Direct measurement of the free energy by optical microscopy.

abstract：:AB-type toxins, like other bacterial toxins, are notably opportunistic molecules. They rely on target cell receptors to reach the appropriate location within the target cell where translocation of their enzymatic subunits occurs. The anthrax toxin, however, times its own uptake, suggesting that toxin binding triggers ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Abrami L,Kunz B,van der Goot FG

更新日期：2010-01-26 00:00:00

abstract：:A method is presented for starting from a very-low-energy high-dimensional conformation and obtaining a low-energy three-dimensional structure by gradual contraction of the dimensionality. The contraction in dimensionality is achieved by use of Cayley-Menger determinants, of which a simplified form is derived here. Pr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Purisima EO,Scheraga HA

更新日期：1986-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:High-throughput gene expression data are one of the primary resources for exploring complex intracellular dynamics in modern biology. The integration of large amounts of public data may allow us to examine general dynamical relationships between regulators and target genes. However, obstacles for such analyses are stu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vandenbon A,Dinh VH,Mikami N,Kitagawa Y,Teraguchi S,Ohkura N,Sakaguchi S

更新日期：2016-04-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Human papillomavirus type 18 (HPV-18) infects genital squamous epithelium and is an etiological agent of cervical cancer. Cell-type-specific expression of HPV-18 is directed by the region upstream of the viral early genes that contains a transcriptional enhancer whose function is dependent solely on cellular factors. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mack DH,Laimins LA

更新日期：1991-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A remarkable property of Ca2+ fluxes through the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3)-gated Ca2+ channel is that successive increments of InsP3 induce repeated transient release of accumulated Ca2+. The initial aim of this study was to propose a model, based on hypotheses compatible with the current description of thi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Swillens S,Combettes L,Champeil P

更新日期：1994-10-11 00:00:00

abstract：:We introduce a family of fast ordered upwind methods for approximating solutions to a wide class of static Hamilton-Jacobi equations with Dirichlet boundary conditions. Standard techniques often rely on iteration to converge to the solution of a discretized version of the partial differential equation. Our fast method...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sethian JA,Vladimirsky A

更新日期：2001-09-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Nicks within one strand of the bacteriophage T5 DNA molecule act as " weak points" for a novel kind mechanical breakage that can be utilized for "dissecting" the genome. The products from sheared T5(+) DNA include five unique double-stranded segments of the molecule and various combinations of adjacent segments. These...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hayward GS

更新日期：1974-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ca2+ ions control the cGMP-gated channel of rod photoreceptor cells from the external and internal face. We studied ion selectivity and blockage by Ca2+ of wild-type and mutant channels in a heterologous expression system. External Ca2+ blocks the inward current at micromolar concentrations in a highly voltage-depende...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Eismann E,Müller F,Heinemann SH,Kaupp UB

更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Unit electrical activity was recorded from single neurons in the isolated lumbo-sacral spinal cord of 14- to 19-day chick embryos, in situ. Spinal cord transection was combined with transection of all lumbo-sacral dorsal roots. The spontaneous discharge of cells is confined, for the most part, to the lower two thirds ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sharma SC,Provine RR,Hamburger V,Sandel TT

更新日期：1970-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This perspective addresses recent advances in lipid transport across the Gram-negative inner and outer membranes. While we include a summary of previously existing literature regarding this topic, we focus on the maintenance of lipid asymmetry (Mla) pathway. Discovered in 2009 by the Silhavy group [J. C. Malinverni, T...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Powers MJ,Trent MS

更新日期：2019-08-27 00:00:00

abstract：:We used a high-titer recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vector to express WT or mutant human alpha-synuclein in the substantia nigra of adult marmosets. The alpha-synuclein protein was expressed in 90-95% of all nigral dopamine neurons and distributed by anterograde transport throughout their axonal and dendrit...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kirik D,Annett LE,Burger C,Muzyczka N,Mandel RJ,Björklund A

更新日期：2003-03-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The human chaperonin Hsp60 is thought to play a role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease by mitigating against intracellular β-amyloid stress. Here, we show that the bacterial homolog GroEL (51% sequence identity) reduces the neurotoxic effects of amyloid-β(1-42) (Aβ42) on human neural stem cell-derived neuronal...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wälti MA,Steiner J,Meng F,Chung HS,Louis JM,Ghirlando R,Tugarinov V,Nath A,Clore GM

更新日期：2018-12-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Peroxisomes play an essential role in a number of different metabolic pathways, including the beta-oxidation of a distinct set of fatty acids and fatty acid derivatives. The importance of the peroxisomal beta-oxidation system in humans is made apparent by the existence of a group of inherited diseases in which peroxis...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： van Grunsven EG,van Berkel E,Ijlst L,Vreken P,de Klerk JB,Adamski J,Lemonde H,Clayton PT,Cuebas DA,Wanders RJ

更新日期：1998-03-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyclic AMP concentrations were low for an adenylate cyclase-deficient mutant (cya(-)) and abnormally high for a catabolite receptor protein-deficient mutant (crp(-)). A fall in cellular cAMP concentration was always found when cells were subjected to transient repression. No consistent correlations were observed betwe...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wayne PK,Rosen OM

更新日期：1974-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recessive Stargardt's macular degeneration is a blinding disease of children caused by mutations in the ABCA4 (ABCR) gene. Mice with a knockout mutation in abcr accumulate toxic lipofuscin pigments in ocular tissues, similar to affected humans. The major fluorophore of lipofuscin is the bis-retinoid, N-retinylidene-N-...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Radu RA,Mata NL,Bagla A,Travis GH

更新日期：2004-04-20 00:00:00

abstract：:We have identified a gene, rig (rat insulinoma gene), that is activated in chemically induced rat insulinomas but not in normal pancreatic islets or in regenerating islets. In the present study, we have found that the insulinoma gene was activated in a BK virus-induced hamster insulinoma cell line and in a spontaneous...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Inoue C,Shiga K,Takasawa S,Kitagawa M,Yamamoto H,Okamoto H

更新日期：1987-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In recent years, a large body of research has demonstrated that judgments and behaviors can propagate from person to person. Phenomena as diverse as political mobilization, health practices, altruism, and emotional states exhibit similar dynamics of social contagion. The precise mechanisms of judgment propagation are ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Moussaïd M,Herzog SM,Kämmer JE,Hertwig R

更新日期：2017-04-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The catalytic generation of chiral ester enolate equivalents from α,β-unsaturated aldehydes with chiral N-hetereocyclic carbene catalysts makes possible highly enantioselective hetero-Diels-Alder reactions. The reactions proceed under simple, mild conditions with both aliphatic and aromatic substituted enals as substr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kaeobamrung J,Kozlowski MC,Bode JW

更新日期：2010-11-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Guinea pigs were immunized with liposomal model membranes containing phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) or glycerophosphorylethanolamine (GPE) derivatives in which the amino function was substituted with either dinitrophenylaminocaproyl (Dnp-Cap) or mono(p-azobenzenearsonic acid)tyrosyl (ABA-Tyr) residues. Previous studies...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kochibe N,Nicolotti RA,Davie JM,Kinsky SC

更新日期：1975-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mumps virus (MuV) is a highly contagious pathogen, and despite extensive vaccination campaigns, outbreaks continue to occur worldwide. The virus has a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA genome that is encapsidated by the nucleocapsid protein (N) to form the nucleocapsid (NC). NC serves as the template for both transc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cox R,Pickar A,Qiu S,Tsao J,Rodenburg C,Dokland T,Elson A,He B,Luo M

更新日期：2014-10-21 00:00:00

abstract：:How useful can machine learning be in a quantum laboratory? Here we raise the question of the potential of intelligent machines in the context of scientific research. A major motivation for the present work is the unknown reachability of various entanglement classes in quantum experiments. We investigate this question...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Melnikov AA,Poulsen Nautrup H,Krenn M,Dunjko V,Tiersch M,Zeilinger A,Briegel HJ

更新日期：2018-02-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Many chemoattractants cause chemotaxis of leukocytes by stimulating a structurally distinct class of G protein-coupled receptors. To identify receptor functions required for chemotaxis, we studied chemotaxis in HEK293 cells transfected with receptors for nonchemokine ligands or for interleukin 8 (IL-8), a classical ch...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Neptune ER,Bourne HR

更新日期：1997-12-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Within the Ig superfamily (IgSF), intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs) form a subfamily that binds the leukocyte integrin alphaLbeta2. We report a 1.65-A-resolution crystal structure of the ICAM-3 N-terminal domain (D1) in complex with the inserted domain, the ligand-binding domain of alphaLbeta2. This high-resolu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Song G,Yang Y,Liu JH,Casasnovas JM,Shimaoka M,Springer TA,Wang JH

更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A tremendous amount of radioactivity was discharged because of the damage to cooling systems of nuclear reactors in the Fukushima No. 1 nuclear power plant in March 2011. Fukushima and its adjacent prefectures were contaminated with fission products from the accident. Here, we show a geographical distribution of radio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kinoshita N,Sueki K,Sasa K,Kitagawa J,Ikarashi S,Nishimura T,Wong YS,Satou Y,Handa K,Takahashi T,Sato M,Yamagata T

更新日期：2011-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：:We tested a theoretical prediction that patterns of excitatory input activity that consistently fail to activate target neurons sufficiently to induce synaptic potentiation will instead cause a specific synaptic depression. To realize this situation experimentally, the Schaffer collateral projection to area CA1 in rat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dudek SM,Bear MF

更新日期：1992-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurons respond to sensory stimuli by altering the rate and temporal pattern of action potentials. These spike trains both encode and propagate information that guides behavior. Local inhibitory networks can affect the information encoded and propagated by neurons by altering correlations between different spike train...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Giridhar S,Doiron B,Urban NN

更新日期：2011-04-05 00:00:00

abstract：:We present a synthetic adaptation of the fibrillar adhesion surfaces found in nature. The structure consists of protruding fibrils topped by a thin plate and shows an experimentally measured enhancement in adhesion energy of up to a factor of 9 over a flat control. Additionally, this structure solves the robustness pr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Glassmaker NJ,Jagota A,Hui CY,Noderer WL,Chaudhury MK

更新日期：2007-06-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The placenta is essential for the success of therian mammalian reproduction. Intense selective pressure has shaped changes in placental anatomy and function during mammalian cladogenesis. Here we challenge the view that the hemochorial placenta is a derived feature in haplorhine primates. Using phylogenetic and statis...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wildman DE,Chen C,Erez O,Grossman LI,Goodman M,Romero R

更新日期：2006-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The functional capacities of CD8(+) T cells important for virus clearance are influenced by interactions with antigen presenting cells (APCs) and CD4(+) T cells during initial selection, subsequent expansion, and development of memory. Recently, investigators have shown that polyfunctional T cells correlate best with ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ndhlovu ZM,Oelke M,Schneck JP,Griffin DE

更新日期：2010-02-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Topographic sensory maps are a prominent feature of the adult primate brain. Here, we asked whether topographic representations of the body are present at birth. Using functional MRI (fMRI), we find that the newborn somatomotor system, spanning frontoparietal cortex and subcortex, comprises multiple topographic repres...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Arcaro MJ,Schade PF,Livingstone MS

更新日期：2019-12-03 00:00:00