In vivo pressure gradient heterogeneity increases flow contribution of small diameter vessels in grapevine.

Abstract:

:Leaves lose approximately 400 H2O molecules for every 1 CO2 gained during photosynthesis. Most long-distance water transport in plants, or xylem sap flow, serves to replace this water to prevent desiccation. Theory predicts that the largest vessels contribute disproportionately to overall sap flow because flow in pipe-like systems scales with the fourth power of radius. Here, we confront these theoretical flow predictions for a vessel network reconstructed from X-ray μCT imagery with in vivo flow MRI observations from the same sample of a first-year grapevine stem. Theoretical flow rate predictions based on vessel diameters are not supported. The heterogeneity of the vessel network gives rise to transverse pressure gradients that redirect flow from wide to narrow vessels, reducing the contribution of wide vessels to sap flow by 15% of the total. Our results call for an update of the current working model of the xylem to account for its heterogeneity.

journal_name

Nat Commun

journal_title

Nature communications

authors

Bouda M,Windt CW,McElrone AJ,Brodersen CR

doi

10.1038/s41467-019-13673-6

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2019-12-10 00:00:00

pages

5645

issue

1

issn

2041-1723

pii

10.1038/s41467-019-13673-6

journal_volume

10

pub_type

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