Abstract:
:Rotations of the eye are generated by the torques that the eye muscles apply to the eye. The relationship between eye orientation and the direction of the torques generated by the extraocular muscles is therefore central to any understanding of the control of three-dimensional eye movements of any type. We review the geometrical properties that dictate the relationship between muscle pulling direction and 3D eye orientation. We then show how this relation can be used to test the validity of oculomotor control hypotheses. We test the common modeling assumption that the extraocular muscle pairs can be treated as single bidirectional muscles. Finally, we investigate the consequences of assuming fixed muscle pulley locations when modeling the control of eye movements.
journal_name
Biol Cybernjournal_title
Biological cyberneticsauthors
Koene AR,Erkelens CJdoi
10.1007/s00422-004-0477-3keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-06-01 00:00:00pages
410-7issue
6eissn
0340-1200issn
1432-0770journal_volume
90pub_type
杂志文章abstract::A theoretical and experimental study on the detection of a square wave pattern of random dots is presented. Our theory applies to two-alternative forced choice experiments as well as to "seen"-"not seen" discrimination experiments. In our experiments we used the forced choice method. The theory provides a good descrip...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00318084
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A mathematical model for describing dynamic phenomena in the olfactory bulb is presented. The nature of attractors and the bifurcation sequences in terms of the lateral connection strength in the mitral layer are studied numerically. Chaotic activity has only been found in the case of strong excitatory coupling. Synap...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00201408
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We consider the description of a nonlinear stochastic transduction in terms of its input/output distribution. We construct a sequence of approximating maximum-entropy estimates from a finite set of input/output observations. This procedure extends the Wiener theory to the analysis of nonlinear stochastic transducers a...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00318425
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In motion-processing areas of the visual cortex in cats and monkeys, an anisotropic distribution of direction selectivities displays a preference for movements away from the fovea. This 'centrifugal bias' has been hypothetically linked to the processing of optic flow fields generated during forward locomotion. In this...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00201489
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Highly-interconnected networks of nonlinear analog neurons are shown to be extremely effective in computing. The networks can rapidly provide a collectively-computed solution (a digital output) to a problem on the basis of analog input information. The problems to be solved must be formulated in terms of desired optim...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00339943
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We propose a simple measure of neural sensitivity for characterizing stimulus coding. Sensitivity is defined as the fraction of neurons that show positive responses to n stimuli out of a total of N. To determine a positive response, we propose two methods: Fisherian statistical testing and a data-driven Bayesian appro...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00422-009-0297-6
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The order parameter equation for the relative phase of correlated hand movements, derived in a previous paper by Haken et al. (1985), is extended to a time-dependent stochastic differential equation. Its solutions are determined close to stationary points and for the transition region. Remarkably good agreement betwee...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00336995
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article compiles an expose of Valentino Braitenberg's singular view on neuroanatomy and neuroscience. The review emphasizes his topologically informed work on neuroanatomy and his dialectics of brain-based explanations of motor behavior. Some of his early ideas on topologically informed neuroanatomy are presented...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00422-012-0533-3
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The problem of estimating an unknown transient signal, given an ensemble of waveforms, in which this signal appears as a nonrandom component in the presence of additive noise is considered. This problem is solved by generalizing the method of "a posteriori 'Wiener' filtering". In the new method, the ensemble average i...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00340323
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Learning to make reaching movements in force fields was used as a paradigm to explore the system architecture of the biological adaptive controller. We compared the performance of a number of candidate control systems that acted on a model of the neuromuscular system of the human arm and asked how well the dynamics of...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004220050543
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We develop a novel optimal control algorithm to change the phase of an oscillator using a minimum energy input, which also minimizes the oscillator's transversal distance to the uncontrolled periodic orbit. Our algorithm uses a two-dimensional reduction technique based on both isochrons and isostables. We develop a no...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00422-018-0764-z
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In previous work it has been shown in posture experiments of the human arm that reflexive dynamics were substantial for narrow-band stochastic force disturbances. The estimated reflex gains varied substantially with the frequency content of the disturbances. The present study analyses a simplified linear model of the ...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/PL00007980
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synchronization of the oscillatory discharge of cortical neurons could be a part of the mechanism that is involved in cortical information processing. On the assumption that the basic functional unit is the column composed of local excitatory and inhibitory cells and generating oscillatory neural activity, a network m...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00202761
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously tried to explain perceptual inference and learning under a free-energy principle that pursues Helmholtz's agenda to understand the brain in terms of energy minimization. It is fairly easy to show that making inferences about the causes of sensory data can be cast as the minimization of a free-energy...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00422-010-0364-z
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Within the field of motor control, there is no consensus on which kinematic and kinetic aspects of movements are planned or controlled. Perturbing goal-directed movements is a frequently used tool to answer this question. To be able to draw conclusions about motor control from kinematic responses to perturbations, a m...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00422-012-0505-7
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Simulations of neural activity are commonly based on differential equations. We address the question what can be achieved with a simplified discrete model. The proposed model resembles artificial neural networks enriched with additional biologically inspired features. A neuron has several states, and the state transit...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00422-020-00826-w
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We propose a mathematical model of the human hypothalamus-anterior pituitary-thyroid system regulating basal metabolism, and practice computer simulation concerning primary thyropathy such as Graves' disease, hypothyroidism, T4-toxicosis and T3-toxicosis by use of this model. In order to throw light on properties of t...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00336982
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Isolated and cultured neonatal cardiac myocytes contract spontaneously and cyclically, and have the properties of a non-linear oscillator. In this study, we have analyzed the relationship between the fluctuation of contraction rhythm of spontaneously beating cultured cardiac myocytes, and the coupling strength among t...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00422-001-0285-y
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In neural networks the activation process controls the output as a nonlinear function of the input; and, this output remains bounded between limits as decided by a logistic function known as the sigmoid (S-shaped). Presently, by applying the considerations of Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics, the Langevin function is show...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00216966
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper studies the performance of single-layered neural networks. This study begins with the performance of single-layered neural networks trained using the outer-product rule. The outer-product rule is a suboptimal learning scheme, resulting under certain assumptions from optimal least-squares training of single-...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00203135
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human optokinetic response to a horizontally moving stripped pattern surrounding the subject was investigated under quasi-open and closed loop conditions. Open loop conditions were produced by the addition of an external signal from measured slow phase eye velocity to stripe velocity. A comparison of open and clos...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00453373
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurons receive a continual stream of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs. A conductance-based neuron model is used to investigate how the balanced component of this input modulates the amplitude of neuronal responses. The output spiking rate is well described by a formula involving three parameters: the mean mu...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00422-003-0408-8
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The membrane excitability changes as well as the underlying mechanisms of these changes in a normal and in a systematically paranodally demyelinated nerve fibre have been investigated by paired stimulation during the first 30 ms of the recovery cycle. The ionic current kinetics determining the observed changes in the ...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00217663
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of spatial frequency discrimination learning on spatial frequency detection tuning curves, obtained by a summation to threshold paradigm, has been investigated. Three human observers were exposed to a grating discrimination task for longer than two weeks, and their detection thresholds for compound Gabor gr...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/PL00007983
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stable signal transmission is crucial for information processing by the brain. Synfire-chains, defined as feed-forward networks of spiking neurons, are a well-studied class of circuit structure that can propagate a packet of single spikes while maintaining a fixed packet profile. Here, we studied the stable propagatio...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00422-008-0246-9
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tongue movements during speech production have been investigated by means of a simple yet realistic biomechanical model, based on a finite elements modeling of soft tissues, in the framework of the equilibrium point hypothesis (lambda-model) of motor control. In particular, the model has been applied to the estimation...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004220050362
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are two issues in balancing a stick pivoting on a finger tip (or mechanically on a moving cart): maintaining the stick angle near to vertical and maintaining the horizontal position within the bounds of reach or cart track. The (linearised) dynamics of the angle are second order (although driven by pivot acceler...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00422-013-0564-4
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A method is proposed to determine the rigid structure as well as the three dimensional motion of an object from a sequence of orthographically projected images. It is assumed that the velocities as well as the positions of the points attached to the object are observable in the images. The "instantaneous rigidity cond...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00335200
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the neural superposition eye of a dipteran fly every ommatidium has eight photoreceptors, each associated with a rhabdomere, two central and six peripheral, which altogether result in seven functional light guides. Groups of eight rhabdomeres in neighboring ommatidia have largely overlapping fields of view. Based o...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00422-006-0097-1
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::After a brief description of the main anatomical structures subserving the oculomotor responses during combined vestibular and optokinetic stimulations, a mathematical model is presented. With respect to a previous model by Schmid et al. (1980), a more accurate definition of the roles of the neural mechanisms involved...
journal_title:Biological cybernetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00319980
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00