Structure and synthesis of a potent glutamate receptor antagonist in wasp venom.

abstract：:New Zealand black x New Zealand white (NZB/W) F1 mice spontaneously develop an autoimmune syndrome with notable similarities to human systemic lupus erythematosus. Female NZB/WF1 mice produce high titers of antinuclear antibodies and invariably succumb to severe glomerulonephritis by 12 months of age. Although the dev...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang Y,Hu Q,Madri JA,Rollins SA,Chodera A,Matis LA

更新日期：1996-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposure of Chinese hamster cells to reduced oxygen partial pressure results in a marked enhancement in the frequency of methotrexate resistance and dihydrofolate reductase gene amplification. The frequency of enhanced resistance is a function of the length of exposure to hypoxic conditions and the time after recovery...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rice GC,Hoy C,Schimke RT

更新日期：1986-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mechanisms that regulate the ubiquitin (Ub)-proteasome system's own components, although critically important, are largely unknown. Ub, a principal component of the system, must be maintained at adequate levels to support cellular homeostasis under basal and stressed conditions. It was suggested that Ub is degrade...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shabek N,Herman-Bachinsky Y,Ciechanover A

更新日期：2009-07-21 00:00:00

abstract：:We report a comprehensive cartography of selective responses to visual letters and words in the human ventral occipito-temporal cortex (VOTC) with direct neural recordings, clarifying key aspects of the neural basis of reading. Intracerebral recordings were performed in a large group of patients (n = 37) presented wit...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lochy A,Jacques C,Maillard L,Colnat-Coulbois S,Rossion B,Jonas J

更新日期：2018-08-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Brain areas' functional repertoires are shaped by their incoming and outgoing structural connections. In empirically measured networks, most connections are short, reflecting spatial and energetic constraints. Nonetheless, a small number of connections span long distances, consistent with the notion that the functiona...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Betzel RF,Bassett DS

更新日期：2018-05-22 00:00:00

abstract：:There exist a limited but growing number of biological metal centers whose properties lie conspicuously outside the realm of known inorganic chemistry. The synthetic analogue approach, broadly directed, offers a powerful exploratory tool that can define intrinsic chemical possibilities for these sites while simultaneo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lee SC,Holm RH

更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:(3)H-actinomycin D, a guanine-binding agent, labels fixed human chromosomes nonrandomly. Actinomycin D added in G2 inhibits secondary constrictions and breaks chromosomes. There is some tendency for label to be concentrated at the ends of chromosomes and near the centromere. Labeling with (3)H-thymidine in the late st...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Miles CP

更新日期：1970-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The forebrain cholinergic system promotes higher brain function in part by signaling through the M(1) muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR). During Alzheimer's disease (AD), these cholinergic neurons degenerate, therefore selectively activating M(1) receptors could improve cognitive function in these patients whil...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ma L,Seager MA,Wittmann M,Jacobson M,Bickel D,Burno M,Jones K,Graufelds VK,Xu G,Pearson M,McCampbell A,Gaspar R,Shughrue P,Danziger A,Regan C,Flick R,Pascarella D,Garson S,Doran S,Kreatsoulas C,Veng L,Lindsley C

更新日期：2009-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The distribution of proenkephalin and [Met]enkephalin immunoreactivities in the bovine hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system was studied by use of specific antisera. Proenkephalin and [Met]enkephalin immunoreactivities were found in magnocellular neuronal cell bodies in the dorsal part of the supraoptic nuclei and in th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vanderhaeghen JJ,Lotstra F,Liston DR,Rossier J

更新日期：1983-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:High-volume hydraulic fracturing (HVHF) has revolutionized the oil and gas industry worldwide but has been accompanied by highly controversial incidents of reported water contamination. For example, groundwater contamination by stray natural gas and spillage of brine and other gas drilling-related fluids is known to o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Llewellyn GT,Dorman F,Westland JL,Yoxtheimer D,Grieve P,Sowers T,Humston-Fulmer E,Brantley SL

更新日期：2015-05-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding the ecological impacts of climate change is a crucial challenge of the twenty-first century. There is a clear lack of general rules regarding the impacts of global warming on biota. Here, we present a metaanalysis of the effect of climate change on body size of ectothermic aquatic organisms (bacteria, ph...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Daufresne M,Lengfellner K,Sommer U

更新日期：2009-08-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Carbon can exist as isolated dumbbell, 1D chain, 2D plane, and 3D network in carbon solids or carbon-based compounds, which attributes to its rich chemical binding way, including sp-, sp(2)-, and sp(3)-hybridized bonds. sp(2)-hybridizing carbon always captures special attention due to its unique physical and chemical ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Li YL,Luo W,Zeng Z,Lin HQ,Mao HK,Ahuja R

更新日期：2013-06-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrogenesis is repressed in the early embryonic period and occurs in the late embryonic period. A variety of external and internal signals contribute to the sequential differentiation of neural stem cells. Here, we discovered that immune-related CD93 plays a critical negative role in the regulation of astrogenesis in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liang Q,Su L,Zhang D,Jiao J

更新日期：2020-04-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The Black Death, originating in Asia, arrived in the Mediterranean harbors of Europe in 1347 CE, via the land and sea trade routes of the ancient Silk Road system. This epidemic marked the start of the second plague pandemic, which lasted in Europe until the early 19th century. This pandemic is generally understood as...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schmid BV,Büntgen U,Easterday WR,Ginzler C,Walløe L,Bramanti B,Stenseth NC

更新日期：2015-03-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Because previous studies showed that polyunsaturated fatty acids can reduce the contraction rate of spontaneously beating heart cells and have antiarrhythmic effects, we examined the effects of the fatty acids on the electrophysiology of the cardiac cycle in isolated neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. Exposure of cardiomy...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kang JX,Xiao YF,Leaf A

更新日期：1995-04-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Endothelial cells (ECs) not only are important for oxygen delivery but also act as a paracrine source for signals that determine the balance between tissue regeneration and fibrosis. Here we show that genetic inactivation of flow-induced transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) in ECs results in reduced liver...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Manavski Y,Abel T,Hu J,Kleinlützum D,Buchholz CJ,Belz C,Augustin HG,Boon RA,Dimmeler S

更新日期：2017-04-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Combinatorial antibody libraries have the potential to display the entire immunological record of an individual, allowing one to detect and recover any antibody ever made, irrespective of whether it is currently being produced. We have termed this the "fossil record" of an individual's antibody response. To determine ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Felding-Habermann B,Lerner RA,Lillo A,Zhuang S,Weber MR,Arrues S,Gao C,Mao S,Saven A,Janda KD

更新日期：2004-12-07 00:00:00

abstract：:In a metabolic study of human and mouse preimplantation embryos (preembryos), we measured glucose uptake and phosphorylation with nonradioactive 2-deoxyglucose (DG) as tracer. Initial experiments indicated an active hexose transport capacity, a property thought to be restricted in mammals to intestinal villi and kidne...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chi MM,Manchester JK,Basuray R,Mahendra S,Strickler RC,McDougal DB Jr,Lowry OH

更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We are interested in using recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors in the treatment of hemophilia A. Because of the size constraints of recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors, we delivered the heavy and light chains of the human factor 8 (hFVIII) cDNA independently by using two separate vectors. Recombinant AAV...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Burton M,Nakai H,Colosi P,Cunningham J,Mitchell R,Couto L

更新日期：1999-10-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Methods for the construction of ordered nanoscale arrays have been implicated in fields ranging from separation technologies to microelectronics. Yet, despite the plethora of nanoscale structures assembled in nature that use a templating strategy, chemists have been unable to replicate this success. A technology is re...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Willis B,Eubanks LM,Wood MR,Janda KD,Dickerson TJ,Lerner RA

更新日期：2008-02-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyclic GMP (cGMP) is an important second messenger in eukaryotes. It is formed by guanylyl cyclases (GCs), members of the nucleotidyl cyclases class III, which also comprises adenylyl cyclases (ACs) from most organisms. To date, no structures of eukaryotic GCs are available, and all bacterial class III proteins were f...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rauch A,Leipelt M,Russwurm M,Steegborn C

更新日期：2008-10-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Freshwater planarian flatworms are capable of regenerating complete organisms from tiny fragments of their bodies; the basis for this regenerative prowess is an experimentally accessible stem cell population that is present in the adult planarian. The study of these organisms, classic experimental models for investiga...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Newmark PA,Reddien PW,Cebrià F,Sánchez Alvarado A

更新日期：2003-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Drugs with poor oral bioavailability usually are administered by hypodermic injection, which causes pain, poor patient compliance, the need for trained personnel, and risk of infectious disease transmission. Transdermal (TD) delivery provides an excellent alternative, but the barrier of skin's outer stratum corneum (S...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wermeling DP,Banks SL,Hudson DA,Gill HS,Gupta J,Prausnitz MR,Stinchcomb AL

更新日期：2008-02-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite their relative simplicity, bacteria have complex anatomy at the subcellular level. At the cell poles of Caulobacter crescentus, a 177-amino acid (aa) protein called PopZ self-assembles into 3D polymeric superstructures. Remarkably, we find that this assemblage interacts directly with at least eight different p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Holmes JA,Follett SE,Wang H,Meadows CP,Varga K,Bowman GR

更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cloned DNA templates were used to direct the transcription of early and late simian virus 40 (SV40) genes by a cell-free RNA-synthesizing system. Transcription by RNA polymerase II was sensitive to low levels of alpha-amanitin and completely dependent on exogenously added DNA template. RNA products of discrete lengths...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rio D,Robbins A,Myers R,Tjian R

更新日期：1980-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A human Burkitt lymphoma cell line, Raji-HN2, made 10-fold more resistant to nitrogen mustard (HN2) than the parental Raji cell line, exhibited the following characteristics when compared to the parental Raji cells: (i) decreased HN2-induced DNA interstrand crosslinking; (ii) increased (3-fold) DNA topoisomerase II [D...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tan KB,Mattern MR,Boyce RA,Schein PS

更新日期：1987-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:3.L2 T cell receptor transgenic T cells are activated by the 64-76 peptide of the mouse hemoglobin d beta chain [Hb(64-76)], and their response is antagonized by the position 72 alanine substitution of this peptide (A72). To test the effect of this altered peptide ligand (APL) on 3.L2 T cell function in vivo, a transg...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Basu D,Williams CB,Allen PM

更新日期：1998-11-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Developmental genetic studies of evolved differences in morphology have led to the hypothesis that cis-regulatory changes often underlie morphological evolution. However, because most of these studies focus on evolved loss of traits, the genetic architecture and possible association with cis-regulatory changes of gain...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cleves PA,Ellis NA,Jimenez MT,Nunez SM,Schluter D,Kingsley DM,Miller CT

更新日期：2014-09-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Many ecosystems, from vegetation to biofilms, are composed of territorial populations that compete for both nutrients and physical space. What are the implications of such spatial organization for biodiversity? To address this question, we developed and analyzed a model of territorial resource competition. In the mode...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Weiner BG,Posfai A,Wingreen NS

更新日期：2019-09-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The proteasome is responsible for degradation of substrates of the ubiquitin pathway. 20S proteasomes are cylindrical particles with subunits arranged in a stack of four heptameric rings. The outer rings are composed of alpha subunits, and the inner rings are composed of beta subunits. A well-characterized archaeal pr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Arendt CS,Hochstrasser M

更新日期：1997-07-08 00:00:00