Abstract:
:Paramedics constitute a group of professionals who are constantly exposed to potentially infectious biological material through frequent and close contact with patients, possibly resulting in occupationally acquired infections. The paper's objective has been to assess the occupational risk regarding blood-borne infections and identify preventive measures used among paramedics worldwide, on the basis of the related literature review. The literature search, covering the period 1987-2017, was performed using PubMed, Elsevier, Springer and Google Scholar databases. A comparative analysis of blood exposure was conducted and the report of such events and the use of personal protective equipment among paramedics in Poland and other countries worldwide was developed. The data on occupational blood exposures among paramedics is sparse. The resulting comparisons obtained in various scientific studies are difficult due to diverse data collection methods, influencing the resulting consistency. Additionally, there were some methodological errors found in previously published studies, such as selection bias. The percentage rate of paramedics exposed to blood in the last 12 months varies from 22% in the USA to 63% in Thailand; in Poland that rate fluctuates widely, ranging between 14-78%. Paramedics are frequently exposed to blood while performing their duties, but almost 50% of paramedics do not report any exposure which is mitigated by the systematic use of personal protective equipment: gloves are regularly used by 53-98% of paramedics, masks and goggles are worn by 33-62% of them. This fact puts the paramedics group at risk of blood-borne infections. Therefore, there is an urgent need to conduct further, methodologically correct, multi-center studies to accurately assess occupational blood exposure in paramedics. Med Pr 2018;69(6):685-694. :Ratownicy medyczni poprzez częste i bezpośrednie kontakty z pacjentami narażeni są na ekspozycje na potencjalnie zakaźny materiał biologiczny, co może skutkować zakażeniami zawodowymi. Celem pracy była ocena ryzyka zawodowych zakażeń krwiopochodnych i stosowanych metod prewencji w tej grupie profesjonalnej na podstawie przeglądu piśmiennictwa. Materiał badawczy stanowiły dane z artykułów zgromadzonych w bazach PubMed, Elsevier, Springer i Google Scholar w latach 1987–2017. Dokonano analizy porównawczej danych o ekspozycji zawodowej na krew wśród ratowników medycznych, zgłaszaniu takich zdarzeń i stosowaniu środków ochrony osobistej w poszczególnych państwach w porównaniu z danymi z Polski. Przeprowadzono dotychczas niewiele badań epidemiologicznych związanych z narażeniem zawodowym na krew wśród ratowników medycznych. Porównanie wniosków uzyskanych przez poszczególne zespoły badawcze jest trudne z uwagi na różne sposoby gromadzenia danych. Wpływa to na znaczne zróżnicowanie obserwowanych wyników. Ponadto część publikacji wykazuje błędy metodologiczne, najczęściej stronniczość selekcji. Na świecie odsetek ratowników, którzy ulegli ekspozycji w roku poprzedzającym badanie, waha się od 22% w USA do 63% w Tajlandii. W Polsce analogiczne odsetki oscylują w granicach 14–78%. Choć ta grupa profesjonalistów jest narażona na częsty kontakt z krwią, niemal połowa badanych nie zgłasza ekspozycji zawodowych. Informowanie o takich zdarzeniach jest rzadkie, podobnie jak systematyczne stosowanie środków ochrony osobistej – rękawice ochronne regularnie używa 53–98% badanych, maski i okulary ochronne – 33–62%. Zwiększa to ryzyko zakażenia patogenami krwiopochodnymi. Konieczne wydaje się zatem przeprowadzenie dalszych, poprawnych metodologicznie, wieloośrodkowych badań dokładnie oceniających ekspozycje zawodowe na krew wśród ratowników medycznych. Med. Pr. 2018;69(6):685–694.
journal_name
Med Prjournal_title
Medycyna pracyauthors
Gańczak M,Topczewska Kdoi
10.13075/mp.5893.00741subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-12-18 00:00:00pages
685-694issue
6eissn
0465-5893issn
2353-1339pii
92661journal_volume
69pub_type
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