Abstract：
:Color vision in humans is independent over a wide range of the spectral composition of the illuminating light (Young 1807; Hering 1879). The retinex theory accounts for this color constancy by assuming that for each of the three waveband channels determined by the retinal cones a global lightness record of the scene is first computed by the visual system. The three records then serve to generate color at every point (Land 1983). Where do these computations take place? In this report a scene consisting of fourteen colored fields was viewed while one band of wavelengths enters one eye and a different band enters the other (dichoptic case) or while both bands enter both eyes (normal case) under otherwise identical conditions. The perceived color of every field is very similar in both cases although the physical stimulation of the eyes differs. It is also found that color constancy is maintained under dichoptic conditions. The results show that the cortex is crucial for the computation of color.
journal_name
Biol Cybernjournal_title
Biological cyberneticsauthors
Wehrhahn Cdoi
10.1007/BF00338814subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1987-01-01 00:00:00pages
213-5issue
4-5eissn
0340-1200issn
1432-0770journal_volume
57pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Two different chaotic time series analysis methods--the correlation dimension and nonlinear forecasting--are introduced and then used to process the interspike intervals (ISI) of the action potential trains propagated along a single nerve fiber of the anesthetized rat. From the results, the conclusion is drawn that co...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004220050422
更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A neural model is proposed for the spatiotemporal properties of simple cells in the visual cortex. In the model, several cortical cells are arranged on a ring, with mutual excitatory or inhibitory connections. The cells also receive excitatory inputs either from lagged and nonlagged cells of the lateral geniculate nuc...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004220050383
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) determines the evolution of the synaptic weights according to their pre- and post-synaptic activity, which in turn changes the neuronal activity. In this paper, we extend previous studies of input selectivity induced by (STDP) for single neurons to the biologically interesting ...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00422-009-0319-4
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A linear analogue network model is proposed to describe the neuronal circuit of the outer retina consisting of cones, horizontal cells, and bipolar cells. The model reflects previous physiological findings on the spatial response properties of these neurons to dim illumination and is expressed by physiological mechani...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004220050377
更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The peripheral auditory system of lizards has been extensively studied, because of its remarkable directionality. In this paper, we review the research that has been performed on this system using a biorobotic approach. The various robotic implementations developed to date, both wheeled and legged, of the auditory mod...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00422-016-0701-y
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A nonstationary signal analysis technique is introduced, which regards an oscillatory physiological signal as a sum of its fragments, presented in the form of a fragmentary decomposition (FD). The virtue of FD is that it is free of the necessity to choose a priori the basis functions intended for signal analysis or sy...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004220050575
更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present report presents an attempt to define the physiological parameter used to describe "voice tremor" in psychological stress evaluating machines, and to find its sources. This parameter was found to be a low frequency (5-20 Hz) random process which frequency modulates the vocal cord waveform and (independently...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00340063
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The trace version of classical conditioning is used as a prototypical hippocampal-dependent task to study the recoding sequence prediction theory of hippocampal function. This theory conjectures that the hippocampus is a random recoder of sequences and that, once formed, the neuronal codes are suitable for prediction....
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00422-005-0568-9
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A new association scheme which can still recall appropriate data when some key elements are missing (blank) is presented. The traditional associative memory models are designed to deal with complete (memorized) keys, but in the real world, key elements are often missing due to error, equipment failure, observation dif...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00317975
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have attempted to reconcile the different patterns of distribution of interspike intervals that are found in motoneurones made to discharge by intracellular injection of constant current in reduced animal preparations and by voluntary control in human subjects. We recorded long spike trains from single motor units ...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00204057
更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In internally coupled ears (ICE), the displacement of one eardrum creates pressure waves that propagate through air-filled passages in the skull, causing a displacement of the opposing eardrum and vice versa. In this review, a thorough mathematical analysis of the membranes, passages, and propagating pressure waves re...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00422-016-0696-4
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurons receive a continual stream of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs. A conductance-based neuron model is used to investigate how the balanced component of this input modulates the amplitude of neuronal responses. The output spiking rate is well described by a formula involving three parameters: the mean mu...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00422-003-0408-8
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A computational model of a learning system (LS) is described that acquires knowledge and skill necessary for optimal control of a multisegmental limb dynamics (controlled object or CO), starting from "knowing" only the dimensionality of the object's state space. It is based on an optimal control problem setup differen...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00422-003-0452-4
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rotations of the eye are generated by the torques that the eye muscles apply to the eye. The relationship between eye orientation and the direction of the torques generated by the extraocular muscles is therefore central to any understanding of the control of three-dimensional eye movements of any type. We review the ...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00422-004-0477-3
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One of the major goals in cellular neurobiology is the meaningful cell classification. However, in cell classification there are many unresolved issues that need to be addressed. Neuronal classification usually starts with grouping cells into classes according to their main morphological features. If one tries to test...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00422-011-0426-x
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The proposal that rod outer segment length is optimal with respect to photon absorption and noise control is extended and tested in a number of species. We find good agreement with our optimality criterion in duplex retinae where rods act as detectors of one or a few photons, but not in all rod retinae nor in those wh...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00203666
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Leg movements of stick insects (Carausius morosus) making turns towards visual targets are examined in detail, and a dynamic model of this behaviour is proposed. Initial results suggest that front legs shape most of the body trajectory, while the middle and hind legs just follow external forces (Rosano H, Webb B, in T...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00422-007-0170-4
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper develops a novel control system for functional electrical stimulation (FES) locomotion, which aims to generate normal locomotion for paraplegics via FES. It explores the possibility of applying ideas from biology to engineering. The neural control mechanism of the biological motor system, the central patter...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00422-006-0107-3
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuronal excitability under stimuli with a complex time course is investigated on the basis of the numerical solution of the Hodgkin-Huxley equations. Each stimulus is composed of 100-1000 unitary excitatory postsynaptic potentials (uEPSP) that start randomly within a definite time window. Probability of initiating a ...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00209424
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this work we show the application of a measure of entropy defined from the wavelet transform, namely the wavelet entropy (WS), to the study of event-related potentials (ERPs). WS was computed for ERPs recorded from nine healthy subjects with three different types of stimuli, among them target stimuli in a cognitive...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004220000212
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The myoskeletal inverse dynamics problem and the myocybernetic control inverse problem were investigated with respect to their ill-posedness. The first problem consists of finding from observed experimental motion and reaction force data the resultant muscle moments that generated the observed motion, while the second...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004220050013
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When human subjects are presented with a pair of visual targets that alternate periodically, they track the targets with rapid eye movements known as saccades. In previous work we demonstrated that at low pacing rates (<0.5 Hz), saccades have a latency of about 180 ms, and the latencies are uncorrelated from trial to ...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00422-005-0584-9
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is shown that the models for the transduction process in photoreceptors which treat latency and amplification as integrated phenomena ("integrated models") yield time scales for single photon signals ("quantum bumps") which distinctly conflict with the experimentally observed ones for the ventral nerve photorecepto...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00204697
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We present a biologically oriented model that accounts for left-right discrimination in the cockroach's escape behavior. The model includes the main groups of neurons found to be involved in the escape response. Each one of the included neurons is described by the actual processes taking place in an individual neuron ...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004220050546
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:On the basis of paleological evidence, it has been suggested that biological evolution need not necessarily be characterized by gradual change. Rather, evolutionary history may display saltatory periods of rapid speciation alternating with periods of relative quiescence, the whole dynamic being called punctuated equil...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00203005
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two-dimensional scalar fields (e. g. pictures) are often described by way of a linear superposition of simple base functions. It is argued that such decompositions are often unnatural in the sense that the decomposition takes no regard of the structure of the field and it may happen that the parts are more complicated...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00337293
更新日期：1979-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper studies the performance of single-layered neural networks. This study begins with the performance of single-layered neural networks trained using the outer-product rule. The outer-product rule is a suboptimal learning scheme, resulting under certain assumptions from optimal least-squares training of single-...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00203135
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Between the extreme views concerning ontogenesis (genetic vs. environmental determination), we use a moderate approach: a somehow pre-established neuronal model network reacts to activity deviations (reflecting input to be compensated), and stabilizes itself during a complex feed-back process. Morphogenesis is based o...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00318417
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We propose a mathematical model of the human hypothalamus-anterior pituitary-thyroid system regulating basal metabolism, and practice computer simulation concerning primary thyropathy such as Graves' disease, hypothyroidism, T4-toxicosis and T3-toxicosis by use of this model. In order to throw light on properties of t...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00336982
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A multisegment, multijoint model of a falling animal is presented to examine the effectiveness of a two-stage control scheme in a zero-momentum self-righting maneuver. The model contains a much larger number of degrees of freedom than is required to execute a self-righting maneuver and is thus capable of providing mul...
journal_title：Biological cybernetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004220050488
更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00
