Abstract：
BACKGROUND:Benzodiazepine overdose rates have increased in the US, largely from concomitant use of other drugs such as opioids. Studies are needed to examine trends in prescription tranquilizer (e.g., benzodiazepine) use-with a particular focus on use of other drugs such as opioids-to continue to inform prevention efforts. METHODS:We conducted a secondary analysis of the 2005-2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, a repeated cross-sectional, nationally representative probability sample. Trends in past-year nonmedical tranquilizer use and trends in demographic and other past-year substance use characteristics among nonmedical users were examined (N = 560,099). RESULTS:Prevalence of nonmedical tranquilizer use remained stable from 2005/06 through 2013/14 at 2%. Prevalence of past-year heroin use and heroin use disorder both more than doubled among nonmedical tranquilizer users between 2005/06 and 2013/14 (Ps<.001). Nonmedical opioid use decreased between 2005/06 and 2013/14 (P < .001); however, opioid use disorder increased from 13.4% to 16.7% (P = .019). Prevalence doubled among those age >50 between 2005/06 and 2013/14 from 7.9% to 16.5% (P < .001), and nonmedical tranquilizer use among racial minorities also increased (Ps<.01). Prevalence of nonmedical use also increased among those with health insurance (P = .031), and this increase appeared to be driven by a 190.6% increase in nonmedical use among those with Medicare (from 2.6% to 7.4%; P = .002). CONCLUSIONS:Characteristics of nonmedical tranquilizer users are shifting, and many shifts are related to past-year nonmedical prescription opioid use and heroin use. Prevention needs to be geared in particular towards older individuals and to those who use opioids nonmedically.
journal_name
Drug Alcohol Dependjournal_title
Drug and alcohol dependenceauthors
Palamar JJ,Han BH,Martins SSdoi
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.11.015subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-02-01 00:00:00pages
1-5eissn
0376-8716issn
1879-0046pii
S0376-8716(18)30825-1journal_volume
195pub_type
杂志文章abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate the association of major depressive episode (MDE) with nonmedical prescription opioid use (NMPOU) and opioid abuse/dependence among adolescents aged 12 to 17. METHODS:We analyzed 5 years of data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). We used logistic regressions to study the ...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.04.010
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exposure to self-administered drugs is sufficient to produce drug-seeking in animal models. In many cases priming injections of drugs that share discriminative stimulus properties with the self-administered drug also can lead to drug-seeking, suggesting that exposure might precipitate relapse. The present investigatio...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.03.014
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Reduced cardio-vascular health has been found in patients suffering from alcohol dependence. Low cardio-respiratory fitness is an independent predictor of cardio-vascular disease. METHODS:We investigated physical fitness in 22 alcohol-dependent patients 10 days after acute alcohol withdrawal and compared re...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.03.016
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Recently attention has focused on the assessment of functional health status in substance-dependent individuals. The addiction severity index (ASI) is a widely used assessment instrument that includes scales to reflect current medical and psychiatric status. This study examines the concurrent validity of the...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.04.018
更新日期：2004-11-11 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:As part of a randomized controlled trial, problem drinkers who recently initiated natural recovery on their own were offered access to an interactive voice response (IVR) self-monitoring (SM) system as a sobriety maintenance tool during early recovery when relapse risk is high. Because observed IVR utilizati...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.04.022
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Technology-based applications represent a promising method for providing efficacious, widely available interventions to substance abuse treatment patients. However, limited access to communication technology (i.e., mobile phones, computers, internet, and e-mail) could significantly impact the feasibility of ...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.10.003
更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Drug overdose deaths have risen precipitously over the last fifteen years. Substantial geographic variation, beyond a simple rural-urban dichotomy, exists in the concentration of overdose deaths, suggesting the existence of as-yet unidentified environmental variables that predict resilience (or vulnerability...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.12.011
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Cannabidiol, a therapeutic with potential serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) 5-HT1A receptor agonist activity, is the second most prevalent cannabinoid in Cannabis after Δ(9)-THC. The extent to which cannabidiol modifies the effects of Δ(9)-THC has not been firmly established, especially with respect to a...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.05.016
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The goal of this study was to determine the contribution of substance abuse to the expression of suicidal ideation in a sample of patients referred for evaluation of chemical dependency in a large urban Psychiatric Emergency Service (PES). Records from 777 consecutive patients referred to the chemical dependency servi...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0376-8716(02)00337-x
更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Zipeprol is a non-opioid cough suppressor agent recently abused in Italy. Clinical reports from 30 street abusers show that the drug in high doses has a definite abuse liability and dependence potential. Many of its effects were identical to those induced by opiates, although specific dysperceptive symptoms were commo...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-8716(91)90030-3
更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine biosynthesis. Previously published results have established that chronic cocaine administration (30-45 mg/kg per day, 10-14 days) resulted in an upregulation of TH gene expression in dopaminergic pathways of rats. The present studies tested the eff...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0376-8716(00)00119-8
更新日期：2000-12-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Endogenous opioids acting at mu-opioid receptors mediate many biological functions. Pharmacological intervention at these receptors has greatly aided in the treatment of acute and chronic pain, in addition to other uses. However, the development of tolerance and dependence has made it difficult to adequately prescribe...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.12.016
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since 1981, the Alberta Alcohol and Drug Abuse Commission has been conducting a primary prevention program intended to alter the development of intoxicant use patterns in adolescents. The program uses an integrated set of approaches involving mass communications, face-to-face program elements, community action and sma...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-8716(87)90072-x
更新日期：1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Many young adults engage in simultaneous alcohol and marijuana (SAM) use so that their effects overlap. Little is known about motivations for dual substance use and associations with use and consequences. This study examined daily-level associations between cross-fading motives and levels of alcohol and mari...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108077
更新日期：2020-05-24 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:Worldwide, alcohol use disorder (AUD) is one of the most common substance use disorders, yet often goes undertreated. One major barrier that prevents adequate treatment of AUD is the high stigmatization the disorder receives, including from the scientific community. Thus, we evaluated the current use of patient-ce...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108209
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Clock genes have been demonstrated to play a role in behavioral responses to a variety of drugs of abuse, including cocaine, amphetamine, morphine, and ethanol. However, no studies to date have examined the role of Clock genes on nicotine-mediated behaviors. We examined the involvement of Clock, one of sever...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.08.024
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Recent clinical studies support the use of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) as an adjunct treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Despite these promising findings, MDMA administration in controlled settings can increase blood pressure, heart rate, and body temperature. Previous studies in...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107850
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Healthcare professionals are crucial in access to treatment for patients with substance use disorders. However, healthcare professionals often have negative attitudes towards this patient group. Healthcare professionals' regard for working with patients with substance use disorders was examined and three sec...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.09.012
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Serial analyses of serum potassium and plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine and adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) concentrations were measured in 13 patients with alcohol withdrawal, six of whom presented delirium tremens. Patients with delirium showed at admission levels of potassium (3.45 +/- 0.45 mmol...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-8716(90)90126-y
更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:There is increasing concern about tampering of pharmaceutical opioids. We describe early findings from an Australian study examining the potential impact of the April 2014 introduction of an abuse-deterrent sustained-release oxycodone formulation (Reformulated OxyContin(®)). METHODS:Data on pharmaceutical o...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.02.038
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The 10-item version of the cocaine craving questionnaire (CCQ-Brief) has not been validated in a mixed-gender sample, and predictive validity of the CCQ-Now and CCQ-Brief in terms of their relationship with cocaine relapse has not been demonstrated. OBJECTIVE:To further validate the CCQ-Brief in a mixed gen...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.10.002
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Flavored e-cigarette use has risen rapidly, especially among young adults who also smoke cigarettes. We sought to determine whether flavoring enhances the subjective rewarding value, relative reinforcing value, and absolute reinforcing value of an e-cigarette with nicotine compared to an unflavored e-cigarett...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.06.030
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although frequent heavy drinking has been associated with decreased odds of quitting smoking, the extent to which smoking cessation is associated with decreased alcohol consumption is less clear. The present study examined over a 2-year period whether individuals who quit smoking for at least 6 months, compared to tho...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.02.008
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intranasal cocaine (COC) and oral ethanol (ETOH) were administered to one group of seven research volunteers during daily experimental sessions. Following the determination of baseline subjective and performance measures, an ETOH cocktail (0, 19.4, 38.7 or 58.1 g of ETOH in lemonade) was consumed over a 10-min period....
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-8716(93)80001-u
更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper documents the bifurcation of the market for commercial marijuana from the market for designer marijuana in New York City. Commercial marijuana is usually grown outdoors, imported to NYC, and of average quality. By contrast, several varities of designer marijuana are usually grown indoors from specially bred...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.09.013
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Administrative data provide a rich resource for improving our understanding of individuals with substance use disorders. The validation of administrative proxies for moderate or high risk alcohol or drug (AOD) use could enhance the ability to carry out rigorous observational research (for example, for use in the const...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.03.013
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:We assess the longitudinal associations between marijuana and cigar (little cigars and cigarillos [LCCs] and large cigars) use on subsequent initiation of marijuana and cigar use. METHODS:Data are from a cohort study of 2189 young adults recruited in fall 2010 from 11 colleges in the Southeast. We used disc...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107964
更新日期：2020-03-23 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Substance use disorders consistently rank among the most stigmatized conditions worldwide. Thus, substance use stigma fosters health inequities among persons with substance use disorders and remains a key barrier to successful screening and treatment efforts. Current efforts to measure substance use stigma a...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.02.019
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Drug-related cue exposure elicits craving and risk for relapse during recovery. Transcranial direct current stimulation is a promising research tool and possible treatment for relapse prevention. Enhanced functional neuroconnectivity is discussed as a treatment target. The goal of this research was to examine...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.006
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Electronic cigarettes (ECIGs) aerosolize liquids often containing flavorants for inhalation. Few studies have examined the role of flavors in ECIG use. This study's purpose was to examine reasons for flavored ECIG use using a mixed-method approach, concept mapping (CM). METHODS:Forty-six past 30-day adult E...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.07.007
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
