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Novel centrally active oxime reactivators of acetylcholinesterase inhibited by surrogates of sarin and VX.

Abstract：

:A novel oxime platform, the substituted phenoxyalkyl pyridinium oximes (US patent 9,227,937), was invented at Mississippi State University with an objective of discovering a brain-penetrating antidote to highly potent organophosphate anticholinesterases, such as the nerve agents. The goal was reactivation of inhibited brain acetylcholinesterase to attenuate the organophosphate-induced hypercholinergic activity that results in glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity and neuropathology. The currently approved oxime antidote in the US, 2-PAM, cannot do this. Using highly relevant surrogates of sarin and VX that leave acetylcholinesterase phosphylated with the same chemical moiety as their respective nerve agents, in vitro screens and in vivo tests in rats were conducted to identify the most efficacious members of this platform. The most promising novel oximes provided 24-h survival of lethal level surrogate exposure better than 2-PAM in almost all cases, and two of the oximes shortened the time to cessation of seizure-like behavior while 2-PAM did not. The most promising novel oximes attenuated neuropathology as indicated by immunohistochemical stains for both glia and neurons, while 2-PAM did not protect either glia or neurons. These results strongly suggest that these novel oximes can function within the brain to protect it, and therefore show great promise as potential future nerve agent antidotes.

journal_name

Neurobiol Dis

journal_title

Neurobiology of disease

authors

Chambers JE,Meek EC

doi

10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104487

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2020-01-01 00:00:00

pages

104487

eissn

0969-9961

issn

1095-953X

pii

S0969-9961(19)30143-3

journal_volume

133

pub_type

杂志文章,评审

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