individual previously published case reports. Clinical presentation was variable but often comprised low grade intermittent fever, vague abdominal symptoms, and a history of weight loss. Leucocytosis, raised erythrocyte sedimenta...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jcp.39.7.761
更新日期:1986-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a case of atypical mucin-producing bronchial carcinoid in a 40-year-old man covert metastases were present at the time of lobectomy and were revealed at necropsy--a feature highlighting the malignant potential of the atypical carcinoid. ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jcp.31.12.1218
更新日期:1978-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The indirect immunofluorescence technique was used to study the expression of the blood group A and H antigens in fresh-frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections of the bladder mucosa of 21 patients with non-neoplastic diseases of the bladder. Reliable assessment of these antigens could only be made using c...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jcp.36.8.873
更新日期:1983-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three patients with aplastic anaemia had a history of substantial previous exposure to organochlorine pesticides. The temporal association between chemical exposure and the onset of first symptoms of anaemia was strongly supportive. Organochlorines have the property of lipid affinity and accumulation in adipose tissue...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jcp.43.2.98
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To compare intratumorous microvessel density (MVD) and clinicopathological features in two different groups of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), namely: hepatitis B virus (HBV) related HCC (B-HCC) and HCV related HCC (C-HCC). METHODS:Fifty consecutive cases each of B-HCC and of C-HCC were studied. Microvessel numbe...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jcp.2003.015784
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In two cases of infected total hip replacements, Peptococcus magnus was isolated in pure culture from the implant when it was removed. Fluorescent antibody and ELISA studies have shown that both patients developed an antibody response to this anaerobic coccus soon after the replacement operation. These results suggest...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jcp.32.1.61
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A case of idiopathic acquired sideroblastic anaemia transforming to acute myelofibrosis is reported. The appearance of atypical megakaryocytic proliferation in idiopathic acquired sideroblastic anaemia may presage the development of an acute myelofibrotic phase of this usually chronic disease. ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jcp.37.9.1032
更新日期:1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the present investigation, the prevalence of focal lymphocytic adenitis in the submandibular salivary gland was observed in a series of 116 postmortem subjects after suitable exclusions had been made. Focal lymphocytic adenitis could not be demonstrated in the labial salivary glands. The degree of lymphocytic infil...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jcp.23.8.690
更新日期:1970-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::During an outbreak of gastroenteritis in a paediatric ward astroviruses were found in faeces from 17 to 27 symptomatic children and from four of 14 members of the staff with diarrhoea. No viruses were found in 10 asymptomatic children. Fourteen of the 21 astrovirus excretors were free of any recognised pathogens, but ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jcp.30.10.948
更新日期:1977-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two unusual ovarian tumours thought to be of Wolffian identity, one of them malignant, are described. They showed packed combinations of adenopapillary, tubular, trabecular and diffuse patterns, a sharp and generalised periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive basement membrane and areas of elastic network. A review of publ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jcp.35.5.526
更新日期:1982-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cytological diagnosis in a series of 153 skin lesions is presented. The diagnosis in each case has been compared with the clinical assessment and, where available, the biopsy result (85 lesions). Of 131 basal cell carcinomas, a cytological diagnosis was possible in 124 while biopsyl failed to identify two of the 73 le...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jcp.32.4.361
更新日期:1979-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nasal biopsy findings in malignant histiocytosis presenting clinically as lethal midline granuloma are characterised by necrosis and infiltration of atypical histiocytic cells with a diffuse positive reaction for non-specific esterase. This cellular character was common to midline malignant reticulosis, and midline ma...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jcp.35.6.599
更新日期:1982-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION/METHODS:After the recognition of contaminating algae on histopathological sections stained by periodic acid Schiff (PAS) and Grocott methods, a detailed audit was undertaken to assess the extent of contamination and its possible source. RESULTS:The contaminating organism was a member of the staurastrum ge...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jcp.2005.026187
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plasma diamine oxidase levels were assayed in 66 patients who presented with pregnancy complicated by threatened abortion. Levels within the normal range were associated with continuing pregnancies, whereas levels below the normal range were associated with subsequent abortion. Among those patients in whom gestation w...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jcp.34.2.187
更新日期:1981-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 68 year old diabetic man developed septicaemia and multiple liver abscesses due to Streptococcus intermedius. Liver biopsy revealed streptococcal botryomycosis which showed the Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon. Diabetes mellitus is an example of the immunosuppressed states that have been associated with botryomycosis. ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pathology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jcp.51.5.399
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00