Abstract:
Importance:Although almost equal numbers of male and female medical students enter into ophthalmology residency programs, whether they have similar surgical experiences during training is unclear. Objective:To determine differences for cataract surgery and total procedural volume between male and female residents during ophthalmology residency. Design, Setting, Participants:This retrospective, longitudinal analysis of resident case logs from 24 US ophthalmology residency programs spanned July 2005 to June 2017. A total of 1271 residents were included. Data were analyzed from August 12, 2017, through April 4, 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures:Variables analyzed included mean volumes of cataract surgery and total procedures, resident gender, and maternity or paternity leave status. Results:Among the 1271 residents included in the analysis (815 men [64.1%]), being female was associated with performing fewer cataract operations and total procedures. Male residents performed a mean (SD) of 176.7 (66.2) cataract operations, and female residents performed a mean (SD) of 161.7 (56.2) (mean difference, -15.0 [95% CI, -22.2 to -7.8]; P < .001); men performed a mean (SD) of 509.4 (208.6) total procedures and women performed a mean (SD) of 451.3 (158.8) (mean difference, -58.1 [95% CI, -80.2 to -36.0]; P < .001). Eighty-five of 815 male residents (10.4%) and 71 of 456 female residents (15.6%) took parental leave. Male residents who took paternity leave performed a mean of 27.5 (95% CI, 13.3 to 41.6; P < .001) more cataract operations compared with men who did not take leave, but female residents who took maternity leave performed similar numbers of operations as women who did not take leave (mean difference, -2.0 [95% CI, -18.0 to 14.0]; P = .81). From 2005 to 2017, each additional year was associated with a 5.5 (95% CI, 4.4 to 6.7; P < .001) increase in cataract volume and 24.4 (95% CI, 20.9 to 27.8; P < .001) increase in total procedural volume. This increase was not different between genders for cataract procedure volume (β = -1.6 [95% CI, -3.7 to 0.4]; P = .11) but was different for total procedural volume such that the increase in total procedural volume over time for men was greater than that for women (β = -8.0 [95% CI, -14.0 to -2.1]; P = .008). Conclusions and Relevance:Female residents performed 7.8 to 22.2 fewer cataract operations and 36.0 to 80.2 fewer total procedures compared with their male counterparts from 2005 to 2017, a finding that warrants further exploration to ensure that residents have equivalent surgical training experiences during residency regardless of gender. However, this study included a limited number of programs (24 of 119 [20.2%]). Future research including all ophthalmology residency programs may minimize the selection bias issues present in this study.
journal_name
JAMA Ophthalmoljournal_title
JAMA ophthalmologyauthors
Gong D,Winn BJ,Beal CJ,Blomquist PH,Chen RW,Culican SM,Dagi Glass LR,Domeracki GF,Goshe JM,Jones JK,Khouri AS,Legault GL,Martin TJ,Mitchell KT,Naseri A,Oetting TA,Olson JH,Pettey JH,Reinoso MA,Reynolds AL,Siatkowsdoi
10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.2427subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-07-18 00:00:00eissn
2168-6165issn
2168-6173pii
2738409pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) for the treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma in an African-derived population in the developing world. METHODS:Sixty-one subjects from St. Lucia with medically treated primary open-angle glaucoma underwent a 30-day washout, followed by bil...
journal_title:JAMA ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2013.1706
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:Importance:Given the rarity of posterior uveal melanoma in patients younger than 21 years, reporting clinical experience in this area has relevance. Objective:To describe the baseline clinical features, treatment, and clinical course of a group of patients younger than 21 years who have primary posterior uveal melanom...
journal_title:JAMA ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2018.5132
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:Importance:Glaucoma-related adverse events constitute serious complications of cataract removal in infancy, yet long-term data on incidence and visual outcome remain lacking. Objective:To identify and characterize incident cases of glaucoma and glaucoma-related adverse events (glaucoma + glaucoma suspect) among childr...
journal_title:JAMA ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.5664
更新日期:2020-12-17 00:00:00
abstract:IMPORTANCE:Few studies have been published on the association of the radiation dose received to the eyes during radiotherapy (RT) for childhood cancer and the risk for later cataract. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the risk for cataract after treatment of nonretinoblastoma solid cancer in childhood. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PA...
journal_title:JAMA ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2015.6088
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:Importance:Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) is a breakthrough treatment for wet age-related macular degeneration (wAMD), the most common cause of blindness in western countries. Anti-VEGF treatment prevents vision loss and has been shown to produce vision gains lasting as long as 5 years. Although th...
journal_title:JAMA ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.4557
更新日期:2019-11-14 00:00:00
abstract:IMPORTANCE:There is a major lack of randomized controlled clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of prismatic treatments for hemianopia. Evidence for their effectiveness is mostly based on anecdotal case reports and open-label evaluations without a control condition. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy of real relativ...
journal_title:JAMA ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2013.5636
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:IMPORTANCE:The presence of choroidal hyperreflective foci in Stargardt disease is, to our knowledge, a potentially new finding. Evaluation of these foci may aid in better understanding of the disease process. OBJECTIVES:To report the presence of choroidal hyperreflective foci in spectral-domain optical coherence tomog...
journal_title:JAMA ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2014.5604
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:Importance:Although the association between suture colonization and postoperative infections remains hypothetical, measures to reduce perioperative suture colonization may minimize postoperative infections. The suture colonization rate in adjustable suture strabismus surgery is not well defined, and the effect of povid...
journal_title:JAMA ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2016.2926
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:IMPORTANCE:The potential effect of treatments for diabetic macular edema (DME) on driving should be of value to patients and clinicians, such as ophthalmologists and other physicians, who treat patients with diabetes mellitus. OBJECTIVE:To determine the effect of ranibizumab on driving and patient-reported vision func...
journal_title:JAMA ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2015.4636
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:Importance:Optical coherence tomographic angiography (OCT-A) is able to visualize retinal microvasculature without the need for injection of fluorescein contrast dye. Nevertheless, it is only able to capture a limited view of macula and does not show leakage. Objectives:To evaluate the retinal microvasculature using O...
journal_title:JAMA ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2016.5877
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:IMPORTANCE:The optic disc pit (ODP) has been considered a region of localized susceptibility to the damage of glaucoma. OBJECTIVE:To determine whether the rate of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning differs according to the presence and structural characteristics of an ODP in primary open-angle glaucoma. DESIGN...
journal_title:JAMA ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2015.2453
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:IMPORTANCE:Patients and clinicians need to accurately assess the risks and benefits of pars plana vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy, but clinical trial data may not reflect real-world experience. OBJECTIVE:To prospectively audit the complications of vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy and...
journal_title:JAMA ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2015.4587
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:IMPORTANCE:We conducted a series of phase 1 clinical trials to elucidate the efficacy and safety of the selective Rho kinase inhibitor K-115 as a candidate drug for the treatment of glaucoma. We report the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effects and safety of K-115 based on our results. OBJECTIVE:To study the IOP-...
journal_title:JAMA ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2013.323
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:IMPORTANCE:Tuberculosis is an endemic infectious disease in developing countries. Patients receiving treatment for systemic tuberculosis may develop paradoxical growth of tuberculomas in the brain, which can lead to vision loss. OBSERVATIONS:We describe 3 patients who had paradoxical development of tuberculomas in the...
journal_title:JAMA ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2013.4840
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:Importance:Some eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) have persistent exudation despite frequent intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections. Adjuvant therapies that further reduce edema may improve vision outcomes. Objective:To compare the short-term effect of topical...
journal_title:JAMA ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.0724
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:Importance:Many ophthalmology appointments have been converted to telemedicine assessments. The use of a printed vision chart for ophthalmology telemedicine appointments that can be used by people who are excluded from digital testing has yet to be validated. Objectives:To evaluate the repeatability of visual acuity m...
journal_title:JAMA ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.5972
更新日期:2021-01-07 00:00:00
abstract:Importance:Uveitis has been associated with psoriatic arthritis, but to our knowledge, the relationship between uveitis and psoriasis is unsettled among researchers. Objective:To evaluate the risk of incident uveitis among people with psoriasis. Design, Setting, and Participants:This nationwide, retrospective cohort ...
journal_title:JAMA ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2017.0569
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:IMPORTANCE:Myopia (nearsightedness) has its onset in childhood and affects about one-third of adults in the United States. Along with its high prevalence, myopia is expensive to correct and is associated with ocular diseases that include glaucoma and retinal detachment. OBJECTIVE:To determine the best set of predictor...
journal_title:JAMA ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2015.0471
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:IMPORTANCE:Increased lipofuscin accumulation is assumed to be an important factor in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), although direct evidence for this hypothesis is missing. OBJECTIVE:To quantitatively investigate lipofuscin-associated fundus autofluorescence (AF) in patients with early and...
journal_title:JAMA ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2016.1475
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:Importance:Mobility limitations arising from vision impairment (VI) can result in loss of independence and reduced quality of life. However, few data are available on the association between VI and mobility limitations at a population-based level, particularly in Asian populations. Objective:To assess the association ...
journal_title:JAMA ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2016.2394
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:Importance:Examining costs and consequences of different low-vision (LV) programs provides important information about resources needed to expand treatment options efficiently. Objective:To examine the costs and consequences of LV rehabilitation or basic LV services. Design, Setting, and Participants:The US Departmen...
journal_title:JAMA ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2018.0797
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:IMPORTANCE:Swedish Interactive Thresholding Algorithm (SITA) testing strategies for the Humphrey Field Analyzer have become a clinical standard. Measurements from SITA Fast are thought to be more variable than SITA Standard, yet some clinics routinely use SITA Fast because it is quicker. OBJECTIVE:To examine the measu...
journal_title:JAMA ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2014.4237
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:IMPORTANCE:Acanthamoeba keratitis is a debilitating eye disease that requires effective topical drug therapy. Currently, there is no standard in vitro test to evaluate anti-Acanthamoeba drugs. OBJECTIVE:To develop a practical in vitro complete-kill assay to assess anti-Acanthamoeba drugs. DESIGN AND SETTING:Isolates ...
journal_title:JAMA ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2013.5062
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:Importance:The comparative clinical effectiveness of ranibizumab, aflibercept, and bevacizumab for the management of macular edema due to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is unclear. Objective:To determine whether intravitreal aflibercept or bevacizumab compared with ranibizumab results in a noninferior mean chan...
journal_title:JAMA ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.3305
更新日期:2019-08-29 00:00:00
abstract:Importance:Both primary and secondary forms of childhood glaucoma have many distinct causative mechanisms, and in many cases a cause is not immediately clear. The broad phenotypic spectrum of secondary glaucoma, particularly in individuals with variants in FOXC1 or PITX2 genes associated with Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome, ...
journal_title:JAMA ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2018.5646
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:IMPORTANCE:Patching has been a mainstay in treating unilateral congenital cataract. However, its efficacy has not been rigorously assessed. OBJECTIVE:To examine the association between patching and visual acuity in a cohort of children treated for unilateral congenital cataract. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS:This...
journal_title:JAMA ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2016.1365
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:Importance:Immune checkpoint inhibitors, including antiprogrammed cell death protein-1 (anti-PD-1) and antiprogrammed cell death ligand-1 (anti-PD-L1) monoclonal antibodies, have recently been introduced as a promising new immunotherapy for solid cancers. The adverse effects typically include inflammation of the skin, ...
journal_title:JAMA ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2018.0920
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:Importance:Despite the existing country-specific strategies tackling social inequalities in visual health in adults, little is known about trends in visual function in childhood and its association with social position. Objective:To investigate the distribution of childhood visual function in the United Kingdom and as...
journal_title:JAMA ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2017.2812
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:Importance:The number and size of guttae increase over time in Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD); however, the association between these physical parameters and disease pathogenesis is unclear. Objective:To determine the role of guttae in corneal endothelial cell function. Design, Settings, and Participants:...
journal_title:JAMA ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2018.2031
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:IMPORTANCE:Macular telangiectasia type 2 is a bilateral disease with characteristic alterations of the macular capillary network and neural atrophy. Vascular and neurodegenerative hypotheses have been proposed to explain these clinical findings, but many questions regarding the pathogenesis remain. OBSERVATIONS:We rep...
journal_title:JAMA ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2015.1796
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00