Abstract:
:Due to rapid advances in the era of electronic technologies, indium has played the important material for the production of liquid crystal display screens in the semiconductor and optoelectronic industries. The present study focuses on evaluating the toxic effects and related mechanisms of indium chloride (InCl3) on RAW264.7 macrophages. Cytotoxicity was induced by InCl3 in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. InCl3 had the ability to induce macrophage death through apoptosis rather than through necrosis. According to the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay and alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis assay, InCl3 induced DNA damage, also called genotoxicity, in a concentration-dependent manner. Cysteine-dependent aspartate-directed protease (caspase)-3, -8, and -9 were activated by InCl3 in a concentration-dependent manner. Mitochondria dysfunction and cytochrome c release from the mitochondria were induced by InCl3 in a concentration-dependent manner. Downregulation of BCL2 and upregulation of BAD were induced by InCl3 in a concentration-dependent manner. More, we proposed that InCl3 treatment generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a concentration-dependent manner. In conclusion, the current study revealed that InCl3 induced macrophage cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and genotoxicity via a mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway and ROS generation.
journal_name
Ecotoxicol Environ Safjournal_title
Ecotoxicology and environmental safetyauthors
Tsai PK,Wu SW,Chiang CY,Lee MW,Chen HY,Chen WY,Chen CJ,Yang SF,Yeh CB,Kuan YHdoi
10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110348subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-04-15 00:00:00pages
110348eissn
0147-6513issn
1090-2414pii
S0147-6513(20)30187-1journal_volume
193pub_type
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