Abstract:
:Cohort design is a type of nonexperimental or observational study design. In a cohort study, the participants do not have the outcome of interest to begin with. They are selected based on the exposure status of the individual. They are then followed over time to evaluate for the occurrence of the outcome of interest. Some examples of cohort studies are (1) Framingham Cohort study, (2) Swiss HIV Cohort study, and (3) The Danish Cohort study of psoriasis and depression. These studies may be prospective, retrospective, or a combination of both of these types. Since at the time of entry into the cohort study, the individuals do not have outcome, the temporality between exposure and outcome is well defined in a cohort design. If the exposure is rare, then a cohort design is an efficient method to study the relation between exposure and outcomes. A retrospective cohort study can be completed fast and is relatively inexpensive compared with a prospective cohort study. Follow-up of the study participants is very important in a cohort study, and losses are an important source of bias in these types of studies. These studies are used to estimate the cumulative incidence and incidence rate. One of the main strengths of a cohort study is the longitudinal nature of the data. Some of the variables in the data will be time-varying and some may be time independent. Thus, advanced modeling techniques (such as fixed and random effects models) are useful in analysis of these studies.
journal_name
Indian J Dermatoljournal_title
Indian journal of dermatologyauthors
Setia MSdoi
10.4103/0019-5154.174011subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-01-01 00:00:00pages
21-5issue
1eissn
0019-5154issn
1998-3611pii
IJD-61-21journal_volume
61pub_type
杂志文章abstract::A Case of faun-tail nevus is presented. A long tuft of hair over the back in the lumbar region hid a bony defect of the fifth lumbar spine. No neurological symptoms were encountered. ...
journal_title:Indian journal of dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Chronic urticaria (CU) is defined as urticaria persisting daily as or almost daily for more than 6 weeks and affecting 0.1% of the population. Mast cell degranulation and histamine release is of central importance in the pathogenesis of CU. About 40-50% of the patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria demon...
journal_title:Indian journal of dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0019-5154.103061
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A female child developed multiple, progressive, therapy-resistant, painful large ulcers, vesicles, and pustules since her 4 months of age. The ulcers were large, some even measured more than 8 cm; most had violaceous undermined margin with surrounding erythematous halo, raw and crusted surface and were distributed ext...
journal_title:Indian journal of dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0019-5154.92678
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Behçet's disease (BD), first described by Hulusi Behcet, is a multisystemic disease characterized by recurrent oral and genital ulcerations, ocular and cutaneous lesions, arthritis and vascular disease. Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare, chronic, sterile pustular and progressive ulcerative process of unknown cause; ...
journal_title:Indian journal of dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0019-5154.147866
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diffuse neurofibroma is an unusual variant of neurofibroma with the head and neck being the common sites of involvement. It is benign in nature and spreads superficially and has many ectatic blood vessels. Histologically it is similar to conventional neurofibromas except for a few peculiar distinguishing features. We ...
journal_title:Indian journal of dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0019-5154.169128
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:Context:Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is a hereditary androgen-dependent disorder, characterized by gradual conversion of terminal hair into miniaturized hair and defined by various patterns. Common age group affected is between 30 and 50 years. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors that inc...
journal_title:Indian journal of dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/ijd.IJD_526_16
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Warts are sometimes resistant or they tend to recur after every possible destructive therapy. Immunotherapy with skin-test antigens has been used as a viable therapeutic option in such recalcitrant cases. AIM:The aim of the study was to evaluate the response of resistant or recurrent warts to intralesional ...
journal_title:Indian journal of dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0019-5154.117301
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hidradenocarcinomas are very rare malignant sweat gland tumors that possess an infiltrative and/or low metastatic potential. Here we describe an interesting case of hidradenoma on the fronto-parietal region of the scalp of an elderly female, part of which had developed carcinomatous changes, infiltrating up to the per...
journal_title:Indian journal of dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0019-5154.160527
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dermatitis neglecta is a condition that results from inadequate frictional cleansing leading to accumulation of corneocytes, sebum and sweat ultimately resulting in hyper-pigmented patch or verrucous plaque. Recognizing this condition avoids unnecessary, aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Here we report...
journal_title:Indian journal of dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0019-5154.152525
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Psoriasiform dermatoses often pose challenges to both dermatologists and pathologists alike. With proper clinicopathologic correlation and a systematic approach, it is possible to arrive at a specific diagnosis in most cases. This article attempts to outline a practical, step-wise method of looking at these cases and ...
journal_title:Indian journal of dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0019-5154.113945
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::POEMS syndrome, a paraneoplastic disorder, caused by plasma cell dyscrasia, is characterized by polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M-protein, and skin changes. Calciphylaxis is a vasculopathy of subcutaneous arteries with calcification and skin ulceration, most commonly associated with end-stage renal disea...
journal_title:Indian journal of dermatology
pub_type:
doi:10.4103/ijd.IJD_492_18
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 40-year-old lady presented with history of multiple red raised painful lesions over her body of 10 days duration. Lesions spread from forearms to arms and back of trunk during the progress of the disease. Associated pain and burning sensation in the lesions was present while working in the sun. Mild to moderate grad...
journal_title:Indian journal of dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0019-5154.127682
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is an unusual dermatosis occurring following an attack of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). There are only few reports of PKDL after successful treatment with miltefosine. We report two cases of PKDL that developed after successful treatment of VL with miltefosine. ...
journal_title:Indian journal of dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0019-5154.110848
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Dermatology is primarily a non-acute, outpatient-centered clinical specialty, but substantial number of patients need indoor admission for adequate management. Over the years, the need for inpatient facilities in Dermatology has grown manifold; however, these facilities are available only in some tertiary ...
journal_title:Indian journal of dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0019-5154.190104
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 55-year-old woman presented with a 5-year history of livedo racemosa on her limbs. Histology showed vasculitis of medium-sized arteries with a circumferential, hyalinised, intraluminal fibrin ring. Her laboratory investigations did not indicate any underlying systemic disease. The findings were consistent with lymph...
journal_title:Indian journal of dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0019-5154.139907
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Use of immunohistochemical technique is increasing in diagnosing various diseases. In many situations it may not be possible to differentiate entities with overlapping clinical and histopathological features. Immunostaining of cellular antigens is immensely helpful in such cases. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) has also be...
journal_title:Indian journal of dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0019-5154.91818
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Skin tags are common benign skin tumors usually occurring on the neck and major flexors of elder people. AIMS:The aim of this study is to perform quantitation of mast cells and collagen fibers in skin tags and normal skin in diabetics and nondiabetics, to find a possible correlation between mast cells and c...
journal_title:Indian journal of dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0019-5154.57605
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Vitiligo is an acquired pigmentary disorder of the skin. Genetic factors, oxidative stress, autoimmunity, and neurochemical agents might be contributing factors for the development of the disease. AIMS:To evaluate the oxidative stress level and tyrosinase activity in vitiligo patients and to compare them wi...
journal_title:Indian journal of dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0019-5154.60344
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Palisaded encapsulated neuroma (PEN) is an infrequent benign cutaneous neural tumor, which usually presents as solitary, asymptomatic, papule or nodule, often localized on the faces, around the orifices, in middle age with no sex preponderance. Rarely, it can be multiple. Both solitary and multiple lesions are not ass...
journal_title:Indian journal of dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0019-5154.119971
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two adult patients from a village of district Bhilwara, Rajasthan, consulted Skin Department of R. N. T. Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur, with complaints of thickening of the palms and soles and pigmentation of skin with a nonhealing ulcer on the palm. They also had complaints of loss of appetite, abdominal pain...
journal_title:Indian journal of dermatology
pub_type:
doi:10.4103/ijd.IJD_704_16
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder related to defective deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) repair. Various cutaneous manifestations related to ultraviolet (UV) damage characterize the clinical course. Primary malignant cutaneous neoplasms like squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma and m...
journal_title:Indian journal of dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0019-5154.100493
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Primary mucinous adenocarcinoma is a rare adnexal neoplasm of eccrine gland. Fewer than 200 cases are reported in literature. Clinically, it can be mistaken as a benign lesion. The primary challenge in these lesions is to differentiate these rare primary lesions from more frequent mucinous secondary deposits. Morpholo...
journal_title:Indian journal of dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/ijd.IJD_619_16
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 50-year-old woman had suffered from chronic pruritic plaque located on right retroauricular area for around 16 years, which was diagnosed as lichen simplex chronicus. Seventeen years ago, patient had multiple scalded areas distributed throughout the body and underwent autologous skin flap transplantation for the rig...
journal_title:Indian journal of dermatology
pub_type:
doi:10.4103/ijd.IJD_88_19
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seborrheic keratosis of the penis is a rare entity. It has been mistaken as genital warts and differentiation is only made on histopathology. We are reporting a case presenting as multiple giant polypoidal lesions on the penile skin for the last 20 years. Seborrheic keratosis should be considered in the differential d...
journal_title:Indian journal of dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0019-5154.39743
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pemphigus is a chronic, potentially life threatening, autoimmune intraepidermal blistering disease affecting the skin and the mucous membrane. Pemphigus may have profound impact on the quality of life in the affected patients. Counselling and adjuvant psychotherapy may be beneficial at least in few patients and should...
journal_title:Indian journal of dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/ijd.IJD_198_17
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 48-year-old man presented with acute abdominal pain underwent laparotomy that revealed two perforated ulcers in jejunum. He had skin lesions with porcelain white atrophic scar which were ignored for 3 years, whereas the disease revealed own malignant nature and progressed to nervous, gastrointestinal, and cardiopulm...
journal_title:Indian journal of dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0019-5154.87157
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cancer metastases represent the most devastating aspect of malignancy, since the mortality of cancer patients is mainly related to the metastatic behavior of the primary neoplasm. Skin metastases are usually late events in the course of tumor progression. Excluding melanoma, the most common tumor to metastasize to the...
journal_title:Indian journal of dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0019-5154.91838
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report a 60-year-old man who presented with a 2-year history of painless red raised lesions involving the tongue and scrotum. Histopathology was suggestive of angiokeratoma. Oral angiokeratomas are most commonly found as a component of the generalized systemic disorder in Fabry's disease or fucosidosis. Our patient...
journal_title:Indian journal of dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0019-5154.96207
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chloroma, also called granulocytic sarcoma (GS) or Myeloid Sarcoma, is a rare malignant extra-medullary neoplasm of myeloid precursor cells. It is usually associated with myeloproliferative disorders but its appearance may precede the onset of leukaemia. The presence of a chloroma is certainly a sign of poor prognosis...
journal_title:Indian journal of dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0019-5154.105326
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Olmsted syndrome is a very rare and severe cicatrizing keratoderma associated with periorificial lesion. Most cases are sporadic but familial occurrence has been also seen. Till now around 73 cases have been reported and none of the reported cases have 4 siblings affected from this disease. We are reporting cases of 4...
journal_title:Indian journal of dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0019-5154.182467
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00