Abstract:
STUDY OBJECTIVE:To estimate the prevalence of active pulmonary tuberculosis in a homeless population in London and to assess whether those with suspected disease could be integrated into the existing health care system for further follow up and treatment. DESIGN:Voluntary screening programme based on a questionnaire survey and chest x ray. SETTING AND CASES: Screening programmes were set up over the Christmas period in 1992 and 1993 at a shelter for the homeless in London. An offer of screening was made to all individuals who visited the centre and an interviewer administered questionnaire was completed on those who volunteered for the screening. Chest x rays were carried out, developed, and read on site. Individuals with chest x rays features suggestive of tuberculosis or other medical problems were referred to a hospital of their choice. RESULTS AND OUTCOME: In 1992 nearly 1600 people visited the centre, of whom 372 volunteered for the screening and 342 were x rayed. Nineteen of the 342 (5.6%) had radiological features suggestive of active tuberculosis. In 1993 around 2000 homeless people visited the centre, of whom 270 volunteered for the screening and 253 were x rayed. Eleven (4.3%) had features consistent with active tuberculosis on the basis of the chest x rays and clinical examination by a chest physician. Overall, of 595 people x rayed in the two surveys, 30 (5%) had changes suggestive of active tuberculosis. Further investigations confirmed nine (1.5%) with active pulmonary disease and eight with no active tuberculosis. In 13, the diagnosis was not determined as four declined further investigation and nine did not attend their hospital appointment. CONCLUSION:Tuberculosis among the homeless remains a cause for concern. Follow up and treatment present unique difficulties. Services for the homeless need to include mechanisms for timely diagnosis and monitored treatment. Control programmes designed for the needs of the homeless are required.
journal_name
J Epidemiol Community Healthjournal_title
Journal of epidemiology and community healthauthors
Kumar D,Citron KM,Leese J,Watson JMdoi
10.1136/jech.49.6.629subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-12-01 00:00:00pages
629-33issue
6eissn
0143-005Xissn
1470-2738journal_volume
49pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:A highly sensitive and simple screening procedure is required for early detection of low birthweight and small for gestational age, especially in developing countries. METHODS:A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate use of symphysis-fundal height for prediction of low birthweight and small for gestational...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1136/jech-2012-202141
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVES:To describe the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in patients with sexually transmitted diseases (STD) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and to determine the role of sexual transmission of HBV infection in Singapore. DESIGN:A cross sectional study of all consecutive men p...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.49.3.309
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To evaluate an intervention designed to curtail an outbreak of hepatitis A among gay men, especially the young and sexually active, by promoting their free vaccination. DESIGN:The study analysed routine passive surveillance data, carried out questionnaire and serological surveys of vaccinees, and surve...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.55.4.251
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This study examined the prospective association of workplace social capital (WSC) with major depressive episode (MDE) among Japanese employees. METHODS:A 3-year prospective cohort study was conducted among 1058 employees from a private think-tank company who participated in a baseline survey; after excludin...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2016-208561
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent authors have suggested that cross-sectional studies of adverse outcome of pregnancy are misleading, and that the only valid method of analysis controls for eventual number of pregnancies. The present study shows, by simple examples, that such a method produces results that cannot be interpreted in the way claim...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.37.1.78
更新日期:1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Light to moderate alcohol intake lowers the risk of cardiovascular mortality, but whether this protective effect can be attributed to a specific type of beverage remains unclear. Moreover, little is known about the effects of long-term alcohol intake on life expectancy. METHODS:The impact of long-term alcoh...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2008.082198
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To empirically test the impact of dietary intake at several time points in childhood on children's school attainment and to investigate whether any differences in school attainment between children who ate packed lunches or school meals was due to who these children were, their pre-school dietary patterns, o...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2007.068213
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVES:The main aim of the study was to discover if a midwife home visiting programme has a significant effect on the prevalence of health problems and breast feeding behaviour of mothers who delivered normally and their healthy fullterm newborn babies, during a period of 42 days after delivery. Another aim w...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/jech.52.6.385
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To estimate variation between small areas in the levels of walking, cycling, jogging, and swimming and overall physical activity and the importance of area level socioeconomic disadvantage in predicting physical activity participation. METHODS:All census collector districts (CCDs) in the 20 innermost local g...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2005.035931
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Birthweight and gestational age are the two most commonly used continuous variables in perinatal research. Dichotomous outcomes derived from these two variables include low birthweight, preterm birth and small for gestational age, each extensively used as perinatal and population health indicators within public health...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2011-200772
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The effect of modifying lifestyle at middle age on mortality has been sparsely examined. METHODS:Men and women aged 50-54 years randomised to the control group (no intervention) in the population-based Norwegian Colorectal Cancer Prevention trial were asked to fill in lifestyle questionnaires in 2001 and 20...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/jech-2015-206760
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The following essay outlines the intervention and presents a framework that will serve as a guide in the evaluation of the different effects of the Superblocks. Superblocks consist of amalgamations of blocks throughout the city, with the goal of improving the habitability of public spaces, advancing sustainable mobili...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/jech-2018-211738
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There are few longitudinal data on physical activity patterns from mid-life into older age. The authors examined associations of self-reported physical activity, adiposity and socio-demographic factors in mid-life with objectively assessed measures of activity in older age. METHODS:Participants were 394 hea...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2011-200505
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vitamin D deficiency occurs worldwide. Winter season and high Body Mass Index (BMI) are associated with low levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). We estimated the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in a Norwegian adult population and examined factors associated with vitamin D deficiency. A cohort of 25, 616 a...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2013-202587
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prompted by my participation in the People's Climate March held in New York City on 21 September 2014, as part of the 'Harvard Divest' contingent, in this brief essay I reflect on the late 20th century development of--and debates over--the necessity of ecological thinking in epidemiology, and also the still limited en...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2014-205027
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To examine the association between neighbourhood income inequality and depression, both overall and among those with different levels of income, in the post-disaster context. DESIGN:A representative cross sectional random digit dial telephone survey was conducted. SETTING:New York City (NYC) six month...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2006.042069
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a randomised controlled trial intensive individual anti-smoking advice given in parallel with hospital antenatal care did not influence the outcome of pregnancy. The belief that retardation of fetal growth caused by maternal smoking occurs in late pregnancy is not well based, and the advice may not have been given ...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 传,古典文章,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.50.3.232
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To explore whether the predictive power of mid-life ECG abnormalities and conventional cardiovascular risk factors for future stroke change over a 30-year follow-up period, and whether a repeated examination improves their predictive power. DESIGN AND SETTING:Longitudinal population-based study. PARTICIPAN...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2006.048074
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:The hypothesis that patients with hyperglycaemia during admission, regardless of previous diagnosis of diabetes, have worse prognosis than those with normal glucose values is controversial. The objective was to assess the role of hyperglycaemia on short-term mortality after myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS AND ...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.56.9.707
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess comprehensively the validity of the data in the Finnish Medical Birth Registry (MBR) by the combined use of several controls and internal analysis of the data. DESIGN:The MBR data were individually linked to a medical record sample (n = 775) and to all perinatal death certificates in 1987. The data...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.47.3.242
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Using common alcohol consumption categories, to conduct a pooled analysis of six ongoing large-scale cohort studies in Japan in order to produce concrete estimates of the quantitative contribution of alcohol consumption to all-cause and major causes of mortality in the Japanese population. METHODS:Of the 30...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2010.121830
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Blood pressure is positively associated with ischaemic heart disease (IHD) mortality, but the strength of the association declines with age, and may differ between lean and obese people. OBJECTIVE:To study the association of blood pressure with IHD mortality stratified by attained age (<65 and ≥65 years) an...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2009.094110
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Socioeconomic differentials in the uptake of medical care in men were investigated using data from the General Household Survey (1974-76 and 1979-80). Hospitalisation, attendance at out patient clinics, and consultation with doctors were higher in local authority tenants than in owner occupiers. Men belonging to the m...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.41.3.196
更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:It is generally acknowledged that conventional estimates of the potential number of life years to be gained by elimination of causes of death are too generous. This is because these estimates fail to take into account the fact that those who are saved from the cause are likely to have one or more other condi...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.53.1.32
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The epidemiology of migraine and non-migrainous headaches (NMH) was investigated in a community survey in a neighbourhood of western Jerusalem in 1969-71. Diagnoses were based on histories taken by physicians. Prevalence rates among persons aged 15 and over were 10.1% for migraine (including classical migraine, 2.1%) ...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.34.3.188
更新日期:1980-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is a growing body of evidence showing that early life events are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases later in adult life. However, there is a paucity of data in this field from Asian populations. In this study, we examined the association of birth order with obesity ...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2019-213572
更新日期:2020-11-04 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine factors associated with returning for second round mammography screening. SETTING:This was a population based mammographic screening programme in Melbourne, Australia. DESIGN:A cohort design was used whereby 668 women were interviewed before the screening programme began and attendance for both f...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.51.1.62
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the short term health effects of improving housing. DESIGN:Randomised to waiting list. SETTING:119 council owned houses in south Devon, UK. PARTICIPANTS:About 480 residents of these houses. INTERVENTION:Upgrading houses (including central heating, ventilation, rewiring, insulation, and re-roofin...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2006.048462
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To establish the prevalence and distribution of witnesses, victims, and perpetrators of different types of violence in the general population and the proportion of victims consulting health services or reporting the incident to authorities. METHODS:Cross sectional survey of a random sample of 3007 inhabitan...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.57.5.355
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Medical students in Nottingham all complete an honours Bachelor of Medical Sciences course in one department including a research project. The honours programme in community health is described, with results from a survey of the 122 graduates since the medical school started. The 98 (80%) responses showed high levels ...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.40.3.232
更新日期:1986-09-01 00:00:00