Abstract：
:The paper electrocardiogram (ECG) has been widely used for cardiac assessment for well over a century. ECGs can be obtained quickly and cheaply. For this reason, an ever-growing amount of paper ECG records continue to accumulate, some of which are stored into a paper-only format. Converting paper ECGs into digital form has been proposed as the most efficient means to store and analyze an otherwise cumbersome paper archive. In this article, a literature review was conducted for conversion algorithms, criticisms of said algorithms, applications, and standardization efforts. The algorithms were compared in tabulated form. Key functions that have advanced the conversion algorithms as well as remaining challenges are discussed.
journal_name
J Electrocardioljournal_title
Journal of electrocardiologyauthors
Waits GS,Soliman EZdoi
10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2016.09.007subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-01-01 00:00:00pages
123-130issue
1eissn
0022-0736issn
1532-8430pii
S0022-0736(16)30180-7journal_volume
50pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:15-Year-old man's cardiac event monitor showed an episode of wide complex tachycardia which transitioned into narrow complex tachycardia. The tachycardia cycle length was shorter during wide complex tachycardia compared with narrow complex tachycardia. He underwent electrophysiology study in which an orthodromic atrio...
journal_title：Journal of electrocardiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2020.02.002
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The myocardial electrical conduction is significantly influenced by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. Hypervagotonia refers to increased vagal tone leading to sinus bradycardia, sinus pause, or any degree of atrioventricular (AV) block. There are many clinical, electrocardiographic, and electrophysi...
journal_title：Journal of electrocardiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2009.07.018
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The electrocardiographic criteria for isolated left anterior fascicular block are reviewed and illustrated. Left anterior fascicular block decreases the voltage in the chest leads and increases the voltage in the limb leads. The usual voltage criteria of left ventricular hypertrophy must be modified appropriately. Cha...
journal_title：Journal of electrocardiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0022-0736(83)80024-7
更新日期：1983-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Left ventricular systolic function, determined mainly by final infarct size, has a major influence on prognosis after acute myocardial infarction (MI). It was found that infarct size and left ventricular ejection fraction can be predicted using the Selvester QRS-score in patients not receiving reperfusion therapy. We ...
journal_title：Journal of electrocardiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1054/jelc.200.20345
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Morphology of ventricular ectopic complexes was examined in 1,746 ECGs of 149 patients with permanent ventricular pacemakers. In 20 of 80 patients (25%) the morphology of ventricular ectopic complexes was similar to that of the paced complex. This resulted in a ventricular couplet where the spontaneous premature compl...
journal_title：Journal of electrocardiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0022-0736(80)80039-2
更新日期：1980-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We present an example of sudden modification in QRS morphology during ventricular pacing inside a scar-related isthmus. This is explained by a "concealed" sudden block in both the orthodromic and antidromic wavefront directions, allowing then the activation to proceed through a now overt antidromic conduction. ...
journal_title：Journal of electrocardiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2016.07.035
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:We studied whether social media applications can serve as effective educational tools for teaching electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation to medical residents. METHODS:39 emergency, family, and internal medicine residents participated in the 33-week "ECG of the Week" curriculum via Facebook and Twitter. ECG...
journal_title：Journal of electrocardiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2017.04.010
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We hypothesized that if the right atrial circuit during isthmus dependent atrial flutter provides the dominant contribution to the surface electrocardiogram (ECG), the three-dimensional vector loop of the flutter waves would primarily be in a plane approximately parallel to the tricuspid ring. Twenty vectorcardiograms...
journal_title：Journal of electrocardiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2003.09.055
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We present a case of a woman with an asymptomatic intermittent 2:1 atrioventricular block. The baseline ECG showed a wide QRS with right bundle branch block pattern. Measurement of the HV interval during electrophysiological study was normal. During electrophysiological stimulation, a unique pattern of paradoxical con...
journal_title：Journal of electrocardiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2017.03.003
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:The increased QRS voltage is considered to be a specific electrocardiogram (ECG) sign of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), and it is expected that the QRS voltage reflects the increase in left ventricular mass (LVM). However, the increased QRS voltage is only one of QRS patterns observed in patients with L...
journal_title：Journal of electrocardiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2009.07.014
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relative contributions of left ventricular structural changes, dysfunction, and subendocardial ischemia in determining electrocardiographic repolarization abnormalities were assessed in 53 patients with chronic, pure aortic regurgitation and no evidence of coronary artery disease. Thirty-six patients with an abnor...
journal_title：Journal of electrocardiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0022-0736(94)80001-4
更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Conflicting evidence exists on the efficacy of focal impulse and rotor modulation on atrial fibrillation ablation. A potential explanation is inaccurate rotor localization from multiple rotors coexistence and a relatively large (9-11mm) inter-electrode distance (IED) of the multi-electrode basket catheter. ...
journal_title：Journal of electrocardiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2017.08.032
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Using standard biopolar, temporary pacing catheters, thresholds were measured in four configurations: (1) bipolar (distal electrode negative, proximal electrode positive); (2) distal unipolar (distal electrode negative, right arm electrode positive); (3) proximal unipolar (proximal electrode negative, right arm electr...
journal_title：Journal of electrocardiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0022-0736(76)80077-5
更新日期：1976-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Left ventricular (LV) dysfunction after myocardial infarction is associated with higher risk of serious ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death. We suspected that heterogeneity in ventricular repolarization contributes to these arrhythmias. To quantify this heterogeneity, we measured the recovery time (the interval b...
journal_title：Journal of electrocardiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1054/jelc.2003.50005
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To assess the significance of recovery time (RT) dispersion measured by body surface mapping, we investigated body surface RT isochrone maps of 40 patients with anterior old myocardial infarction (OMI), 40 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and 40 controls. Among the OMI and DCM groups, 20 patients per group ...
journal_title：Journal of electrocardiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1054/jelc.2001.23358
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have analyzed the Wilson ventricular gradient in terms of body surface potential maps and of the reduction of such surface patterns to equivalent dipoles or vectors. While the ventricular gradient traditionally was treated as first a scalar, then a vector concept, we found that the three entities (QRS area, T area,...
journal_title：Journal of electrocardiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0022-0736(81)81013-8
更新日期：1981-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:QT and RR intervals' fluctuations are implicated in the development of malignant arrhythmias. Recent research has quantified repolarization lability using stochastic and linear methods. However, QT-RR intervals are nonlinearly coupled. To this end, QT and RR intervals were extracted from twenty four patients with acut...
journal_title：Journal of electrocardiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2004.04.008
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We are reporting a series of 13 out of a total of 16 patients in whom sinus nodal activity was recorded with the use of intra-atrial electrodes, during diagnostic His-bundle electrocardiography investigations. The protocol consisted of the simultaneous monitoring of the following intra-atrial points: high right atrium...
journal_title：Journal of electrocardiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0022-0736(79)80002-3
更新日期：1979-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The electrocardiographic transient display of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), during rapid heart rates, in the setting of sinus/supraventricular tachycardias and atrial fibrillation, is illustrated via 3 case reports. This common occurrence is expressed by an increase in the S-waves in leads V2-V5, during tachycar...
journal_title：Journal of electrocardiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2021.01.001
更新日期：2021-01-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Isolated T wave alternans (TWA) could be consistently induced in 13 dogs by infusion of an acid dextrose solution (ACD) and in nine with a 2% EDTA disodium solution. To study the factors concerned in evoking TWA, serial determinations of total and ionized serum calcium (ICa), Mg, K, pH, pCO2 and pO2 were performed. Ar...
journal_title：Journal of electrocardiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0022-0736(78)80098-3
更新日期：1978-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In STEMI, grade-3 ischemia (G3) on admission ECG predicts larger infarct size (IS) than grade-2 (G2). We evaluated whether pre-hospital G3 and its temporal behavior are associated with IS and salvage after pPCI. METHODS:In 401 STEMI patients, pre-hospital and pre-PCI ECGs were classified as G3 or G2. IS was...
journal_title：Journal of electrocardiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2014.04.012
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The origin of ST depression in ischemia remains poorly understood. The accepted source is of intracellular current flowing between the ischemic and non ischaemic muscle both in systole and diastole such that the AC recorded electrocardiogram shows ST elevation over the ischemic area. The difficulty comes with partial ...
journal_title：Journal of electrocardiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2003.09.002
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:QT interval measured in the electrocardiogram (ECG) varies with RR interval challenging the calculation of corrected QT (QTc) in Atrial fibrillation (AF). OBJECTIVES:To identify the ideal Lead, number of complexes and the formula to measure QTc that correlates best between AF and sinus rhythm (SR). PROCEDU...
journal_title：Journal of electrocardiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2019.06.009
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Normal pacemaker and defibrillator function can occasionally mimic device malfunction. A thorough understanding of timing cycles and familiarity with company-specific pacing algorithms can often avoid unnecessary confusion. ...
journal_title：Journal of electrocardiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2012.06.006
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) detect and defibrillate ventricular fibrillation (VF) and ventricular tachycardia (VT). Other therapies which use less energy are also available to terminate VT. Previous studies have shown that ICD rate schemes often misdiagnose VT as VF. In this study, an improved VF cl...
journal_title：Journal of electrocardiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0022-0736(98)80060-5
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Here we report the identification of two novel mutations in a previously asymptomatic young man who suffered an out-of-hospital sudden cardiac arrest. During following evaluation, diagnosis of early stage dilated cardiomyopathy was established, while electrocardiogram monitoring showed frequent complex ventricular arr...
journal_title：Journal of electrocardiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2018.12.015
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Placement of the precordial electrodes for recording a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) is subject to variation. Previous research has shown that displacement, especially in the longitudinal direction, can lead to changes in diagnosis. In practice, both the displacement and the effects of displacement on an individual ...
journal_title：Journal of electrocardiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0022-0736(96)80002-1
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This report presents an unusual type of conduction disturbance of the left bundle branch which appeared in a patient with acute bacterial endocarditis of the aortic valve in which the septum was also invaded. This is the first case found in which the partial left bundle branch block (LBBB) was of acute inflammatory or...
journal_title：Journal of electrocardiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0022-0736(77)80073-3
更新日期：1977-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Electrocardiograms and His bundle electrograms were presented from a patient with a rare combination of intermittent bilateral bundle branch block. Critical analyses of R-R intervals and evolution of bundle branch block patterns revealed both tachycardia dependent right bundle branch block and bradycardia dependent le...
journal_title：Journal of electrocardiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0022-0736(81)80057-x
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Atrioventricular node reentry tachycardia is an incompletely understood substrate for supraventricular tachycardia. Although there is agreement that the mechanism involves functionally separate fast and slow AV node pathways, which are somewhat anatomically discrete, the anatomical basis for the reentrant circuit is n...
journal_title：Journal of electrocardiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2008.06.016
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
