Abstract：
RESEARCH QUESTION:How many spermatozoa and slides need to be counted to make a reliable assessment of sperm vitality? Currently, various authorities recommend assessing human sperm vitality on counts of at least 200 cells, but on one or two slides. DESIGN:This was an observational study on duplicate eosin-nigrosin stained sperm vitality slides made from 58 ejaculates. Assessments were made using counts of 2 × 100 and 1 × 200 cells per slide, all performed by the same trained expert observer. RESULTS:Although assessments tend to show fewer and smaller outlier values when based on counts of 200 spermatozoa than 100, and on 2 × 200 than 1 × 200, counting 200 spermatozoa from one slide provides a result with sufficient accuracy for the clinical purpose of ascertaining whether the immotile spermatozoa in an ejaculate showing low sperm motility are alive or dead. CONCLUSIONS:While the increased accuracy of results derived from counts of 2 × 200 cells might be important in research studies where sperm vitality is the specific end-point of interest, counting at least 200 spermatozoa from one smear is sufficiently accurate for the clinical purpose of establishing whether the immotile spermatozoa seen in ejaculates with low sperm motility are alive or not. Consequently, the extra workload of performing replicate counts and the associated calculations does not increase the clinical value of the result, and hence is unnecessary in routine semen analysis. Careful laboratory technique as well as proper staff training and competence are essential. The conclusions might not be applicable to staining methods other than the recommended one-step eosin-nigrosin technique.
journal_name
Reprod Biomed Onlinejournal_title
Reproductive biomedicine onlineauthors
Mortimer Ddoi
10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.03.002subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-06-01 00:00:00pages
851-855issue
6eissn
1472-6483issn
1472-6491pii
S1472-6483(20)30131-0journal_volume
40pub_type
杂志文章abstract：RESEARCH QUESTION:What are the optimal values of maternal age and body mass index (BMI), paternal age and BMI, number of oocytes retrieved, and serum AMH concentrations for cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) in IVF and embryo transfer (IVF-ET)? DESIGN:This retrospective cohort study included 9494 women who underwent th...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61142-x
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abstract：:This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of treatments for women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) who ovulate on clomiphene citrate but do not conceive after six cycles. A decision-analytic framework was developed for six scenarios: (1) three cycles of IVF; (2) continuation of clomiphene citrate for six cycles...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
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abstract：:Cell-free seminal mRNA (cfs-mRNA) contains testis-specific transcripts from bilateral testes. This study determined the presence of DEAD box polypeptide 4 (DDX4) in cfs-mRNA to identify and characterize the incidence of Sertoli cell-only (SCO) syndrome in men with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA). DDX4 cfs-mRNA was d...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rbmo.2016.05.001
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：RESEARCH QUESTION:What ethical implications, issues and concerns play a role in conducting follow-up studies of children born after assisted reproductive technologies (ART)? DESIGN:Literature study and relevant experiences of academic medical centres in Brussels, Belgium, and Maastricht, the Netherlands were used to i...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
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doi：10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.08.033
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journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1016/j.rbmo.2019.04.018
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Information regarding the growth and development of endometriomas during IVF-intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles is lacking. In this study, the aim was to estimate the influence of IVF-ICSI on the dimension of these cysts and to assess whether this treatment contributes to the manifestation of new endometri...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60099-5
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study aimed to investigate whether the spermatozoa-zona pellucida binding test is able to select spermatozoa with higher fertilization potential and higher rate of successful embryo development. This prospective study was performed with metaphase II (MII) oocytes retrieved from couples undergoing intracytoplasmic...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rbmo.2009.09.020
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The techniques currently used to treat infertility cases are quite limited in their capabilities, due to an incomplete understanding of the molecular activities of germ cells. Fortunately, several technologies are presently being researched that should aid the understanding of the various molecular causes of germ cell...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61738-5
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A cohort follow-up study was designed to compare the efficacy of IVF using frozen donor semen (IVF-D) following previously failed DI cycles (unexplained female infertility) and direct IVF-D treatment because of tubal infertility (control group). The cohort comprised 189 couples initiating IVF-D after previously failed...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61275-8
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this review will be to provide a basic understanding of the biophysical processes that accompany the application of cryopreservation in reproductive medicine. The ability to store cells in 'suspended animation' outside the body has become a keystone practice in the development of many modern clinical therap...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61780-4
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nuclei of mature mammalian spermatozoa are extraordinarily resistant to chemical and thermal injury. Additionally, decondensation of spermatozoa DNA can be accompanied by little or no visual changes of the sperm head. This study tested whether human spermatozoa could be recovered following several cycles of primer ext...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61882-2
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis International Society (PGDIS) was organized in October 2002, with the purpose of encouraging and co-ordinating research, education and training in this multidisciplinary field, requiring a close collaboration of obstetricians, fertility specialists, embryologists and human genetic...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 指南,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60567-6
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Male infertility represents one of the clearest examples of a complex disease with a substantial genetic basis. Numerous male mouse models, mutation screening and association studies reported over the last few years reveal the high prevalence of genetic causes of spermatogenic impairment, accounting for 10-15% of seve...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60677-3
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In their quest for a child, infertile couples embark on a journey that is full of expectations and hopes. Over recent years, treatment procedures for assisted conception have become safer and more efficient. However, couples undergoing treatment can still experience some degree of emotional stress due to disappointmen...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61078-4
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fertility-preservation techniques for medical reasons are increasingly offered in national networks. Knowledge of the characteristics of counselled patients and techniques used are essential. The FertiPROTEKT network registry was analysed between 2007 and 2013, and included up to 85 university and non-university centr...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rbmo.2015.07.013
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Premature LH and progesterone surges are associated with different factors and hormonal modulators. The aim of the present study was (i) to investigate the clinical and laboratory factors and (ii) to highlight the importance of different stimulation protocols in associated premature LH and progesterone surges in intra...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61751-8
更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：RESEARCH QUESTION:Does the composite morphology score or a particular developmental component (expansion stage, inner cell mass [ICM] or trophectoderm [TE]) of euploid blastocysts undergoing single frozen embryo transfer (FET) impact ongoing pregnancy/live birth (OP/LB) rates? DESIGN:Retrospective cohort study includi...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.10.007
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The high incidence of multiple pregnancies after application of techniques for assisted reproduction is a phenomenon of major concern worldwide. High order multiples in particular have to be regarded as a serious adverse event. However, data show that in Europe, although the situation varies from country to country, m...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1472-6483(10)62252-3
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since the development of assisted reproduction techniques most countries have witnessed increased rates of multiple pregnancy. Despite the guidelines proposed by various scientific societies these rates continue to be abnormally high. In Spain, as in other Mediterranean countries, a greater number of embryos are trans...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61035-8
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Reproductive strategies for the human species have basically remained unaltered since Homo sapiens first appeared, probably in the valleys of Africa: males have always attempted to pass their genes to the largest feasible number of females, selecting those females capable of providing the best quality of oocytes; fema...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1472-6483(12)60016-9
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) has been associated with low expression of apoptosis-and angiogenesis-related genes. The p53 tumour suppressor gene has been shown to induce apoptosis and angiogenesis. Recently, a low increased frequency of a p53 codon 72 polymorphism has been reported among women experiencing RPL. This...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61013-9
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The population attempting pregnancy and having babies is ageing. Gynaecological and obstetric complications worsen with age. Maternity services are struggling. Increasing rates of infertility and complications are not matched by the marvels in the laboratory. This paper argues that assisted reproduction treatment has ...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.rbmo.2013.09.012
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:GnRH antagonists are used to prevent premature LH surges in assisted reproduction. The pregnancy rates obtained in several studies have been similar to those obtained in the long protocol with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists. However, lower oestrogen serum concentrations have been observed and fewer oo...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60945-5
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In 2006 the Dutch Society for Clinical Embryologists (KLEM) approached the Netherlands Standardisation Institute (NEN) for advice regarding the lack of safety and quality specifications for medical devices used in assisted reproductive technology. A project plan was drafted in accordance with NEN-standardized methods ...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rbmo.2010.04.005
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The concept that a bolus of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) can replace human chorionic gonadotrophin(HCG) as a trigger of final oocyte maturation was introduced several years ago. Recent developments in the area strengthen this premise. GnRHa trigger offers important advantages, including virtually co...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.rbmo.2012.11.002
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：RESEARCH QUESTION:A number of live-birth predictive models are available, and despite clinical interest these are rarely used owing to poor performance. In addition, no predictive models specifically for poor ovarian responders (POR) are available. The aim of the current project was to develop a clinically applicable t...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.03.013
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper draws on the findings of the first survey of surrogacy arrangements in Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) licensed fertility clinics since 1998. Given the complex social, ethical and legal issues involved, surrogacy continues to raise debate worldwide and fuel calls for increased domestic p...
journal_title：Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rbmo.2015.06.009
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
