Abstract:
:Much has been written by many distinguished persons about the philosophical, religious and ethical considerations of doctors and their involvement with torture. What follows will not have the erudition or authority of the likes of St Augustine, Mahatma Gandi, Schopenhauer or Thomas Paine. It represents the views of a very ordinary person; a presumption defended by the submission that many very ordinary persons have been, and will be, instruments for effecting, assisting or condoning the physical or mental anguish of others. As practitioners of medicine, we are particularly vulnerable, since our particular knowledge and our privileged position may be so easily abused--to the detriment of others. Those of us who practice clinical forensic medicine have even greater responsibility by virtue of our daily contact with the enforcement of law, criminal procedure, and the machinations of the judiciary. We are thus particularly well placed to monitor, encourage or discourage the occurrence of evil practices within the community. It is imperative, therefore, that the ordinary doctor should be cognisant of, and be party to, a code of conduct formulated by his peers and having reference to his obligations as a citizen, and doctor, and to his ability to manipulate human activity. Forensic physicians have further discretionary powers as arbiters in the marriage of the art and ethics of healing with the principles and practice of justice.
journal_name
J Med Ethicsjournal_title
Journal of medical ethicsauthors
Burges SHdoi
10.1136/jme.6.3.120subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1980-09-01 00:00:00pages
120-3issue
3eissn
0306-6800issn
1473-4257journal_volume
6pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Some disability rights advocates criticise prenatal testing and selective abortion on the grounds that these practices express negative attitudes towards existing persons with disabilities. Disability rights advocates also commonly criticise and oppose physician-assisted suicide (PAS) and euthanasia on the same ground...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105875
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:According to the Declaration of Helsinki, patients who take part in a clinical trial must be adequately informed about the trial's aims, methods, expected benefits, and potential risks. The declaration does not, however, elaborate on what "adequately informed" might amount to, in practice. Medical researcher...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.28.1.45
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::What happens when we discover that a severely mentally handicapped girl, resident under our care, is heavily pregnant? What options are open to us in her management? What are the legal and ethical issues involved? How do we ensure that she receives the best possible care and protection and will the involvement of the ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.15.4.197
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is now widely accepted that a patient's ability to engage in autonomous decision-making can be seriously threatened when she denies significant aspects of her medical condition. In this paper I use a true case to reveal the harmful effects of physician denial upon patient autonomy and well-being. I suggest further ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.18.3.135
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::For many people, living with genital herpes generates not just episodic physical discomfort but recurrent emotional distress, centred on concerns about how to live and love safely without passing infection to others. This article considers the evidence on herpes transmission, levels of sexual risk, when the law has in...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2012-100894
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this issue of the journal Mark Brown has offered a new argument against my potential future of value theory. I argue that even though the premises of this new argument are far more defensible than the premises of his old argument, the new argument does not show that the potential future of value theory of the wrong...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.28.3.198
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The new regulations on xenotransplantation pay insufficient attention to the broad ethical (and legal) problems raised by this technique and that the abandonment of a national body with overall regulatory authority in this area is a mistake. ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 社论,评审
doi:10.1136/jme.2007.020768
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The progress of the discussion about the 'indicators of humanhood' is reviewed, along with several associated problems. It is argued that a more serious problem is posed by social attitudes about mental handicap. The author concludes that an uncritical use of criteria of humanhood may simply reinforce a morally unjust...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.15.2.90
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Explorations of bioethical issues frequently raise the question of an entity's "moral standing," or its right to moral consideration by rational agents. Many contemporary philosophers subscribe to Leonard Nelson's view that only beings that have interests have moral standing. Kuhse attempts to define interests and t...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.11.3.146
更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Robert Veatch and others have questioned whether there are internal moral rules of medicine. This paper examines the legal regulatory model for governing professions as the autonomous exercise of professional skills and asks whether there is a theoretical basis for this model. Taking John Rawls's distinction between t...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2018-105069
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Students at Newcastle are exposed to patients during their first week at medical school and attached to a family within the first month. The object is to sensitise them to patients as people rather than vehicles of disease. Medical ethics is introduced as part of the multidisciplinary Human Development, Behaviour and ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.11.1.35
更新日期:1985-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Non-therapeutic circumcision violates boys' right to bodily integrity as well as to self-determination. There is neither any verifiable medical advantage connected with the intervention nor is it painless nor without significant risks. Possible negative consequences for the psychosexual development of circumcised boys...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2012-101284
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the increase in the proportion of hospital deaths there is increasing debate about appropriateness of place of death. Death should be a family affair but is increasingly hidden from public view. In contrast to those who die at home, most of those who die in hospital die alone with no relatives or friends with the...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.9.3.158
更新日期:1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a recent article in this journal, Anna Christensen raises an 'Epicurean challenge' to Don Marquis' much-discussed argument for the immorality of abortion. According to Marquis' argument, abortion is pro tanto morally wrong because it deprives the fetus of 'a future like ours'. Drawing on the Epicurean idea that dea...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105771
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new human life comes into being not when there is mere cellular life in a human embryo, but when the newly developing body organs and systems begin to function as a whole, the author argues. This is symmetrical with the dealth of an existing human life, which occurs when its organs and systems have permanently cease...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.11.4.205
更新日期:1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years, it has become almost axiomatic that biomedical research and clinical practice should be 'innovative'-that is, that they should be always evolving and directed towards the production, translation and implementation of new technologies and practices. While this drive towards innovation in biomedicine mi...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2015-103048
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper considers the ethics of routine antenatal HIV testing and the role of informed consent within such a policy in order to decide how we should proceed in this area--a decision that ultimately rests on the relative importance we give to public health goals on the one hand and respect for individual autonomy on...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2006.018861
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide (PAS) by request and/or based on an advance directive are legal in The Netherlands under strict conditions, thus providing options for patients with Huntington's disease (HD) and other neurodegenerative diseases to stay in control and choose their end of life. HD is an inherit...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2011-100369
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Determining whether a research risk meets or exceeds a regulatory standard of risk acceptability is difficult. Recently a framework called the systematic evaluation of research risks (SERR) has been proposed as a method of comparing research risks with predetermined standards of acceptability. SERR purports to offer a...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2011-100194
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The internet is becoming increasingly important in health care practice. The number of health-related web sites is rising exponentially as people seek health-related information and services to supplement traditional sources, such as their local doctor, friends, or family. The development of e-medicine poses important...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.27.suppl_1.i33
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are various ways in which medicine and literature interact, but this paper concentrates on the contribution which literature can make to 'whole person understanding'. Scientific understanding is concerned with seeing events and actions in terms of patterns or similarities. But 'whole person understanding' is con...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.17.2.93
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The question of whether old age should or should not play a role in medical decision-making for the elderly patient is regularly debated in ethics and medicine. In this paper we investigate exactly how age influences the decision-making process. To explore the normative argumentation in the decisions regarding an elde...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2008.025247
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Desire for improvement in one's illness and having one's own doctor functioning as a researcher are thought to promote therapeutic misconception (TM), a phenomenon in which research subjects are said to conflate research with treatment. PURPOSE:To examine whether subjects' therapeutic motivation and own doc...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2013-101987
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical genetics encompasses a wider range of activities than discussion of reproductive risks and options. Hence, it is possible for a clinical geneticist to reduce suffering associated with genetic disease without aiming to reduce the birth incidence of such diseases. Simple cost-benefit analyses of genetic-screeni...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.19.1.47
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Conflict is an important consideration in the intensive care unit (ICU). In this setting, conflict most commonly occurs over the 'best interests' of the incapacitated adult patient; for instance, when families seek aggressive life-sustaining treatments, which are thought by the medical team to be potentially inappropr...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-106177
更新日期:2020-07-06 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, new developments took place in the Dutch debate on the legislation of euthanasia. After a brief account of that debate, the article discusses a new government proposal for legislation in this field, which was submitted to the Dutch parliament in November 1991. This proposal relates not only to euthanasia but...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.18.3.138
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The right not to know is underappreciated in policy-making. Despite its articulation in medical law and ethics, policy-makers too easily let other concerns override the right not to know. This observation is triggered by a recent decision of the Dutch government on embryo selection for Huntington's disease. This is a ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2009.031047
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article discusses what level of consent is needed from a child or parent before a primary-school medical can take place (i.e. where children are aged under 12). It also considers whether there are occasions when a doctor can see a child if the parents have failed to give consent or have explicitly refused consent...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.26.6.469
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Previous research has found that physicians are divided on whether they are obligated to provide a treatment to which they object and whether they should refer patients in such cases. The present study compares several possible scenarios in which a physician objects to a treatment that a patient requests, in ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2015-102782
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Whether to allow the presence of family members during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has been a highly contentious topic in recent years. Even though a great deal of evidence and professional guidelines support the option of family presence during resuscitation (FPDR), many healthcare professionals still oppose ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2012-100715
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00