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Anthropometric Analysis of the External Nose of the Egyptian Males.

Abstract：

OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to describe average nasal anthropometric measurements for young Egyptian males by using the Rhinobase® software. MATERIALS AND METHODS:This was a cross-sectional study involving the evaluation of facial photographs. Frontal, right lateral and basal photographs for 300 healthy adult male Egyptian volunteers (n = 300) were taken; then, the photos were edited using Rhinobase® Software and CorelDraw graphics (2017) software. Twenty anthropometric landmarks were determined. The calculated measurements of the soft tissue of the external nose included ten linear measurements and five angles. RESULTS:The means of the linear measurements of the external nose in this study were as follows: nasal height (56.12 mm), nasal bridge length (47.0 mm), columella length (9.1 mm), alar length (29.3 mm), morphological nose width (41.0 mm), anatomical nose width (38.0 mm), nasal tip protrusion (21.0 mm), nasal tip projection using 'Goode's method' (29.36 mm), dorsum width (9.6 mm) and nasion height (2.04 mm). The means of the angular measurements of the nose were as follows: nasofacial angle (33.1°), nasofrontal angle (144.0°), nasolabial angle (104.5°), nasomental angle (127.6°) and mentocervical angle (104.7°). CONCLUSIONS:Racial differences of the external nasal anthropometric values exist; hence, it is important to establish the average anthropometric measures for several races and ethnic groups. Measurements collected in this study can serve as a database for anthropometric average values of the external nose in healthy adult Egyptian males. Moreover, these measurements can aid in planning prior to nasal reconstruction and esthetic rhinoplasty by serving as a reference standard. Although the Rhinobase® software is an easy, reliable and safe indirect method for nasal analysis, we should be cautious during interpretation of some edited landmarks on Rhinobase® software pictures. In addition, inserting two rulers (in the horizontal and vertical dimension) allows accurate assessment of the linear anthropometric measurements. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V:This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

journal_name

Aesthetic Plast Surg

journal_title

Aesthetic plastic surgery

authors

Elsamny TA,Rabie AN,Abdelhamid AN,Sobhi EA

doi

10.1007/s00266-018-1197-8

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2018-10-01 00:00:00

pages

1343-1356

issue

eissn

0364-216X

issn

1432-5241

pii

10.1007/s00266-018-1197-8

journal_volume

pub_type

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Anthropometric Analysis of the External Nose of the Egyptian Males.