Toxoplasma Effector GRA15-Dependent Suppression of IFN-γ-Induced Antiparasitic Response in Human Neurons.

Abstract:

:Toxoplasma gondii is an important human and animal pathogen that causes life-threatening toxoplasmosis. The host immune system produces interferon-γ (IFN-γ) to inhibit T. gondii proliferation. IFN-γ-inducible indole-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), which mediates tryptophan degradation, has a major role in anti-T. gondii immune responses in various human cells. In response to the host's immune system, T. gondii secretes many virulence molecules into the host cells to suppress IFN-γ-dependent antiparasitic immune responses. The GRA15-induced proparasitic mechanism for suppressing IDO1-dependent immune responses has previously been tested only in human hepatocyte and monocyte co-cultures. Thus, whether human cells other than hepatocytes contain this virulence mechanism remains unclear. Here, we show that the GRA15-dependent virulence mechanism for suppressing the IDO1-dependent anti-T. gondii response operates in human neuronal cell lines and primary human neurons. Analysis of various human cell lines revealed that IL-1β-induced iNOS-dependent reduction of IDO1 mRNA expression occurred in brain cell lines (A172; glioblastoma, IMR-32; neuroblastoma, and T98G; glioblastoma) and liver cell lines (Huh7 and HepG2), but not in other cell lines. Moreover, co-culturing type II T. gondii-infected THP-1 human monocytes with the brain cell lines inhibited the IDO1-mediated anti-T. gondii response in a GRA15-dependent manner. These data suggest that a GRA15-dependent virulence mechanism antagonizes the IDO1-dependent host immune response in human brain cells.

authors

Bando H,Lee Y,Sakaguchi N,Pradipta A,Sakamoto R,Tanaka S,Ma JS,Sasai M,Yamamoto M

doi

10.3389/fcimb.2019.00140

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2019-05-01 00:00:00

pages

140

issn

2235-2988

journal_volume

9

pub_type

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