Abstract:
STUDY OBJECTIVE:To determine the ways in which institutions devoted to international development influence epidemiological studies. DESIGN:This article takes a descriptive epidemiological study of El Salvador, Epidemiological Profile, conducted in 1994 by the US Agency for International Development, as a case study. The methods include discourse analysis in order to uncover the ideological basis of the report and its characteristics as a discourse of development. SETTING:El Salvador. RESULTS:The Epidemiological Profile theoretical basis, the epidemiological transition theory, embodies the ethnocentrism of a "colonizer's model of the world." This report follows the logic of a discourse of development by depoliticising development, creating abnormalities, and relying on the development consulting industry. The epidemiological transition theory serves as an ideology that legitimises and dissimulates the international order. CONCLUSIONS:Even descriptive epidemiological assessments or epidemiological profiles are imbued with theoretical assumptions shaped by the institutional setting under which epidemiological investigations are conducted.
journal_name
J Epidemiol Community Healthjournal_title
Journal of epidemiology and community healthauthors
Avilés LAdoi
10.1136/jech.55.3.164keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-03-01 00:00:00pages
164-71issue
3eissn
0143-005Xissn
1470-2738journal_volume
55pub_type
杂志文章abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To investigate age, period, and cohort effects on functional status. DESIGN:A prospective cohort study with measurements in 1981, 1990, and 1996. SETTING:Three municipalities in north east Finland. PARTICIPANTS:A regionally representative sample of 19 to 63 year old men and women was drawn from the c...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.56.12.905
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Injuries have been recognised as important public health concerns, particularly among adolescents and young adults. Few studies have examined injuries using a multilevel perspective that addresses individual socioeconomic status (SES) and health behaviours and local socioeconomic conditions in early adolesce...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2017-210259
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In India, excess female under-5 mortality is well documented. Under-5 mortality is also known to be patterned by socioeconomic factors. This study examines sex differentials and sex-specific wealth gradients in neonatal, postneonatal and child mortality in India. METHODS:Repeated cross-sectional study of na...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2018-211569
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To review the incidence of leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in children and young adults in the area less than 25 km from the Dounreay nuclear installation and the remainder of the Kirkwall postcode area in the full time period for which data are now available (1968-91), and to determine whether the...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.48.3.232
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We examined the associations between socioeconomic trajectories from birth to adulthood and gestational age and birth size in the next generation, using linked data from two population-based birth cohorts carried out in a Brazilian city. By comparing socioeconomic trajectories of mothers and fathers, we atte...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2014-205377
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A reduction in sex ratio at live birth has been proposed as a sentinel health indicator that can be used to monitor the health of populations. OBJECTIVE:To test the hypothesis that a lower sex ratio is associated with adverse national population health using the prevalences of HIV and tuberculosis as measur...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2011-200744
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Promoting walking and cycling as a part of everyday activity is seen as a strategy for tackling obesity and chronic disease. Policy needs to be based on evidence about people's views of walking and cycling as well as effects of interventions. METHODS:Studies of the views of children, young people and parent...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/jech.2007.070250
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Neighbourhood social fragmentation and socioeconomic deprivation seem to be associated with suicide mortality. However, results are inconclusive, which might be because dynamics in the social context are not well-represented by administratively bounded neighbourhoods at baseline. We used individualised neigh...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2019-212699
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A study of 150 hotel prostitutes in Lagos was undertaken to determine their socioeconomic identity and, through an assessment of their health knowledge, attitude, and practice, their probable impact on public health. The subjects were selected from 15 hotels, representing 20% of the estimated hotel universe in Lagos a...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.34.4.312
更新日期:1980-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Birthweight and gestational age are the two most commonly used continuous variables in perinatal research. Dichotomous outcomes derived from these two variables include low birthweight, preterm birth and small for gestational age, each extensively used as perinatal and population health indicators within public health...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2011-200772
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The world is increasingly shaped by powerful global forces, many of which have consequences for human health and the social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health are increasingly determined at a supranational level. As a result, local or national level efforts to influence health determinants can ...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2004.027854
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Evidence from longitudinal studies on the influence of neighbourhood socioeconomic factors in older age on cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality is limited. We aimed to investigate the prospective association of neighbourhood-level deprivation in later life with CVD mortality, and assess the underlying role...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2015-205542
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since the early 1960s notification rates for tuberculosis in England and Wales for the whole population have been influenced by high rates in certain ethnic groups. Using data based on country of birth from the British (Thoracic and) Tuberculosis Association surveys of 1965 and 1971, and based on ethnic origin from th...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.42.4.370
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There are concerns that COVID-19 mitigation measures, including the 'lockdown', may have unintended health consequences. We examined trends in mental health and health behaviours in the UK before and during the initial phase of the COVID-19 lockdown and differences across population subgroups. METHODS:Repea...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2020-215060
更新日期:2020-09-25 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To determine the most appropriate surrogate indicator and its cut off point for identifying low birthweight babies in northern India. STUDY SETTING:A secondary level hospital at Ballabgarh. The patients were from nearby rural and urban areas and mostly belonged to lower and middle socioeconomic strata....
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.50.6.683
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Environmental pollutants and nutrients may be present in the same foodstuffs or dietary patterns; share internal mechanisms of transport, metabolism and cellular uptake; or target the same molecular signalling pathways and biological functions. Lipophilic pollutants and nutrients, like dioxins and polyunsaturated fatt...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2020-213789
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:The aim was to examine the relationship between exposure to occupational risk factors during working life and physical disability after retirement. DESIGN:The study was a cross sectional epidemiological survey of a representative sample of retired subjects belonging to a supplementary pension fund in t...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.46.5.506
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is concern that increasing demand for student mental health services reflects deteriorating student well-being. We designed a pragmatic, parallel, single-blinded randomised controlled trial hypothesising that providing mindfulness courses to university students would promote their resilience to stress ...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2020-214390
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recent studies from the USA and Europe suggest an association between an individual's political ideology and their health status, with those claiming to be conservatives reporting better health. The presence of this association is examined in Japan. METHODS:Individual-level data from the 2000-3, 2005 and 20...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2009.097915
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess the impact of a community based bicycle helmet programme aimed at children aged 5-12 years (about 140,000) from poor and well off municipalities. METHODS:A quasi-experimental design, including a control group, was used. Changes in the risk of bicycle related head injuries leading to hospitalisatio...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.57.9.668
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To determine the extent of intrapartum intervention received by primigravidas. DESIGN:Cross sectional survey of NHS hospitals in the UK. SETTING:One hundred and one randomly selected hospital maternity units. PARTICIPANTS:Forty consecutive primigravid women, judged to be at low risk at the start of l...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/jech.52.8.494
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::One thousand school boys aged 8 to 16 were examined for their somatotype, physical growth, sexual maturation, and smoking habits. Fifty-two boys were found to be smokers, of whom 30 were regularly smoking between two and 20 bidis or cigarettes a day for a mean duration of 2.5 years. The mean height and weight of the s...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.34.4.295
更新日期:1980-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Both adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and adverse childhood socioeconomic conditions (SECs) in early life are associated with poor outcomes across the life course. However, the complex interrelationships between childhood SECs and ACEs are unclear, as are the consequences for health outcomes beyond child...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2020-213817
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Ethnic/racial inequalities in access to and quality of healthcare have been repeatedly documented in the USA. Although there is some evidence of inequalities in England, research is not so extensive. Ethnic inequalities in use of primary and secondary health services, and in outcomes of care, were examined i...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2009.089409
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To describe the situation of the influenza in Portugal through the estimates of the incidence rates and the identification of the viral strains implicated on it during the period 1990-1996. DESIGN:The integrated clinical and laboratory surveillance system for influenza in Portugal is based on the Portuguese...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The Rose Angina Questionnaire (RAQ) was constructed in the 1960s for assessing the population burden of angina. Studies have found that screening positivity by RAQ conferred an elevated risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). It is, however, not clear to what extent Rose angina represents early CHD in relative...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2013-203642
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Uterine fibroids (UFs) are the most common form of sex steroid hormone-dependent benign tumours that grow in the walls of the uterus. Several observational studies have examined the association between obesity and the risk of UFs, but findings are inconsistent. The objective of this systematic review and met...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2019-213364
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:It is increasingly recognised that different dimensions of social inequality may be linked to health by different pathways. Furthermore, factors operating at the individual level such as employment conditions may affect health in a different way from household level factors. The paper examines the assoc...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.57.1.56
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The aims of this study are to generalise the concept of gap length between partners and to estimate the duration of four types of measures for heterosexual partnerships, called status lengths: (1) time spent as single before becoming monogamous (S-M, positive gap), (2) duration of concurrency before monogamy...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2008.085936
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Before and during peak influenza periods there is increased morbidity from other respiratory tract disorders. Sentinel networks of primary care physicians can be very effective in the early detection of influenza epidemics and the German network, the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Influenza (AGI), began its work in thi...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.49.suppl_1.9
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00