Characterization of Y73, an avian sarcoma virus: a unique transforming gene and its product, a phosphopolyprotein with protein kinase activity.

abstract：:A serumless, chemically defined medium has been developed for the culture of oligodendrocytes isolated from primary neonatal rat cerebral cultures. Combined together, insulin, transferrin, and fibroblast growth factor synergistically induced an essentially homogenous population (95-98%) of cells expressing glycerol-3-...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Saneto RP,de Vellis J

更新日期：1985-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A discussion of the range of applicability of Forster long-range energy transfer in the determination of macromolecular dimensions and conformational dynamics is given. Emphasis is laid on the effect of restrictions in the orientational freedom of donor and acceptor and on the importance of the orientational averaging...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dale RE,Eisinger J

更新日期：1976-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The small heat-shock protein (sHSP) from Methanococcus jannaschii (Mj HSP16.5) forms a homomeric complex of 24 subunits and has an overall structure of a multiwindowed hollow sphere with an external diameter of approximately 120 A and an internal diameter of approximately 65 A with six square "windows" of approximatel...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kim R,Lai L,Lee HH,Cheong GW,Kim KK,Wu Z,Yokota H,Marqusee S,Kim SH

更新日期：2003-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:We have devised a simple and efficient cDNA cloning strategy that overcomes many of the difficulties encountered in obtaining full-length cDNA clones of low-abundance mRNAs. In essence, cDNAs are generated by using the DNA polymerase chain reaction technique to amplify copies of the region between a single point in th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Frohman MA,Dush MK,Martin GR

更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CD4+ T cells recognize major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-bound peptides that are primarily obtained from extracellular sources. Endogenously synthesized proteins that readily enter the MHC class I presentation pathway are generally excluded from the MHC class II presentation pathway. We show here that en...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sanderson S,Frauwirth K,Shastri N

更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite growing evidence for perceptual interactions between motion and position, no unifying framework exists to account for these two key features of our visual experience. We show that percepts of both object position and motion derive from a common object-tracking system--a system that optimally integrates sensory...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kwon OS,Tadin D,Knill DC

更新日期：2015-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:In a coupled system consisting of RNA polymerase and DNA polymerase I of Escherichia coli, the four deoxyribo- and the four ribonucleoside triphosphates, and DNA of bacteriophage f1 as template, DNA synthesis depends on the concomitant synthesis of RNA. Over a wide range of concentrations of the two polymerases, RNA s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Karkas JD

更新日期：1972-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Loss-of-function mutations in the regulatory gene areA of Aspergillus nidulans prevent the utilization of a wide variety of nitrogen sources. The phenotypes of nit-2 mutants of Neurospora crassa suggest that this gene may be analogous to the areA gene. Transformation has been used to introduce a plasmid containing the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Davis MA,Hynes MJ

更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:αβ T-cell repertoire selection is mediated by peptide-MHC complexes presented by thymic epithelial or myeloid cells, and by lipid-CD1 complexes expressed by thymocytes. γδ T-cell repertoire selection, by contrast, is largely unresolved. Mice mutant for Skint-1, a unique Ig superfamily gene, do not develop canonical Vγ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Barbee SD,Woodward MJ,Turchinovich G,Mention JJ,Lewis JM,Boyden LM,Lifton RP,Tigelaar R,Hayday AC

更新日期：2011-02-22 00:00:00

abstract：:By considering temperature effects on the mechanical unfolding rates of proteins and RNA, whose energy landscape is rugged, the question posed in the title is answered in the affirmative. Adopting a theory by Zwanzig [Zwanzig, R. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85, 2029-2030], we show that, because of roughness char...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hyeon C,Thirumalai D

更新日期：2003-09-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiple paleoclimate proxies are required for robust assessment of past hydroclimatic conditions. Currently, estimates of drought variability over the past several thousand years are based largely on tree-ring records. We produced a 1,500-y record of winter precipitation in the Pacific Northwest using a physical mode...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Steinman BA,Abbott MB,Mann ME,Stansell ND,Finney BP

更新日期：2012-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) act independently as well as cooperatively to induce neuronal death in acute neurological disorders. Inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and inhibition of lipid peroxidation induced by ROS have both been proposed as neuroprotective strategies in strok...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chabrier PE,Auguet M,Spinnewyn B,Auvin S,Cornet S,Demerlé-Pallardy C,Guilmard-Favre C,Marin JG,Pignol B,Gillard-Roubert V,Roussillot-Charnet C,Schulz J,Viossat I,Bigg D,Moncada S

更新日期：1999-09-14 00:00:00

abstract：:We found that two markers of differentiation, tyrosinase (monophenol, dihydroxyphenylalanine:oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.14.18.1) activity and melanin synthesis, are induced by diazepam in B16/C3 mouse melanoma cells. We also demonstrated high-affinity binding sites for [3H]diazepam in these cells by radioreceptor ass...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Matthew E,Laskin JD,Zimmerman EA,Weinstein IB,Hsu KC,Engelhardt DL

更新日期：1981-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We describe a synthetic ligand, "DAKLI" (Dynorphin A-analogue Kappa LIgand), related to the opioid peptide dynorphin A. A single reactive amino group at the extended carboxyl terminus permits various reporter groups to be attached, such as 125I-labeled Bolton-Hunter reagent, fluorescein isothiocyanate, or biotin. Thes...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Goldstein A,Nestor JJ Jr,Naidu A,Newman SR

更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Throughout the world, efforts are under way to restore watersheds, but restoration planning rarely accounts for future climate change. Using a series of linked models of climate, land cover, hydrology, and salmon population dynamics, we investigated the impacts of climate change on the effectiveness of proposed habita...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Battin J,Wiley MW,Ruckelshaus MH,Palmer RN,Korb E,Bartz KK,Imaki H

更新日期：2007-04-17 00:00:00

abstract：:A unique neuronal system was detected in the rat central nervous system by immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay with antibodies to salmon melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH). MCH-like immunoreactive (MCH-LI) cell bodies were confined to the hypothalamus. MCH-LI fibers were found throughout the brain but were most...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zamir N,Skofitsch G,Bannon MJ,Jacobowitz DM

更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Underactivity of the glutamatergic system is an attractive model for the pathophysiology of several major mental illnesses. We previously described a chromosome abnormality disrupting the kainate class ionotropic glutamate receptor gene, GRIK4/KA1, in an individual with schizophrenia and learning disability (mental re...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pickard BS,Knight HM,Hamilton RS,Soares DC,Walker R,Boyd JK,Machell J,Maclean A,McGhee KA,Condie A,Porteous DJ,St Clair D,Davis I,Blackwood DH,Muir WJ

更新日期：2008-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Murine Ly-6-encoded molecules play an important role in the antigen-independent activation of lymphocytes. We have described the cloning of a cDNA encoding the protein component of an Ly-6 molecule. Hybridization studies indicated that this cDNA identified multiple DNA fragments on Southern blots. The banding pattern ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： LeClair KP,Rabin M,Nesbitt MN,Pravtcheva D,Ruddle FH,Palfree RG,Bothwell A

更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Papillomaviruses are small DNA viruses that are associated with benign and malignant epithelial lesions, including >95% of cervical cancers and approximately 20% of head and neck cancers. Because papillomavirus replication and virion production are tied to epithelial cell differentiation, infectious papillomavirus vir...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pyeon D,Lambert PF,Ahlquist P

更新日期：2005-06-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The reactivities of N-iodosuccinimide and iodine with various goitrogenic compounds were studied with dimethylsulfoxide through which nitrogen had been bubbled as a solvent. Although iodine does not react with all of the compounds, N-iodosuccinimide does react with all of them. N-Iodosuccinimide may, therefore, serve ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jirousek L,Soodak M

更新日期：1973-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:FK506-binding protein 52 (FKBP52), which binds FK506 and possesses peptidylprolyl isomerase activity, is an important immunophilin involved in the heterocomplex of steroid receptors with heat-shock protein 90. Here we report the crystal structures of two overlapped fragments [N(1-260) and C(145-459)] of FKBP52 and the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wu B,Li P,Liu Y,Lou Z,Ding Y,Shu C,Ye S,Bartlam M,Shen B,Rao Z

更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Reaction networks displaying bistability provide a chemical mechanism for long-term memory storage in cells, as exemplified by many epigenetic switches. These biological systems are not only bistable but switchable, in the sense that they can be flipped from one state to the other by application of specific molecular ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Padirac A,Fujii T,Rondelez Y

更新日期：2012-11-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Although prostate cancer (CaP) is the most frequently diagnosed malignant tumor and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in American men, the mechanisms explaining the development and progression of CaP remain largely unknown. Recent studies have shown that some aberrantly expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) are involve...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shi XB,Xue L,Yang J,Ma AH,Zhao J,Xu M,Tepper CG,Evans CP,Kung HJ,deVere White RW

更新日期：2007-12-11 00:00:00

abstract：:A gamma-trace variant protein is the major constituent of the amyloid fibrils in patients from Iceland with hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis. The protein consists of 110 residues and is similar to human urinary gamma-trace basic protein (or cystatin C) beginning at its 11th amino-terminal residue. It ha...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ghiso J,Jensson O,Frangione B

更新日期：1986-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The human foamy virus (HFV) genome possesses three open reading frames (bel 1, 2, and 3) located between env and the 3' long terminal repeat. By analogy to other human retroviruses this region was selected as the most likely candidate to encode the viral transactivator. Results presented here confirmed this and showed...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rethwilm A,Erlwein O,Baunach G,Maurer B,ter Meulen V

更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cloned 3.18 kilobase fragments of Xenopus laevis DNA containing genes for tRNAMet1 and for at least one other 4S RNA species are transcribed rapidly after their injection into the nucleus of X. laevis oocytes. The newly synthesized RNA can be resolved by gel electrophoresis into a few predominant 4S RNA species and a ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kressmann A,Clarkson SG,Pirrotta V,Birnstiel ML

更新日期：1978-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent advances in metabolic engineering have demonstrated that microbial biosynthesis can provide a viable alternative to chemical synthesis for the production of bulk and fine chemicals. Introduction of a new biosynthetic pathway typically requires the expression of multiple heterologous enzymes in the production ho...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Michener JK,Nielsen J,Smolke CD

更新日期：2012-11-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Type I Interferons (IFNs) are requisite components in antiviral innate immunity. Classically, a Toll-like receptor-dependent pathway induces type I interferons. However, recent recognition of melanoma differentiation associated gene-5 (MDA-5) and retinoic acid inducible gene-I (RIG-I) as primary sensors of RNA viruses...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sarkar D,Desalle R,Fisher PB

更新日期：2008-11-04 00:00:00

abstract：:We report the direct measurement of thermodynamic properties of colloidal hard spheres by optical microscopy. By using confocal microscopy, we obtain three-dimensional snapshots of a colloidal hard-sphere suspension over a wide range of densities. From these snapshots, the available volume to insert an additional sphe...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dullens RP,Aarts DG,Kegel WK

更新日期：2006-01-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies have shown that binding of interleukin 1 (IL-1) to its receptor and intracellular processing of the IL-1/IL-1 receptor complex appear to be different in B- and T-lymphocyte cell lines. In this study we used a B-lymphoid cell line, 70Z/3, and T-lymphoid cell line, EL-4 6.1 C10, to explore further the d...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bomsztyk K,Sims JE,Stanton TH,Slack J,McMahan CJ,Valentine MA,Dower SK

更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00