Abstract：
:Pinealectomized and intact chicks raised under cyclic (14L:10D) and noncyclic (OL;24L) conditions of environmental lighting were sampled 60 hr and 6 weeks after pinealectomy to evaluate the effects of pineal ablation on plasma and ocular melatonin concentrations. Little or no immunoreactive melatonin was present in plasma 60 hr after pinealectomy, while appreciable amounts (38-70% of control values) were measurable 6 weeks later. We also found photoperiod to be an important variable in determining the relative amounts of melatonin present in the eyes and the pineal gland. At night or in continuous darkness, the eyes contain proportionately larger amounts of melatonin; by day, or in continuous light, they contain less. Finally, it was determined that pinealectomy significantly increases ocular melatonin concentrations (+ 62-80%) in chicks raised in the 14L:10D and 24L environments. These results show that compensatory mechanisms exist for maintaining circulating levels of melatonin in the absence of the pineal, and that they require some time to develop. Furthermore, there appears to be a dynamic interrelationship between the eyes and the pineal gland in terms of melatonin production. This is evidenced by the differential effects of environmental lighting on melatonin concentrations in these tissues and by the increased ocular concentrations of melatonin in pinealectomized animals.
journal_name
Gen Comp Endocrinoljournal_title
General and comparative endocrinologyauthors
Osol G,Schwartz B,Foss DCdoi
10.1016/0016-6480(85)90114-5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1985-06-01 00:00:00pages
415-20issue
3eissn
0016-6480issn
1095-6840journal_volume
58pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Quantification of glucocorticoid metabolites in feces has been shown to be a powerful tool in evaluating well-being in vertebrates. Little is known however about the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to stressors, and consequent glucocorticoid excretion, in reptiles. In a longitudinal study, fecal corticost...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.02.017
更新日期：2012-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Maternally derived yolk steroids have been found to elicit both short-term and long-term effects on offspring phenotype. Paradoxically, their effects can be strikingly specific given the often substantial concentrations present at oviposition, and they do not appear to uniformly affect all steroid-sensitive processes....
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.01.018
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Muskrat is a seasonal breeder, males of which secret musk from paired perineal scented glands found beneath the skin at the ventral base of the tail for attracting female during the breeding season. The aim of this study was to investigate the seasonal changes of expression of androgen receptor (AR) in the scented gla...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.04.031
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of this study was to document the expression and functional role of BMPs in the placental (caruncle; CAR, cotyledon; COT) during different stages of pregnancy in water buffalo. Samples collected from Early pregnancy 1 (EP1); Early pregnancy 2 (EP2), Mid pregnancy (MP), Late pregnancy (LP) while the third...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.113249
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aromatase is the key enzyme for estrogen biosynthesis and is encoded by Cyp19 gene. Placental cotyledons are the main site of Cyp19 gene expression during pregnancy. The present study was aimed to investigate if DNA methylation and thus epigenetic mechanisms play a potential role in stage-specific regulation of Cyp19 ...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.07.012
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Changes in plasma cortisol and glucose concentration were studied in carp during acclimation from fresh water (FW) to 1.5% salt water and vice versa. There was an increase in cortisol and glucose concentration during acclimation from FW to salt water which lasted for several days. Reacclimation to FW did not cause cle...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0016-6480(84)90155-2
更新日期：1984-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There has been remarkable progress in discoveries made in the avian brain, particularly over the past two decades. This review first highlights some of the discoveries made in the forebrain and credits the Avian Brain Nomenclature Forum, responsible for changing many of the terms found in the cerebrum and for stimulat...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.09.003
更新日期：2018-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Three distinct thyroid hormone receptor (TR) cDNAs (gTRalphaA, gTRalphaB and gTRbeta) were cloned and sequenced in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). The cDNA of gTRalphaA consisted of 1555-bp and encoded a putative protein of 416 amino acids, while the cDNA of gTRalphaB consisted of 1459-bp and encoded 39...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2008.08.015
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system in teleosts consists of two ligands, IGF-I and IGF-II, multiple binding proteins, and high-affinity transmembrane receptors. There exists a large gap in our knowledge of the structure and expression of receptors mediating the biological effects of the IGFs in teleosts. For e...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/gcen.1999.7311
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rhythmicity of thyroid follicle structure, cell division, and T4 secretion in vitro was studied in anuran tadpoles on a 12L:12D cycle with light onset at 0800 hr. Stage XIII Rana pipiens larvae had a significant circadian rhythm of follicle lumen diameter (acrophase 1052 hr). Follicle cell height was higher at 0900 hr...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/gcen.1995.1087
更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The copepod Calanus finmarchicus is the most abundant zooplankton species in the North Atlantic. While the life history of this crustacean is well studied, little is known about its peptidergic signaling systems despite the fact that these pathways are undoubtedly important components of its physiological/behavioral c...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.03.018
更新日期：2013-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Species differences in the effect of male gonadal androgens on male growth are considered a possible mechanism allowing shifts in magnitude and even direction of sexual size dimorphism (SSD) in squamate reptiles. According to the bipotential growth regulation hypothesis, the androgen testosterone (T) enhances male gro...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.03.016
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-like system has been identified in eels (Anguilla anguilla, A. rostrata, and A. japonica) with immunocytochemical techniques. Immunoreactive perikarya were located in the preoptic area, in magno- and parvocellular regions of the preoptic nucleus. Fine fibers reached the pituitary...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0016-6480(88)90092-5
更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vitellogenesis in tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus) on Stephens Island, New Zealand, at the southern (coolest) end of the geographical range of this species involves a prolonged period of about 3 years of the average 4-year reproductive cycle. These studies used a semiquantitative electrophoretic assay for vitellogenin (V...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/gcen.1994.1117
更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the seasonal and daily variation in plasma glucose levels in response to stress in captive wild starlings. Starlings were captured from the wild during the winter, held on short days (11L:13D, mimicking winter), and then shifted to long days (19L:5D, mimicking summer). Birds were maintained on long day...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/gcen.2000.7492
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ecdysis, or the shedding of the old cuticle, depends on coordinated stereotyped behaviors, regulated by a number of neuropeptides. In the hornworm, Manduca sexta, two neuropeptides interact, namely ecdysis-triggering hormone (ETH) and eclosion hormone. We looked at the effects of ETH in vivo and in vitro, on the brain...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.08.008
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:European silver eels are thought to undergo sexual maturation during their oceanic reproductive migration from the European continent to their spawning area in the Sargasso Sea. Tracking data and various anatomical and physiological features suggest that silver eels migrate in deep sea, leading us to hypothesise that ...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2007.01.009
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fecal steroid analysis is an increasingly common non-invasive technique used in both captive and field studies to measure an animal's approximate hormonal levels and corresponding physiological state. Fecal collection in the field necessitates storage and transportation methods that will prevent the degradation of hor...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2006.06.010
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The conversion in vitro of cholesterol (Ch) to nonpolar metabolites and ecdysteroids was studied in Y-organs of the xanthid crab, Menippe mercenaria. In one set of experiments, Y-organs were prelabeled in vivo by injecting crabs with 100 microCi of [3H]Ch, and halved glands were then incubated for 24 and 48 hr in the ...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0016-6480(92)90255-i
更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a member of the vertebrate insulin/insulin-like growth factor/relaxin gene family necessary for growth, reproduction, and survival at both the cellular and organismal level. Its sequence, protein structure, and function have been characterized in mammals, birds, and fish; howeve...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.04.022
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Traditional views suggest that growth hormone and the growth hormone receptor (GH/GHR complex) exert their functions only on the plasma membrane. This paradigm, however, has been challenged by recent new findings that the GH/GHR complex could translocate into cell nuclei where they could still exhibit important physio...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.05.002
更新日期：2018-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The serotonin system has been implicated in the modulation of endocrine and behavioral components of reproduction. In this study, we examined endogenous hypothalamic indolamines during sexual differentiation and long-term effects of exogenous steroids during this time. In Experiment 1, Japanese quail were studied duri...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0016-6480(02)00524-5
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Measurement of fish steroids in water provides a non-invasive alternative to measurement in blood samples, offering the following advantages: zero or minimal intervention (i.e. no anaesthetic, bleeding or handling stress); results not being biased by sampling stress; repeat measurements on the same fish; the possibili...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2006.11.006
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The complete amino acid sequences of alpha subunits of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) gonadotropins (GTHs), GTH I and GTH II, were determined. Subunits were separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Two alpha subunits, I alpha 1 and I alpha 2, were obtained from GTH I, whereas only one alpha...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0016-6480(90)90047-p
更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The developmental hypothesis proposes that the adrenocortical response to stress during postnatal development in birds should not develop when the benefits of elevated corticosterone do not outweigh the deleterious effects on growth and development. We tested three predictions developed from this hypothesis in free-li...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.06.009
更新日期：2010-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Cholecystokinin (CCK) and gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) are gastrointestinal peptides thought to be important regulators of intake and digestion of food in vertebrates. In this study, pre- and postprandial plasma levels of CCK and GRP were measured in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by the establishment of homol...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2006.02.016
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In gravid female goldfish held at 10-12 degrees, a single injection of des Gly10,[D-Ala6]luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone ethylamide (LHRH-A), or 2 injections of LHRH-A given 12 hr apart, increased serum gonadotropin (GtH) concentrations, but did not stimulate germinal vesicle migration or ovulation. Injection of...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0016-6480(83)90155-7
更新日期：1983-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of growth. The study of goldfish GHRH and its receptor is of particular interest as it is so far the only animal model in which two forms of GHRH-like (catfish-like and salmon-like) peptides coexist, and these peptides share only 30-40% of ...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2004.09.010
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Birds may react to the presence of humans with an immediate primary behavioural reaction and with physiological responses, such as the activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. This study investigates the suite of behavioural and adrenocortical responses to the presence of humans and to handling in two sub...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2006.02.012
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cytochrome P450 17A1 (P450c17) is the key enzyme required for the production of androgenic sex steroids by converting progestogens to androgens. 5α-reductases are enzymes that convert testosterone (T) to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which has a greater affinity for androgen receptors (AR) and stronger action than T. Our...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.09.015
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
