Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:To compare group classification of cardiovascular risk by two compound laboratory indices with classification according to the serum total cholesterol concentration alone. DESIGN:Healthy employees were defined as low and high cardiovascular risk subjects according to their total cholesterol concentration or two compound indices of blood lipid components-the total cholesterol: high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ratio and an atherogenic index defined as ([total cholesterol-HDL cholesterol]*[apolipoprotein B])/([HDL cholesterol]*[apolipoprotein A-I]). Cut off values to distinguish between low and high risk subjects were as follows: total cholesterol 6.5 mmol/l, HDL cholesterol 0.9 mmol/l, apolipoprotein A = 1.8 g/l, and apolipoprotein B = 1.3 g/l. These gave total: HDL cholesterol ratio and atherogenic index cut off values of 7.2 and 4.5 respectively. SETTING:An occupational health service in a non-manufacturing company in Norway. PARTICIPANTS:A total of 112 male and 117 female employees. The mean body mass index values were 25.6 and 23.6 kg/m2 and the mean ages 39.8 and 40.1 years in men and women respectively. Those with cardiovascular, diabetic, or renal diseases were excluded. MEAN OUTCOME MEASURES:Serum total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, apolipoproteins A-I and B, lipid peroxidation, blood pressure, smoking, physical activity, and fruit, vegetables, and salt in the diet were determined. RESULTS:The cut off values allocated 19%, 7%, and 40% as high risk subjects according to total cholesterol, total: HDL cholesterol, and the atherogenic index respectively. The mean age was two to four years higher in the high risk groups. Cardiovascular risk in siblings and no reported physical activity were more prevalent in those high risk groups defined by the compound indices than by total cholesterol alone, as was a high body mass index and a measure of lipid peroxidation. Grouping according to total cholesterol failed to allocate heavy smokers mainly to the high risk group. Diet variables did not demarcate clearly between indices. CONCLUSIONS:There is considerable variability in classification into high and low risk subjects when using the total cholesterol concentration alone compared with compound risk indices. Smoking was more prevalent in the high risk groups defined by the compound indices than by total cholesterol. These findings call for caution when total cholesterol is used to estimate cardiovascular risk in epidemiological studies, and even more so at individual counselling in occupational or primary health care settings.
journal_name
J Epidemiol Community Healthjournal_title
Journal of epidemiology and community healthauthors
Berg JE,Høstmark ATdoi
10.1136/jech.48.4.338subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-08-01 00:00:00pages
338-43issue
4eissn
0143-005Xissn
1470-2738journal_volume
48pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:We investigated the current temporal trends of suicide in Zhejiang, China, from 2006 to 2016 to determine possible health disparities in order to establish priorities for intervention. METHODS:We collected mortality surveillance data from 2006 to 2016 from the Zhejiang Chronic Disease Surveillance Informati...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2018-211556
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A highly sensitive and simple screening procedure is required for early detection of low birthweight and small for gestational age, especially in developing countries. METHODS:A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate use of symphysis-fundal height for prediction of low birthweight and small for gestational...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1136/jech-2012-202141
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since the early 1960s notification rates for tuberculosis in England and Wales for the whole population have been influenced by high rates in certain ethnic groups. Using data based on country of birth from the British (Thoracic and) Tuberculosis Association surveys of 1965 and 1971, and based on ethnic origin from th...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.42.4.370
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are complex mixtures of persistent contaminants that are widespread in the environment. Newborns are exposed across the placenta and through breast feeding. Experimental animal studies have indicated that PCBs are neurotoxic. The neurological effects of these compounds on chi...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/jech.55.8.537
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Ethnic/racial inequalities in access to and quality of healthcare have been repeatedly documented in the USA. Although there is some evidence of inequalities in England, research is not so extensive. Ethnic inequalities in use of primary and secondary health services, and in outcomes of care, were examined i...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2009.089409
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To estimate the prevalence of active pulmonary tuberculosis in a homeless population in London and to assess whether those with suspected disease could be integrated into the existing health care system for further follow up and treatment. DESIGN:Voluntary screening programme based on a questionnaire s...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.49.6.629
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Growing concern about the global burden of child mental health disorders has generated an increased interest in population-level efforts to improve child mental health. This in turn has led to a shift in emphasis away from treatment of established disorders and towards prevention and promotion. Prevention efforts are ...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2013-203712
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A case-control study of cancers of the upper alimentary tract was conducted in a hospital to assess the role of several risk factors, including alcohol consumption, which is reported here. Male patients from one community with cancers of the oral cavity (n = 278), pharynx (n = 225), and oesophagus (n = 236) formed the...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.42.2.187
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The use of validated multivariate cardiovascular predictive models in a population setting is of interest for public health policy makers. We aimed to validate the estimations of the CASSANDRA model (coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence and CHD risk distribution), considering the population changes in age,...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2013-203516
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:The aim was to examine the relationship between exposure to occupational risk factors during working life and physical disability after retirement. DESIGN:The study was a cross sectional epidemiological survey of a representative sample of retired subjects belonging to a supplementary pension fund in t...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.46.5.506
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Chronic diseases are now a major health problem in developing countries as well as in the developed world. Although chronic diseases cannot be communicated from person to person, their risk factors (for example, smoking, inactivity, dietary habits) are readily transferred around the world. With increasing hu...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2007.060368
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:The aim was to report on the extent to which death certificates which specify that death occurred in hospital can be matched and linked with routine hospital inpatient information systems. DESIGN:The study involved linkage of hospital records which specified that death occurred in hospital to correspon...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.46.3.297
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Identification of features of the neighbourhood physical environment that have a causal association with positive child development is important for promoting long-term developmental health. Previous research on these associations have been conducted at the neighbourhood level, and do not account for individ...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2019-212686
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine the public's knowledge and perception of SARS and the extent to which various precautionary measures have been adopted. DESIGN:Cross sectional survey. SETTING:General population of Hong Kong at the height of the SARS outbreak (29 March to 6 April 2003). PARTICIPANTS:1115 ethnic Chinese adults. ...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.57.11.857
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A recent study by Knox concludes that cases and "clusters" of two or more cases of childhood leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma occur closer to many kinds of industrial installation than to supposedly comparable control locations. It is argued that these findings could be largely or entirely artefactual, the apparen...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.49.4.437
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Records in the obstetric wards and nurseries of 18 hospitals were reviewed and studied epidemiologically, covering about 210,000 deliveries and 1000 cases of neural tube defects (NTD). All live and still births occurred in the period 1970-84. Following the NTD classification used by Koch (1984), our case series consis...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.41.3.259
更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is concern that increasing demand for student mental health services reflects deteriorating student well-being. We designed a pragmatic, parallel, single-blinded randomised controlled trial hypothesising that providing mindfulness courses to university students would promote their resilience to stress ...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2020-214390
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This paper aims to show that, compared with young women, there is an apparent discrepancy in the reported sexual behaviour of young men and records of their fatherhood. DESIGN:The data come from four studies of the sexual behaviour of young people in various parts of Britain between 1960 and 1990 and from st...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.48.1.52
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This study investigated the impact of the Healthy Housing Programme in reducing acute hospitalisations in South Auckland, New Zealand. The programme involved house modifications to reduce overcrowding, insulation and ventilation improvements, and health and social service assessments, referrals and linkages....
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2009.107441
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To investigate the impact of changes in psychosocial work environment on subsequent sickness absence. DESIGN:Analysis of questionnaire and sickness absence data collected in three time periods: 1990-1991, before the recession; 1993, worst slump during the recession; and 1993-1997, a period after change...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.54.7.484
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To determine the ways in which institutions devoted to international development influence epidemiological studies. DESIGN:This article takes a descriptive epidemiological study of El Salvador, Epidemiological Profile, conducted in 1994 by the US Agency for International Development, as a case study. T...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.55.3.164
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:This paper addresses the environmental justice implications of children's health by exploring racial/ethnic disparities in potential exposure to air pollution, based on both school and home locations of children and three different types of pollution sources, in Orange County, Florida, USA. METHODS:Usi...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2006.054130
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Injuries have been recognised as important public health concerns, particularly among adolescents and young adults. Few studies have examined injuries using a multilevel perspective that addresses individual socioeconomic status (SES) and health behaviours and local socioeconomic conditions in early adolesce...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2017-210259
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Base line data together with data in public registers and a structured phone interview of 94 of the 121 non-attenders was used for an assessment of factors influencing participation in the prospective population study 'Men born in 1914' in Malmö, Sweden. The overall attendance rate was 80.5% but varied among areas in ...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.40.2.174
更新日期:1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To assess the effectiveness of a telephone reminder in increasing responses to postal surveys and to calculate the differential costs per completed questionnaire. DESIGN:Randomised controlled trial. SETTING:Australian university and rehabilitation medicine practice. PARTICIPANTS:The trial was conduct...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/jech.56.2.115
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is wide evidence that women present longer duration of sickness absence (SA) than men. Musculoskeletal disorders are influenced by gender due to the sexual division of work. METHODS:354 432 episodes of non-work-related SA due to musculoskeletal disorders, which were registered in Catalonia between 200...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2014-204331
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Inverse associations between perceived control and cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been reported in studies from Western Europe and the USA. To assess this relationship across different populations, we investigated the association between perceived control and all-cause and CVD mortality in three populatio...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2017-208992
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the value of psychosocial risk factors in discriminating between individuals at higher and lower risk of coronary heart disease, using risk prediction equations. DESIGN:Prospective observational study. SETTING:Scotland. PARTICIPANTS:5191 employed men aged 35 to 64 years and free of coronary heart...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2006.055921
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the relative importance of perceived health and health related lifestyle in adolescence in the production of educational differences. DESIGN:A longitudinal study: survey data from 1981 and 1985 linked with Educational Registry data from 1993. SETTING:The whole of Finland. PARTICIPANTS:A represent...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.52.12.794
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To assess the effect of the Demerit Point System (DPS), introduced in Spain on 1 July 2006, on the number of fatalities due to road traffic accidents, using a methodology that controls for the seasonal variation and trend in the data series. METHODS:Time-series analysis by ARIMA models of 29 113 fatalities ...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2008.082461
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00