Teachers' work and health in Brazil: thoughts on the history of research, strides, and challenges.

Abstract:

:This Essay discusses the theme of teachers' work and health in Brazil. The objectives are to describe the initial history of research on teachers' health, discuss elements leading to a consensus on the characterization of the group's work and principal health problems, and systematize the main strides and challenges. The Essay draws on more than two decades of research and practice in this field. Based on this experience, the authors identify the movements, the accumulated evidence, and prospects for future development. The elements brought to the discussion point to substantial growth in the field: the number of studies, the diversity and scope of topics, the groups of men and women teachers studied, and the experiences with application of the knowledge (programs and interventions). Despite these strides, the studies and practices still emphasize the individual and the disease, with little or no attention to work factors (work process and management) in the health/disease process. Issues pertaining to gender differences (in work and in health status) also remain invisible. There is little linkage between researchers and teachers' movements (a relevant characteristic of the first initiatives in the field). There are no public policies to regulate the workplace and work management. The contributions to the discussion provide insight for thought to assist the identification of critical nodes and analytical scenarios with the potential for progress in this field of research and intervention. :Este Ensaio discute a temática de trabalho e saúde docente no Brasil. Tem como objetivos: descrever trajetórias iniciais das investigações de saúde do/a professor/a no contexto brasileiro; discutir elementos que consolidaram consenso com relação à caracterização do trabalho e os principais problemas de saúde neste grupo; e sistematizar seus principais avanços e desafios. O Ensaio é organizado com base na experiência de mais de duas décadas em investigações e práticas nessa temática. Valendo-se dessa experiência identificam-se seus movimentos, as evidências acumuladas e perspectivas potenciais de desenvolvimento futuro. Com base nos elementos trazidos à discussão observa-se o crescimento substantivo do campo: do número de investigações, da diversidade e abrangência dos temas abordados, dos grupos de professores/as estudados/as e das experiências de aplicação do conhecimento (programas e intervenções). Apesar desses avanços, as investigações e práticas ainda mantêm a ênfase no indivíduo e na doença, com ausência ou abordagem limitada dos fatores do trabalho (processo e gestão do trabalho) no processo saúde/doença. Questões relativas aos diferenciais de gênero (no trabalho e na situação de saúde) também permanecem invisíveis. Observa-se pouca articulação de pesquisadores/as e movimentos docentes (uma característica relevante das primeiras iniciativas no campo). Registra-se ausência de políticas públicas de regulação dos ambientes e gestão do trabalho. Os aspectos trazidos à discussão fornecem uma base de reflexão, de modo a auxiliar na identificação de nós críticos e de cenários analíticos com potencial para avançar nesse campo de investigação e de intervenção. :Este Ensayo discute la temática de trabajo y salud docente en Brasil. Tiene como objetivos: describir trayectorias iniciales de investigaciones de salud del/a profesor/a en el contexto brasileño; discutir elementos que consolidaron el consenso referente a la caracterización del trabajo y los principales problemas de salud en este grupo; además de sistematizar sus principales avances y desafíos. El estudio está organizado en base a la experiencia de más de dos décadas en investigaciones y prácticas en esta temática. Valiéndose de esta experiencia se identifican sus movimientos, las evidencias acumuladas y perspectivas potenciales de su desarrollo futuro. En base a los elementos en liza se observa un crecimiento sustancial del área de estudio: número de investigaciones, diversidad y alcance de los temas abordados, grupos de profesores/as estudiados/as, así como de las experiencias de aplicación del conocimiento (programas e intervenciones). A pesar de esos avances, las investigaciones y prácticas todavía mantienen el énfasis en el individuo y en la enfermedad, con ausencia o un enfoque limitado sobre los factores del trabajo (proceso y gestión del trabajo) en el proceso salud/enfermedad. Las cuestiones relacionadas con los diferenciales de género (en el trabajo y situación de salud) también permanecen invisibles. Se observa poca coordinación de investigadores/as y movimientos docentes (una característica relevante de las primeras iniciativas en el área de estudio). Se constata la ausencia de políticas públicas de regulación en entornos y gestión laborales. Los aspectos planteados proporcionan una base de reflexión, con el fin de que ayuden en la identificación de problemas clave y escenarios analíticos con potencial para avanzar en este campo de investigación y de intervención.

journal_name

Cad Saude Publica

authors

Araújo TM,Pinho PS,Masson MLV

doi

10.1590/0102-311X00087318

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2019-05-30 00:00:00

pages

e00087318

issue

Suppl 1

eissn

0102-311X

issn

1678-4464

pii

S0102-311X2019000503002

journal_volume

35Suppl 1

pub_type

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