Abstract：
:The shallow subsurface of Mars is extremely interesting as a possible microbial habitat because it becomes temporarily wet, it is shielded from radiation, and mixing by aeolian processes could provide the sources of energy and nutrients necessary for sustaining microbial life in it. The Modern Aqueous Habitat Reconnaissance Suite (MAHRS) was developed primarily to search for potentially habitable environments in the shallow subsurface of Mars and to study weathering, but it can also be used to search for potentially habitable environments in the shallow subsurface of other planetary bodies such as the Icy Worlds. MAHRS includes an instrument developed to measure regolith wetness and search for brine in the shallow subsurface of Mars, where it is most likely to be found. The detection of brine can aid in our understanding not only of habitability but also of geochemistry and aqueous weathering processes. Besides the regolith wetness sensor, MAHRS includes an electric field sensor, an optical microscope, and a radiometer developed to characterize the near-surface environment and study mixing by aeolian processes. MAHRS was designed to aid in the selection of optimum areas for sample collection for return to Earth.
journal_name
Astrobiologyjournal_title
Astrobiologyauthors
Rennó NO,Backhus R,Cooper C,Flatico JM,Fischer E,Greer LC,Krasowski MJ,Kremic T,Martínez GM,Prokop NF,Sweeney D,Vicente-Retortillo Adoi
10.1089/ast.2018.1945subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-07-01 00:00:00pages
849-866issue
7eissn
1531-1074issn
1557-8070journal_volume
19pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
ASTROBIOLOGY文献大全abstract：:Cyanobacteria and similar organisms produced most of the oxygen found in Earth's atmosphere, which implies that early photosynthetic organisms would have lived in an atmosphere that was rich in CO2 and poor in O2. We investigated the tolerance of several cyanobacteria to very high (>20 kPa) concentrations of atmospher...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/ast.2005.5.66
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chloride-bearing deposits and phyllosilicates-bearing units are widely distributed in the southern highlands of Mars, but these phases are rarely found together in fluviolacustrine environments. The study of the coexistence of these minerals can provide important insights into geochemistry, water activity, and ultimat...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/ast.2017.1757
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The EPOXI Discovery Mission of Opportunity reused the Deep Impact flyby spacecraft to obtain spatially and temporally resolved visible photometric and moderate resolution near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic observations of Earth. These remote observations provide a rigorous validation of whole-disk Earth model simulatio...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/ast.2011.0642
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:Fluid inclusions trapped in ancient halite can contain a community of halophilic prokaryotes and eukaryotes that inhabited the surface brines from which the halite formed. Long-term survival of bacteria and archaea and preservation of DNA have been reported from halite, but little is known about the distribu...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/ast.2015.1397
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Raman spectroscopy is being adopted as a nondestructive instrumentation for the robotic exploration of Mars to search for traces of life in the geological record. Here, miniaturized Raman spectrometers of two different types equipped with 532 and 785 nm lasers for excitation, respectively, were compared for the detect...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/ast.2012.0879
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Granitoids are silicic rocks that make up the majority of the continental crust, but different models arise for the origins of these rocks. One classification scheme defines different granitoid types on the basis of materials involved in the melting/crystallization process. In this end-member case, granitoids may be d...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/ast.2014.1248
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This experiment was aimed at establishing, for the first time, the survival capability of lichens exposed to space conditions. In particular, the damaging effect of various wavelengths of extraterrestrial solar UV radiation was studied. The lichens used were the bipolar species Rhizocarpon geographicum and Xanthoria e...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/ast.2006.0046
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Like all low- and moderate-mass stars, the Sun will burn as a red giant during its later evolution, generating of solar luminosities for some tens of millions of years. During this post-main sequence phase, the habitable (i.e., liquid water) thermal zone of our Solar System will lie in the region where Triton, Pluto-C...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/153110703769016406
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Early Earth may have hosted a biologically mediated global organic haze during the Archean eon (3.8-2.5 billion years ago). This haze would have significantly impacted multiple aspects of our planet, including its potential for habitability and its spectral appearance. Here, we model worlds with Archean-like levels of...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/ast.2017.1666
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The emergence of an RNA entity capable of synthesizing peptides was a key prebiotic development. It is hypothesized that a precursor of the modern ribosomal exit tunnel was associated with this RNA entity (e.g., "protoribosome" or "bonding entity") from the earliest time and played an essential role. Various compounds...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/ast.2011.0692
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Water is the fundamental molecule for life on Earth. Thus, the search for hibernating life-forms in waterless environments is an important research topic for astrobiology. To date, however, the organizational patterns containing microbial life in extremely dry places, such as the deserts of Earth, the Dry Valleys of A...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/ast.2014.1162
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In spite of the spectacular developments in our understanding of the molecular basis that underlies biological phenomena, we still lack a generally agreed-upon definition of life, but this is not for want of trying. Life is an empirical concept; and, as suggested by the many unsuccessful efforts to define it, this tas...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1089/ast.2010.0535
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:An approach to the origin of life, focused on the property of entities capable of reproducing themselves far from equilibrium, has been developed recently. Independently, the possibility of the emergence of life in the hydrothermal systems possibly present in the deep oceans below the frozen crust of some of...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/ast.2015.1412
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several observations indicate that the cloud deck of the venusian atmosphere may provide a plausible refuge for microbial life. Having originated in a hot proto-ocean or been brought in by meteorites from Earth (or Mars), early life on Venus could have adapted to a dry, acidic atmospheric niche as the warming planet l...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/153110704773600203
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Both hydrogen and methane are consistently discharged in large quantities in hydrothermal fluids issued from ultramafic-hosted hydrothermal fields discovered along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Considering the vast number of these fields discovered or inferred, hydrothermal fluxes represent a significant input of H2 and CH4...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1089/ast.2014.1198
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Hayabusa2 mission successfully collected samples from the asteroid Ryugu last year and will return these to Earth in December 2020. It is anticipated that the samples will enable the analysis of terrestrially uncontaminated organic matter and minerals. Such analyses are in turn expected to elucidate the evolution ...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/ast.2019.2198
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The self-assembly of simple amphiphiles like fatty acids into cell-like membranous structures suggests that such structures were available on prebiotic Earth to support the origin of cellular life. However, the composition of primitive membranes remains unclear because the physical properties of the aqueous environmen...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/ast.2009.0384
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Mars Program Plan includes an integrated and coordinated set of future candidate missions and investigations that meet fundamental science objectives of NASA and the Mars Exploration Program (MEP). At the time this paper was written, these possible future missions are planned in a manner consistent with a projecte...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/ast.2007.0153
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two major parameters influencing the survival of Bacillus subtilis spores in space and on bodies within the Solar System are UV radiation and vacuum, both of which induce inactivating damage to DNA. To date, however, spore survival and DNA photochemistry have been explored only at the extremes of Earth-normal atmosphe...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/153110702762470518
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The bicarbonate-buffered anoxic vent waters at Chocolate Pots hot springs in Yellowstone National Park are 51-54°C, pH 5.5-6.0, and are very high in dissolved Fe(II) at 5.8-5.9 mg/L. The aqueous Fe(II) is oxidized by a combination of biotic and abiotic mechanisms and precipitated as primary siliceous nanophase iron ox...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/ast.2013.1122
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cloud layer has been hypothesized to be the most habitable region of Venus. In the lower clouds, both temperature and pressure fall within bounds that support reproduction of microbial life on Earth, although the water activity of the sulfuric acid cloud droplets makes the clouds uninhabitable to known life. In th...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/ast.2020.2280
更新日期：2021-01-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Antibody microarrays are becoming frequently used tools for analytical purposes. A key factor for optimal performance is the stability of the immobilized (capturing) antibodies as well as those that have been fluorescently labeled to achieve the immunological test (tracers). This is especially critical for long-distan...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/ast.2011.0647
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Water, vital for life, not only maintains the integrity of structural and metabolic biomolecules, it also transports them in solution or colloidal suspension. Any flow of water through a dormant or fossilized microbial community elutes molecules that are potentially recognizable as biomarkers. We hypothesize that the ...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/153110701753198936
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Materials blasted into space from the surface of early Earth may preserve a unique record of our planet's early surface environment. Armstrong et al. (2002) pointed out that such materials, in the form of terrestrial meteorites, may exist on the Moon and be of considerable astrobiological interest if biomarkers from e...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/ast.2007.0215
更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on the surface of Mars is an important factor that affects the survivability of microorganisms on Mars. The possibility of martian brines made from Fe2(SO4)3, MnSO4, and MgSO4 salts providing a habitable niche on Mars via attenuation of UV radiation was investigated on the bacteria Bacillu...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/ast.2020.2285
更新日期：2020-11-25 00:00:00
abstract：:The five major mass extinctions identified in 1982 by Raup and Sepkoski have expanded to six, with the suggestion that the Permian-Triassic extinction was a double event. Is there a general explanation for great mass extinctions, or can they result from different triggers, or even from internal system instabilities? T...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/153110703321632480
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Viability rates were determined for microbial populations of Escherichia coli and Deinococcus radiodurans under the environmental stresses of low temperature (-35 degrees C), low-pressure conditions (83.3 kPa), and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation (37 W/m(2)). During the stress tests the organisms were suspended in saltwa...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/ast.2006.6.332
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chocolate Pots hot spring (CP) is an Fe-rich, circumneutral-pH geothermal spring in Yellowstone National Park. Relic hydrothermal systems have been identified on Mars, and modern hydrothermal environments such as CP are useful for gaining insight into potential pathways for generation of biosignatures of ancient micro...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/ast.2019.2058
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Raman spectroscopy can provide chemical information about organic and inorganic substances quickly and nondestructively with little to no sample preparation, thus making it an ideal instrument for Mars rover missions. The ESA ExoMars planetary mission scheduled for launch in 2018 will contain a miniaturized Raman spec...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/ast.2015.1334
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nitrogen is the major component of Earth's atmosphere and plays important roles in biochemistry. Biological systems have evolved a variety of mechanisms for fixing and recycling environmental nitrogen sources, which links them tightly with terrestrial nitrogen reservoirs. However, prior to the emergence of biology, al...
journal_title：Astrobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1089/ast.2017.1700
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
