Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Pseudoptosis (bottoming out) is a well-observed phenomenon occurring after all types of breast reduction surgery. The authors' team previously reported the use of three-dimensional (3D) imaging to demonstrate that significant morphologic changes occur in the breast during the first year after short-scar medial pedicle breast reduction. This study extended this evaluation to postoperative year 3. METHODS:Patients undergoing short-scar medial pedicle breast reduction had 3D photographs taken using the Canfield Vectra 3-pod system or the Konica Minolta V910 during postoperative follow-up visits at 1 month, 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years. Patients were assessed for pseudoptosis and breast morphologic changes using the 3D-based measurements. RESULTS:During the 3 year period, 10 patients completed the study. The total breast volume decreased significantly during the first postoperative year by 20.6% (P < 0.05). No change in volume occurred during postoperative years 2 and 3 (P > 0.05). Pseudoptosis was documented in the first postoperative year by a 6% migration of breast tissue from the upper pole to the lower pole of the breast (P < 0.05), without significant change noted during the next 2 postoperative years (P > 0.05). This redistribution of the breast parenchyma correlated with a decrease in breast anteroposterior projection of 10.6 mm (P < 0.05) during the same period, with an insignificant change during postoperative years 2 and 3. During the first postoperative year, 3D comparative analysis recorded a 4.4-mm difference in the 3D topography (P < 0.05) and no further changes thereafter. The angle of breast projection showed a significant decrease of 17% (P < 0.05) in the first postoperative year and no change in subsequent years. CONCLUSION:Three-dimensional photography is a useful tool enabling the plastic surgeon to monitor the postoperative changes in breast morphology objectively. This study provides quantifiable data demonstrating that pseudoptosis and tissue redistribution are limited to the initial postoperative year for patients undergoing short-scar medial pedicle breast reduction. The kinetic change in the breasts during postoperative years 2 and 3 appears to be minimal. Studies comparing the changes in morphology over time with different techniques of breast reduction are underway.
journal_name
Aesthetic Plast Surgjournal_title
Aesthetic plastic surgeryauthors
Quan M,Fadl A,Small K,Tepper O,Kumar N,Choi M,Karp Ndoi
10.1007/s00266-010-9615-6subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-06-01 00:00:00pages
357-64issue
3eissn
0364-216Xissn
1432-5241journal_volume
35pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Gynecomastia is a morphostructural impairment of the mammary region in men caused by parenchymal hypertrophy or a cutaneous distortion of breast skin covering or both. The clinical classification introduced by Simon et al. in 1973 ranks gynecomastia in three degrees. Each subtype can be treated with a specif...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00266-008-9278-8
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vertical scar mammaplasty, first described by Lötsch in 1923 and Dartigues in 1924 for mastopexy, was extended later to breast reduction by Arié in 1957. It was otherwise lost to surgical history until Lassus began experimenting with it in 1964. It then was extended by Marchac and de Olarte, finally to be popularized ...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00266-005-0093-1
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Aesthetic surgery is a rapidly expanding industry and patient safety is a fundamental issue. The need for regulation has been outlined by the Professional Standards for Cosmetic Practice Report, published by the Royal College of Surgeons in January 2013 which highlighted standards of patient care. The aim of...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1007/s00266-015-0485-9
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Currently, aesthetic and reconstructive surgery of the breast should be considered in terms of contouring, and hence in terms of dimensions. Based on experience performing more than 5,000 breast augmentations with highly cohesive anatomic implants, the authors explore the aesthetic anatomy of the (augmented)...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00266-013-0190-5
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The zygomatic bone, which is located on both sides of the midface, significantly contributes to the overall facial form. Asian people usually have a wide midface and prominent zygoma. Reduction malarplasty is one of the most frequently performed facial contouring surgeries in Asian countries. This study aime...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00266-013-0239-5
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A modification of the standard periareolar incision is described. It provides better access for augmentation mammoplasty and gynecomastia, as well as allowing for correction of asymmetry in the size and siting of the nipple-areola complex. Finally, it achieves a very slight tightening of the skin envelope in cases of ...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01571118
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aesthetic improvement of the lips is a problem that must be treated in a totally independent way from the rest of the face because degeneration of the lips is tied to genetic or acquired factors for which no long-term procedure is effective. The effectiveness of resurfacing of large and small wrinkles using chemical a...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002669900026
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In many instances, successful cosmetic surgery may be followed by dissatisfaction by the patient. This results from many factors, broadly classified into three categories: those attributable to the patient; those attributable to the surgeon; and those resulting from interaction between the surgeon and the patient. Car...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01981679
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The double eyelid in the Chinese population is a desirable physical feature, which is now increasingly popular and demands modern up-to-date aesthetic operations for its formation. The author describes 3 types of double eyelid operations, e.g., the ligation method, the incision method, and the skin grafting method. Th...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01570847
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The author evaluates the new endoscopic treatment of the upper part of the face. The application of the endoscopic method for treating the effects of aging introduces great expectation for aesthetic plastic surgery. The procedure is performed under the periosteum, through tiny incisions near the hairline. The techniqu...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00449793
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The authors have developed a new digital photogrammetric method of facial analysis known as balanced angular and proportional analysis (BAPA). Using BAPA, the authors analyzed the faces of attractive Korean entertainers. METHODS:The BAPA approach involves 28 landmarks and 14 measurements (10 proportional an...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00266-008-9257-0
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The case of a patient who experienced a late, spontaneous breast hematoma 9 years after augmentation mammaplasty in the absence of trauma or anticoagulation is reported. Although hematoma is not an uncommon complication in the immediate postoperative period, it is very rare as a late complication of breast implantatio...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00266-004-3120-8
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Complications during or after blepharoplasty operations are described. These range from errors in assessing the patient's psychological state and the state of their health, through the more common physical sequelae of bleeding with haematoma formation, ectropion, hypertrophy of scars, etc., to complications affecting ...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01570269
更新日期:1976-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This report presents a variable standardized technique for reductive mammoplasty, based on techniques used by Pontes and Skoog, which is easily performed, carries low risk, and gives good postoperative results. This method enables the surgeon to perform a greater variety of physiologic mammoplasties, through nipple-ar...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01575227
更新日期:1980-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors present a new approach to handling the problem of extrusion of mammary implants. The prosthesis is removed and reintroduced in the same operation. Five cases are discussed. ...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00454318
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Cartilage grafts are the most commonly used grafts for structural and aesthetic purposes. This study aimed to compare the viability of diced cartilage grafts wrapped in fascia with diced cartilage grafts wrapped in perichondrium. Approximately 2 × 2 cm cartilage grafts were harvested from the ears of seven N...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00266-014-0403-6
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of clinical photography in aesthetic plastic surgery requires it to set high standards for the quality of the photos taken. The comparable portrayal of a series of dynamic changes leaves little room for artefacts. Even very small variations in the pictures may cause drastic changes in the value of clinical ph...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01575289
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The APTOS threading procedure is a relatively new method in antifacial ptosis surgery. The reported cases present a small percentage of minor complications. A 57-year-old woman experienced scarring after APTOS threading. Scar biopsy showed an epidermoid inclusion cyst. Epidermoid inclusion cysts are a potential compli...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00266-007-9016-7
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The severe postpregnancy diastasis of recti muscles causes a biomechanical alteration of the statics of the trunk and an unaesthetic bulging of the abdominal wall. This is always combined with cutaneous and subcutaneous excess, which is different on a case-by-case basis. There is not a consensus on the bes...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00266-020-01991-w
更新日期:2020-10-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Neurotoxins initially were used to treat hyperfunctional rhytids of the face, but now have been expanded to improve facial shaping, correct facial asymmetry and even improve skin texture and tone. METHODS:The clinical approach to non-surgical facial rejuvenation is approached into four anatomical regions: t...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00266-020-01691-5
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECT:To evaluate the effects, particularly the incidence of anastomotic fistula, of a pedicled dartos flap around the urethral orifice in the treatment of urethroplasty of mid-shaft hypospadias. METHODS:A total of 46 cases of congenital mid-shaft hypospadias were included in this study. The patients ranged in age fr...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00266-016-0659-0
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The ideal method of breast reconstruction should be safe, reliable, and have minimal or no donor-site morbidity. We present our experience with the latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap for delayed breast reconstruction with immediate permanent implant insertion. METHODS:The latissimus dorsi musculocutaneo...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00266-009-9338-8
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Facial and cranial asymmetry is common in bilateral vertebrates, particularly human beings. Through years of injecting fillers and performing face-lift operation on patients, we began to observe that more fillers were required on the right side to reach symmetry and also more loose skin and soft tissue was o...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00266-019-01526-y
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Rhinoplasty is known to increase attractiveness; however, the influence of observer age and gender are largely undetermined. METHODS:This retrospective cross-sectional study included 20 women who underwent cosmetic rhinoplasty between January 1st, 2012, and December 31st, 2019. A total of 4 surveys were con...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00266-020-02030-4
更新日期:2020-10-29 00:00:00
abstract::Use of a vascular pedicled temporoparietalis muscle flap resurfaced with a full-thickness skin graft from the opposite ear, instead of less-than-favorable skin coverage, is advocated to achieve more satisfactory aesthetic results in total ear reconstruction handicapped by the presence of scarred local skin. The techni...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01570713
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rhinoplasty is performed to improve the appearance of the nose. However, conventional procedures may result in impairment of nasal breathing. The purpose of this article is to describe a "functional and esthetic" rhinoplasty technique designed to avoid adverse effects on ventilation by preserving the structure of the ...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00266-003-2136-9
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The hammock technique combines inferior pedicle mammaplasty with retropectoral and inferior suspensions to prevent displacement of breast tissue toward the inferior mammarian pole. This study aimed to assess the long-lasting internal suspension with the author's mammary reduction technique. METHODS:From 198...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00266-006-0188-3
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There have been several reports of patients experiencing cerebral embolisms following the injection of autologous fat into the face during cosmetic surgery. These embolisms likely resulted from unintentional introduction of fat particles into facial arteries, which then reached the cerebral arteries by retro...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00266-018-1265-0
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In completing a satisfactory repair of the prominent ear, the shape of the antihelical fold is often the key to the aesthetic outcome. Correction involves not just creating a fold in the antihelix but also establishing a smooth sweep or antihelical curve anterior to posterior as well. The essential components describe...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00444251
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The position of the lower lateral cartilages (LLC) is closely related to the function of the external nasal valve (ENV). When there is a cephalic malposition of these cartilages, the nasal alae have inadequate support, which leads to ENV insufficiency during deep inspiration. METHODS:Retrospective study w...
journal_title:Aesthetic plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00266-018-1195-x
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00