Photodegradation alleviates the lignin bottleneck for carbon turnover in terrestrial ecosystems.

abstract：:Members of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily play essential roles in various aspects of embryonic development and physiological organ function. Among them, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 9 and BMP10 regulate embryonic vascular development by activating their endothelial receptor ALK1 (activin receptor-lik...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Somekawa S,Imagawa K,Hayashi H,Sakabe M,Ioka T,Sato GE,Inada K,Iwamoto T,Mori T,Uemura S,Nakagawa O,Saito Y

更新日期：2012-07-24 00:00:00

abstract：:We have recently demonstrated that immunization with hepatitis C virus-like particles (HCV-LPs) generated in insect cells can elicit both humoral and cellular immune responses in BALB/c mice. Here, we evaluate the immunogenicity of HCV-LPs in HLA2.1 transgenic (AAD) mice in comparison to DNA immunization. HCV-LP immun...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Murata K,Lechmann M,Qiao M,Gunji T,Alter HJ,Liang TJ

更新日期：2003-05-27 00:00:00

abstract：:An approximately decadal periodicity in surface air temperature is discernable in global observations from A.D. 1855 to 1900 and since A.D. 1945, but with a periodicity of only about 6 years during the intervening period. Changes in solar irradiance related to the sunspot cycle have been proposed to account for the fo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Keeling CD,Whorf TP

更新日期：1997-08-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Cancer stem cells (CSCs) sustain tumor growth through their ability to self-renew and to generate differentiated progeny. These functions endow CSCs with the potential to initiate secondary tumors bearing characteristics similar to those of the parent. Recently the hair follicle stem cell marker CD34 was used to purif...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schober M,Fuchs E

更新日期：2011-06-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Effects of temperature on biological processes are complex. Diffusion is less affected than the diverse enzymatic reactions that have distinct individual temperature profiles. Hence thermal fluctuations pose a formidable challenge to ectothermic organisms in which body temperature is largely dictated by the ambient te...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Radermacher PT,Myachina F,Bosshardt F,Pandey R,Mariappa D,Müller HA,Lehner CF

更新日期：2014-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The pathophysiology of systemic inflammation and sepsis involves peripheral organs, causing gastrointestinal, renal, and cardiovascular alterations, as well as the central nervous system (CNS), affecting sleep, temperature regulation, behavior, and neuroendocrine function. The molecular basis of the CNS effects of sys...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wong ML,Bongiorno PB,Rettori V,McCann SM,Licinio J

更新日期：1997-01-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Microbes whose genomes are encoded by DNA and for which adequate information is available display similar genomic mutation rates (average 0.0034 mutations per chromosome replication, range 0.0025 to 0.0046). However, this value currently is based on only a few well characterized microbes reproducing within a narrow ra...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Grogan DW,Carver GT,Drake JW

更新日期：2001-07-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Apomixis is a naturally occurring mode of reproduction that results in embryo formation without the involvement of meiosis or fertilization of the egg. Seed-derived progeny of an apomictic plant are genetically identical to the maternal parent. We are studying a form of apomixis called apospory that occurs in the genu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ozias-Akins P,Roche D,Hanna WW

更新日期：1998-04-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The aggregation of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide is linked to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In particular, some point mutations within Aβ are associated with early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease. Here we set out to explore how the physical properties of the altered side chains, including their sizes a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yang X,Meisl G,Frohm B,Thulin E,Knowles TPJ,Linse S

更新日期：2018-06-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Plant cutin monomers trigger, and glucose suppresses, the expression of the cutinase gene of pathogenic fungi. To identify the cutinase promoter region responsible for induction by the unique plant components, a promoter analysis was done with transformants. Plasmids were constructed that contained (i) the 5' flanking...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bajar A,Podila GK,Kolattukudy PE

更新日期：1991-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is an often fatal disease primarily affecting young women in which tuberin (TSC2)-null cells metastasize to the lungs. The mechanisms underlying the striking female predominance of LAM are unknown. We report here that 17-beta-estradiol (E(2)) causes a 3- to 5-fold increase in pulmonary m...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yu JJ,Robb VA,Morrison TA,Ariazi EA,Karbowniczek M,Astrinidis A,Wang C,Hernandez-Cuebas L,Seeholzer LF,Nicolas E,Hensley H,Jordan VC,Walker CL,Henske EP

更新日期：2009-02-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Depression is a debilitating mental illness and is often comorbid with metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes. Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived hormone with antidiabetic and insulin-sensitizing properties. Here we show that adiponectin levels in plasma are reduced in a chronic social-defeat stress model of dep...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu J,Guo M,Zhang D,Cheng SY,Liu M,Ding J,Scherer PE,Liu F,Lu XY

更新日期：2012-07-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Expression of the bacterial RecA protein in plants stimulates homologous recombination in tobacco. Here we show that RecA plays a direct role in DNA strand exchange in vivo. The number of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) was increased 2.4-fold over wild type in transgenic tobacco plants expressing a nuclear-targeted ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reiss B,Schubert I,Köpchen K,Wendeler E,Schell J,Puchta H

更新日期：2000-03-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Imaging reporter gene expression in living subjects is a rapidly evolving area of molecular imaging research. Studies have validated the use of reporter genes with positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), MRI, fluorescence with wild-type and mutants of green fluorescent p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bhaumik S,Gambhir SS

更新日期：2002-01-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is involved in self-renewal of embryonic stem cells and reprogramming of somatic cells to pluripotency. However, its role in lineage-committed stem cells remains largely unknown. Here, we show that KLF4 is expressed in neural stem cells (NSCs) and is down-regulated during neuronal differen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Qin S,Liu M,Niu W,Zhang CL

更新日期：2011-12-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The RuvC protein of Escherichia coli catalyzes the resolution of recombination intermediates during genetic recombination and the recombinational repair of damaged DNA. Resolution involves specific recognition of the Holliday structure to form a complex that exhibits twofold symmetry with the DNA in an open configurat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bennett RJ,West SC

更新日期：1996-10-29 00:00:00

abstract：:For over a century neuroscientists have debated the dynamics by which human cortical language networks allow words to be spoken. Although it is widely accepted that Broca's area in the left inferior frontal gyrus plays an important role in this process, it was not possible, until recently, to detail the timing of its ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Flinker A,Korzeniewska A,Shestyuk AY,Franaszczuk PJ,Dronkers NF,Knight RT,Crone NE

更新日期：2015-03-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The detection, stabilization, and repair of stress-induced damage are essential requirements for cellular life. All cells respond to osmotic stress-induced water loss with increased expression of genes that mediate accumulation of organic osmolytes, solutes that function as chemical chaperones and restore osmotic home...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lamitina T,Huang CG,Strange K

更新日期：2006-08-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Ribosome crystal structures have revealed that two small subunit proteins, S9 and S13, have C-terminal tails, which, together with several features of 16S rRNA, contact the anticodon stem-loop of P-site tRNA. To test the functional importance of these protein tails, we created genomic deletions of the C-terminal regio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hoang L,Fredrick K,Noller HF

更新日期：2004-08-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Double-stranded DNA break repair by homologous recombination is initiated by resection of free DNA ends to produce a 3'-ssDNA overhang. In bacteria, this reaction is catalyzed by helicase-nuclease complexes such as AddAB in a manner regulated by specific recombination hotspot sequences called Crossover hotspot instiga...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Carrasco C,Gilhooly NS,Dillingham MS,Moreno-Herrero F

更新日期：2013-07-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Visual processing depends critically on the receptive field (RF) properties of visual neurons. However, comprehensive characterization of RFs beyond the primary visual cortex (V1) remains a challenge. Here we report fine RF structures in secondary visual cortex (V2) of awake macaque monkeys, identified through a proje...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu L,She L,Chen M,Liu T,Lu HD,Dan Y,Poo MM

更新日期：2016-02-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Evidence is presented that suggests that GTP (or 5'-guanylylmethylene diphosphonate) is not essential for either formation of an AUG-directed, initiation factor IF-2-dependent initiation complex on the 30S subunit or for positioning of fMet-tRNA on the peptidyl site. However, recycling of limiting amounts of IF-2 requ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mazumder R

更新日期：1972-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a cell cycle-regulated E3 ubiquitin ligase that controls the degradation of substrate proteins at mitotic exit and throughout the G1 phase. We have identified an APC/C substrate and cell cycle-regulated protein, KIAA0101/PAF15. PAF15 protein levels peak in the G2/M p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Emanuele MJ,Ciccia A,Elia AE,Elledge SJ

更新日期：2011-06-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Mineralogical processes taking place close to equilibrium, or with very slow kinetics, are difficult to quantify precisely. The determination of ultraslow dissolution/precipitation rates would reveal characteristic timing associated with these processes that are important at geological scale. We have designed an advan...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Van Driessche AE,García-Ruíz JM,Tsukamoto K,Patiño-Lopez LD,Satoh H

更新日期：2011-09-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Morphological and genetic characters from cyprinid fishes of the genus Gila were examined to assess a hypothesized hybrid origin of Gila seminuda from the Virgin River, Arizona-Nevada-Utah. The presumed parents, Gila robusta robusta and Gila elegans, are clearly differentiated from one another based on morphology, all...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： DeMarais BD,Dowling TE,Douglas ME,Minckley WL,Marsh PC

更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A primary method for studying cellular function is to examine cell morphology after a given manipulation. Fluorescent markers attached to proteins/intracellular structures of interest in conjunction with 3D fluorescent microscopy are frequently exploited for functional analysis. Despite the central role of morphology ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Duong T,Goud B,Schauer K

更新日期：2012-05-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Antibody-coated latex beads (Ab-beads) were attached to Leptospira interrogans serovars illini 3055 and icterohaemorrhagiae SC1157. The movement of the Ab-beads relative to the motion of the cells was observed by direct darkfield microscopy or was recorded on videotape. When the Ab-beads were attached to the front end...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Charon NW,Lawrence CW,O'Brien S

更新日期：1981-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A goal of regenerative medicine is to identify cardiovascular progenitors from human ES cells (hESCs) that can functionally integrate into the human heart. Previous studies to evaluate the developmental potential of candidate hESC-derived progenitors have delivered these cells into murine and porcine cardiac tissue, w...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ardehali R,Ali SR,Inlay MA,Abilez OJ,Chen MQ,Blauwkamp TA,Yazawa M,Gong Y,Nusse R,Drukker M,Weissman IL

更新日期：2013-02-26 00:00:00

abstract：:In 1950, John Nash contributed a remarkable one-page PNAS article that defined and characterized a notion of equilibrium for n- person games. This notion, now called the "Nash equilibrium," has been widely applied and adapted in economics and other behavioral sciences. Indeed, game theory, with the Nash equilibrium as...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Holt CA,Roth AE

更新日期：2004-03-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Antigen stimulation of mast cells via FcepsilonRI, the high-affinity receptor for IgE, triggers a signaling cascade that requires Ca(2+) mobilization for exocytosis of secretory granules during an allergic response. This study investigates critical signaling components by using mutant RBL mast cells that are defective...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hong-Geller E,Holowka D,Siraganian RP,Baird B,Cerione RA

更新日期：2001-01-30 00:00:00