Abstract：
:Periodontal disease (PD) is a common dental disease associated with the interaction between dysbiotic oral microbiota and host immunity. It is a prevalent disease, resulting in loss of gingival tissue, periodontal ligament, cementum and alveolar bone. PD is a major form of tooth loss in the adult population. Experimental animal models have enabled the study of PD pathogenesis and are used to test new therapeutic approaches for treating the disease. The ligature-induced periodontitis model has several advantages as compared with other models, including rapid disease induction, predictable bone loss and the capacity to study periodontal tissue and alveolar bone regeneration because the model is established within the periodontal apparatus. Although mice are the most convenient and versatile animal models used in research, ligature-induced periodontitis has been more frequently used in large animals. This is mostly due to the technical challenges involved in consistently placing ligatures around murine teeth. To reduce the technical challenge associated with the traditional ligature model, we previously developed a simplified method to easily install a bacterially retentive ligature between two molars for inducing periodontitis. In this protocol, we provide detailed instructions for placement of the ligature and demonstrate how the model can be used to evaluate gingival tissue inflammation and alveolar bone loss over a period of 18 d after ligature placement. This model can also be used on germ-free mice to investigate the role of human oral bacteria in periodontitis in vivo. In conclusion, this protocol enables the mechanistic study of the pathogenesis of periodontitis in vivo.
journal_name
Nat Protocjournal_title
Nature protocolsauthors
Marchesan J,Girnary MS,Jing L,Miao MZ,Zhang S,Sun L,Morelli T,Schoenfisch MH,Inohara N,Offenbacher S,Jiao Ydoi
10.1038/s41596-018-0035-4subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-10-01 00:00:00pages
2247-2267issue
10eissn
1754-2189issn
1750-2799pii
10.1038/s41596-018-0035-4journal_volume
13pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
Nature Protocols文献大全abstract：:In this report, we describe a two-step protocol for labeling of an affinity-purified antibody to biotin with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) using cyanuric chloride (CC) as a bridge. The enzyme was first modified with CC, and following chromatography on a PD-10 column, the activated HRP was incubated with the antibody to...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nprot.2009.6
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Boronic acids and esters have critical roles in the areas of synthetic organic chemistry, molecular sensors, materials science, drug discovery, and catalysis. Many of the current applications of boronic acids and esters require materials with very low levels of transition metal contamination. Most of the current metho...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nprot.2016.184
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Blood circulating endothelial cells (CECs) and circulating hematopoietic progenitor cells (CPCs) represent two cell populations that are thought to play important roles in tissue vascularization. CECs and CPCs are currently studied as surrogate markers in patients for more than a dozen pathologies, including heart dis...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nprot.2007.111
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The fabrication of 3D tissues retaining the original functions of tissues/organs in vitro is crucial for optimal tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The fabrication of 3D tissues also contributes to the establishment of in vitro tissue/organ models for drug screening. Our laboratory has developed a fabricati...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nprot.2012.027
更新日期：2012-04-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Here, we describe a simple micromolding method to construct three-dimensional arrays of organotypic epithelial tissue structures that approximate in vivo histology. An elastomeric stamp containing an array of posts of defined geometry and spacing is used to mold microscale cavities into the surface of type I collagen ...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nprot.2008.35
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this protocol, we describe cryoimmunolabeling methods for the subcellular localization of proteins and certain lipids. The methods start with chemical fixation of cells and tissue in formaldehyde (FA) and/or glutaraldehyde (GA), sometimes supplemented with acrolein. Cell and tissue blocks are then immersed in 2.3 M...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nprot.2007.365
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A mechanistic understanding of HIV-1 latency depends on a model system that recapitulates the in vivo condition of latently infected, resting CD4(+) T lymphocytes. Latency seems to be established after activated CD4(+) T cells, the principal targets of HIV-1 infection, become productively infected and survive long eno...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nprot.2014.188
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Efforts to cure HIV are hampered by limited characterization of the cells supporting HIV replication in vivo and inadequate methods for quantifying the latent viral reservoir in individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). We describe a protocol for flow cytometric identification of viral reservoirs, based on c...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nprot.2017.079
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) are posttranslationally conjugated to eukaryotic cellular proteins with generally unpredictable consequences. SUMO substrates are found in many cellular systems, and functional analysis has revealed that substrate SUMOylation often has an important role in their regulation. H...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nprot.2009.128
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The new generation of synchrotrons and microfocused beamlines has enabled great progress in X-ray protein crystallography, resulting in new 3D atomic structures for proteins of high interest to the pharmaceutical industry and life sciences. It is, however, often still challenging to produce protein crystals of suffici...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nprot.2017.108
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stabilized α-helices and nonpeptidic helix mimetics have emerged as powerful molecular scaffolds for the discovery of protein-protein interaction inhibitors. Protein-protein interactions often involve large contact areas, which are often difficult for small molecules to target with high specificity. The hypothesis beh...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nprot.2010.146
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The lung epithelium is derived from the endodermal germ layer, which undergoes a complex series of endoderm-mesoderm-mediated signaling events to generate the final arborized network of conducting airways (bronchi, bronchioles) and gas-exchanging units (alveoli). These stages include endoderm induction, anterior-poste...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41596-018-0104-8
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi shares many features with human malaria species, including P. falciparum, and is the in vivo model of choice for many aspects of malaria research in the mammalian host, from sequestration of parasitized erythrocytes, to antigenic variation and host immunity and ...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nprot.2011.313
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several cell death assays have been developed based on a single biochemical parameter such as caspase activation or plasma membrane permeabilization. Our fluorescent apoptosis/necrosis (FAN) assay directly measures cell death and distinguishes between caspase-dependent apoptosis and caspase-independent necrosis of cel...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nprot.2016.085
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Competition chromatin immunoprecipitation (competition ChIP) enables experimenters to measure protein-DNA dynamics at a single locus or across the entire genome, depending on the detection method. Competition ChIP relies on a cell containing two copies of a single DNA-associated factor, with each copy of the factor di...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nprot.2013.077
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During biosynthesis on the ribosome, an elongating nascent polypeptide chain can begin to fold, in a process that is central to all living systems. Detailed structural studies of co-translational protein folding are now beginning to emerge; such studies were previously limited, at least in part, by the inherently dyna...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nprot.2016.101
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In situ mRNA hybridization is one of the most powerful techniques for analyzing patterns of gene expression. However, its usefulness is limited in complex plant tissues by the need to fix, embed and section samples before localizing the desired mRNA. Here we present a robust whole-mount in situ hybridization method th...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nprot.2014.162
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Spectroscopic techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy are used to study interactions of light with biological materials. This interaction forms the basis of many analytical assays used in disease screening/diagnosis, microbiological studies, and forensic/environmental investigations. Advantag...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41596-019-0150-x
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are continuously produced in the cell as a consequence of aerobic metabolism, and are controlled by several antioxidant mechanisms. An accurate measurement of ROS is essential to evaluate the redox status of the cell, or the effects of molecules with the pro-oxidant or antioxidant activit...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nprot.2009.189
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fluorescent microspheres are commonly used to assess bone blood supply in large animals, but the technique is not widely used in smaller mammals, as traditional methods such as reference blood sampling, ventilation and catheterization are not easily applied. This protocol describes a viable alternative for measuring b...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nprot.2009.190
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Top-down proteomics (TDP) by mass spectrometry (MS) is a technique by which intact proteins are analyzed. It has become increasingly popDesalting and concentrating GELFrEEular in translational research because of the value of characterizing distinct proteoforms of intact proteins. Compared to bottom-up proteomics (BUP...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41596-018-0085-7
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurofibromatosis type II (NF2) is a disease that lacks effective therapies. NF2 is characterized by bilateral vestibular schwannomas (VSs) that cause progressive and debilitating hearing loss, leading to social isolation and increased rates of depression. A major limitation in NF2 basic and translational research is ...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41596-018-0105-7
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most currently available colorectal cancer (CRC) mouse models are not suitable for studying progression toward the metastatic stage. Recently, establishment of tumor organoid lines, either from murine CRC models or patients, and the possibility of engineering them with genome-editing technologies, have provided a larg...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nprot.2017.137
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chromatin and transcriptional processes are among the most intensively studied fields of biology today. The introduction of chromatin immunoprecipitations (ChIP) represents a major advancement in this area. This powerful method allows researchers to probe specific protein-DNA interactions in vivo and to estimate the d...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nprot.2006.27
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We outline current in vitro and in vivo models for experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and provide a detailed protocol of our standardized in vivo PVR model. PVR is the leading cause of failed surgical procedures for the correction of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. The pathogenesis of this multifact...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nprot.2007.4
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The glycocalyx comprises glycosylated proteins and lipids and fcorms the outermost layer of cells. It is involved in fundamental inter- and intracellular processes, including non-self-cell and self-cell recognition, cell signaling, cellular structure maintenance, and immune protection. Characterization of the glycocal...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41596-020-0350-4
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A fluorescence-based microarray technique that does not require target DNA labeling is detailed. This 'label-free' approach utilizes a cationic, water-soluble conjugated polymer PFBT (poly[9,9'-bis(6''-(N,N,N-trimethylammonium)hexyl)fluorene-co-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole) dibromide]), and neutral PNA (peptide nuc...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nprot.2007.307
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Here, we describe a simple protocol for the design and construction of a laser-guided direct writing (LGDW) system able to micropattern the self-assembly of liver sinusoid-like structures with micrometer resolution in vitro. To the best of our knowledge, LGDW is the only technique able to pattern cells "on the fly" wi...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nprot.2006.386
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins has a crucial role in the regulation of important cellular processes. This protocol describes the chemical synthesis of functional SUMO-peptide conjugates. The two crucial stages of this protocol are the solid-phase synthesis of pep...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nprot.2015.013
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prediction of protein-protein interactions at the structural level on the proteome scale is important because it allows prediction of protein function, helps drug discovery and takes steps toward genome-wide structural systems biology. We provide a protocol (termed PRISM, protein interactions by structural matching) f...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nprot.2011.367
更新日期：2011-08-11 00:00:00
