Abstract：
:Total effective estrogenicity of several human oral contraceptives was investigated through a method determining uterine weight in immature rats. The preparations, normally given to human females in tablet, form were Norinyl-1 (.05 mg mestranol, 1mg norethindrone), Norinyl-2 (.10 mg mestranol, 2 mg norethindrone), Ovulen (.10 mg mestranol, 1mg ethynodiol diacetate), Enovid-E (.10 mg mestranol, 2.5 mg norethynodrel), and Enovid-5 (.075 mg mestranol, 5mg norethynodrel). Each products was administered in total doses of .0025, .005, and .01 of a tablet. Each dose had 3 trials, approximately 10 mice to a trial. Each mouse was given the compound in .2 ml aqueous vehicle orally, daily for a 3-day period so that the sum of the daily doses equaled 1 of the tablet fractions above. Autopsy, on Day 4, discovered the ratio of mg uterus/gm body weight. A .0025 fraction of a tablet of Norinyl-1 produced a mean uterine ratio of 1.79, while control (untreated) mice had a mean ratio of 1.06. Norinyl-2, Ovulen, Enovid-5 and Enovid-E, judging from the corresponding increases in ratios from the control ratio, were found to be 2.1, 2.7, 6, and 8 times, respectively, more estrogenic than Norinyl-1. The relatively high estrogenicity of the Enovids is probably due to the conversion of norethynodrel to estrogenic compounds.
journal_name
Fertil Steriljournal_title
Fertility and sterilityauthors
Rooks WH 2nd,Kugler SL,Dorfman RIdoi
10.1016/s0015-0282(16)36671-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1968-05-01 00:00:00pages
419-23issue
3eissn
0015-0282issn
1556-5653pii
S0015-0282(16)36671-7journal_volume
19pub_type
杂志文章abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate the relationship between economic activities, insurance mandates, and the use of in vitro fertilization (IVF) in the United States. DESIGN:We examined the correlation between the coincident index (a proxy for overall economic conditions) and IVF use at the national level from 2000 to 2011. We ...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.10.042
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate how endometriosis affects expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in granulosa cells. DESIGN:Prospective study. SETTING:IVF-ET program at Osaka Medical College. PATIENT(S):Seventeen patients with revised American Fertility Society stage IV endometriosis ...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0015-0282(02)03339-3
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:This report describes an unusual case in which a naturally conceived pregnancy is associated with spontaneous ovarian hyperstimulation and hypothyroidism. DESIGN:Case report. SETTING:University medical center. PATIENT(S):A 30-year-old pregnant woman with abdominal pain and distension caused by ovarian hype...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.12.003
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate whether the use of theophylline improves sperm motility and treatment outcome in frozen-thawed testicular sperm extraction (TESE). DESIGN:Artificial sperm activation was offered to azoospermic patients between January and October 2010 in two different centers (identical lab conditions). SETTING:...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.08.041
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To measure free T, free E2, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels in oligozoospermic men with varicoceles. DESIGN:Retrospective study. PATIENTS:Sixty-four infertile patients with varicoceles. SETTING:A university-based tertiary care referral center. INTERVENTIONS:Assessment of seminal cellular ch...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To develop a baseline for projected studies of a rat endometriosis model. DESIGN:We investigated the effects of two macrophage-related growth factors, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), on proliferation, in vitro differentiation, and protein secretion of ute...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Forty-four women were prospectively evaluated with a 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test while they used a new weekly oral contraceptive drug, R2323. The blood tests were carried out before the drug was administered and again 3 months after its use. Both blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were measured. In the 40 ...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0015-0282(16)43513-2
更新日期：1978-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To analyze the results of ongoing pregnancies and deliveries after assisted reproductive technology (ART) in women aged >/=41 years, stratified by year of age. DESIGN:Retrospective study. SETTING:University hospital, IVF unit. PATIENT(S):A total of 431 IVF and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0015-0282(00)00697-x
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate the expression and localization of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) in women with and without endometriosis. DESIGN:Comparative immunohistochemical study. SETTING:Academic medical center. PATIENT(S):Ectopic (n = 24) and homologous eutopic endometrium (n = 24) f...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.12.067
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate how varicocele repair (VR) impacts pregnancy (PRs) and live birth rates in infertile couples undergoing assisted reproduction wherein the male partner has oligospermia or azoospermia and a history of varicocele. DESIGN:Systematic review and meta-analysis. SETTING:Not applicable. PATIENT(S):Azoo...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.07.1093
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have evaluated the clinical utility of the serum chlamydial antibody value by ELISA in predicting the severity of tubal factor infertility quantified by the use of a previously reported pelvic scoring system. Significant differences in salpingitis scores, tubal occlusion scores, adhesion scores, and pelvic stages w...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0015-0282(16)55579-4
更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study compares the quality, developmental capacity and global gene expression profile of embryos generated from superovulated and natural cycles. We found that ovarian stimulation impaired quality of blastocysts (cell number: 68.9 +/- 6.9 vs. 76.8 +/- 7.9; diameter of blastocysts: 145.3 +/- 76.9 microm vs. 152.6 ...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.03.018
更新日期：2010-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:In ten ovarian endometriomas of diameter exceeding 30 mm, managed by complete vaporization of the inner surface using plasma energy followed by cystectomy, we performed histologic evaluation of the depth of necrosis and the effectiveness of endometrial tissue ablation. We observed that plasma energy allows the ablatio...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.11.038
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To assess the impact of a levonorgestrel-releasing implant contraceptive (Norplant; Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA) on glucose metabolism. DESIGN:Prospective evaluation of insulin action and secretion in women under hyperglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp conditions in the midfollicular phase befo...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the efficacy of sperm disomy rate as a predictor of preimplantation genetic screening (PGT-A) outcomes. DESIGN:Retrospective cohort study. SETTING:Andrology laboratory and in vitro fertilization center. PATIENT(S):All patients (n = 123) who underwent sperm fluorescence in situ hybridization and P...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.02.004
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the proportion of infertile women who prefer a multiple birth over a singleton, patient characteristics associated with this desire, and patient knowledge about the risks of multiple births. DESIGN:Prospective analysis. SETTING:Academic university hospital-based infertility center and private g...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.fertnstert.2003.05.035
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was conducted to investigate the effects of unilateral cryptorchidism on androgen production and testicular maturation. Experimental cryptorchidism was produced in small and large prepuberal guinea pigs by forcing the testis to remain in the abdomen for a period of 30 days. Small prepuberal animals, which d...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1975-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effects of tamoxifen treatment on sperm density, motility, vitality, and morphology. DESIGN:Placebo-controlled, randomized study. SETTING:Outpatient department. INTERVENTIONS:Patients were assigned to two comparable groups: group A (n = 122) was treated with 10 mg tamoxifen twice daily for ...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0015-0282(16)56705-3
更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine if the solubilized human zona pellucida (ZP)-induced acrosome reaction is mediated by protein kinases. DESIGN:Capacitated spermatozoa were incubated with inhibitors of cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent kinase (KT5720), Ca(2+)- and phospholipid-dependent kinase (Calphostin C),...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine a successful method of selecting patients for natural cycle IVF combined with in vitro maturation (IVM) of immature oocytes and to determine treatment efficacy. DESIGN:Retrospective analysis of IVF treatments. SETTING:Hospital IVF clinic. PATIENT(S):Women with infertility according to ovarian ...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.01.066
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To visualize by microhysteroscopy any possible lesions on the endocervix and endometrium made by the catheters commonly used for embryo transfer (ET). DESIGN:Prospective descriptive study. Tertiary fertility center (IFER). PATIENT(S):Twenty-three infertile patients underwent a mock transfer before a microhy...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0015-0282(03)00607-1
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the importance of salpingoscopy together with laparoscopy in the diagnosis of tubal pathology. DESIGN:Salpingoscopy was performed as a complementary method in patients who were subjected to diagnostic laparoscopy. The relationship between the salpingoscopy and (1) the patient's previous history o...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0015-0282(16)54952-8
更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The influence of high-dose anabolic steroid administration on endocrine and semen parameters of 41 bodybuilders (age, 26.7 +/- 0.7 years [mean +/- SEM]; height, 182 +/- 1 cm; weight, 97.5 +/- 2.0 kg) was investigated. History of anabolic steroid administration was recorded retrospectively, and results of semen analysi...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0015-0282(16)53172-0
更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To compare the effect of high serum E(2) levels on endometrial steroid receptors in gonadotropin-stimulated cycles (hCG + 7) and natural cycles (LH + 7), and to study its effect on spheroid attachment. DESIGN:Observational. SETTING:University hospital. PATIENT(S):Infertile patient with normal menstrual cyc...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.06.015
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Reducing exposure to toxic environmental agents is a critical area of intervention for obstetricians, gynecologists, and other reproductive health care professionals. Patient exposure to toxic environmental chemicals and other stressors is ubiquitous, and preconception and prenatal exposure to toxic environmental agen...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.08.043
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of maternal preovulatory serum and human fetal cord serum supplement in culture medium in human in vitro fertilization and embryo development were compared in 208 cases over an 8-month period when there were no significant changes in other variables. A significantly higher pregnancy rate was observed in th...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0015-0282(16)47537-0
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To reduce estrogen exposure in women with endometrial cancer undergoing in vitro fertilization using an aromatase inhibitor. DESIGN:Prospective case series. SETTING:Academic center for reproductive medicine. PATIENT(S):Endometrial carcinoma patients presenting for fertility preservation or fresh embryo tra...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.12.068
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the changes of pain symptoms induced by buserelin acetate, a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist, in a group of patients with endometriosis. DESIGN:Thirty-five infertile patients with one or more of the following symptoms (dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain, deep dyspareunia, and endometriosis stage I ...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0015-0282(16)55792-6
更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To compare the agonist flare-up and antagonist protocols in the management of poor responders to the standard long down-regulation protocol. DESIGN:Retrospective comparative study. SETTING:Assisted conception center. PATIENT(S):One hundred thirty-four patients undergoing IVF/ intracytoplasmic sperm injecti...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.07.963
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To design protein phosphatase 1 (PP1)-disrupting peptides covalently coupled to inert cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) as sychnologically organized bioportide constructs as a strategy to modulate sperm motility. DESIGN:Experimental study. SETTING:Academic research laboratory. PATIENT(S)/ANIMAL(S):Normozoos...
journal_title：Fertility and sterility
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.08.013
更新日期：2020-09-22 00:00:00
