Final diagnosis of 86 cases included in differential diagnosis of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in a Brazilian sample: a retrospective cross-sectional study.

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:Cutaneous leishmaniasis is distributed worldwide, including Brazil. Its several clinical forms need to be distinguished from other dermatoses. Clinical similarities and lack of a gold standard diagnostic tool make leishmaniasis-like lesions a challenging diagnosis. OBJECTIVES.:To report the final diagnosis of patients primarily suspected of having American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL). METHODS.:A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on the basis of medical records of 437 patients with clinical suspicion of ATL, registered in electronic hospital system between 1980 and 2013. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were compiled. RESULTS.:Analysis of 86 cases (19.7%) registered as ATL in one of the hypothesis revealed a different final diagnosis; 55 (63.9%) and 31 cases (36.1%) had skin and mucosal lesions, respectively. In 58 cases (67.4%), the requested PCR did not identify Leishmania sp. In 28 cases (32.5%), biopsies established the diagnosis and confirmed tumors, mycobacteriosis, and subcutaneous or systemic mycosis. Overall, 27% of the cases had inflammatory etiology, mainly nasal nonspecific inflammatory processes; 27% had infectious etiology, especially paracoccidioidomycosis and leprosy; 20% had neoplastic etiology, mainly basal and squamous cell carcinoma; 15% had miscellaneous etiology, including neuropathic ulcer, traumatic ulcers, idiopathic ulcer; 11% missed the follow-up. STUDY LIMITATIONS:Some cases had no final diagnosis due to loss of follow-up. CONCLUSION.:ATL can be confused with several differential diagnoses, especially inflammatory and infectious granulomatous diseases as well as non-melanoma skin cancers. Clinicians working in tropical areas should be aware of the main differential diagnosis of leishmaniasis-like lesions.

journal_name

An Bras Dermatol

authors

Tirelli F,Vernal S,Roselino AM

doi

10.1590/abd1806-4841.20175794

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2017-09-01 00:00:00

pages

642-648

issue

5

eissn

0365-0596

issn

1806-4841

pii

S0365-05962017000500642

journal_volume

92

pub_type

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