Abstract:
:Under the assumption of gene-environment independence, unknown/unmeasured environmental factors, irrespective of what they may be, cannot confound the genetic effects. This may lead many people to believe that genetic heterogeneity across different levels of the studied environmental exposure should only mean gene-environment interaction--even though other environmental factors are not adjusted for. However, this is not true if the odds ratio is the effect measure used for quantifying genetic effects. This is because the odds ratio is a "noncollapsible" measure--a marginal odds ratio is not a weighted average of the conditional odds ratios, but instead has a tendency toward the null. In this study, the authors derive formulae for gene-environment interaction bias due to noncollapsibility. They use computer simulation and real data example to show that the bias can be substantial for common diseases. For genetic association study of nonrare diseases, researchers are advised to use collapsible measures, such as risk ratio or peril ratio.
journal_name
Medicine (Baltimore)journal_title
Medicineauthors
Su YS,Lee WCdoi
10.1097/MD.0000000000002743subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-03-01 00:00:00pages
e2743issue
9eissn
0025-7974issn
1536-5964pii
00005792-201603010-00014journal_volume
95pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
MEDICINE文献大全abstract:RATIONALE:Tracheobronchial injury from acid ingestion is a less reported clinical presentation than injury of the gastrointestinal tract, but it can occur due to direct exposure from acid aspiration and cause fatal complications. PATIENT CONCERNS:A 43-year-old man presented to the emergency department after ingesting ...
journal_title:Medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000023586
更新日期:2020-12-11 00:00:00
abstract::Patients with infective endocarditis (IE), have high mortality and morbidity, however, its early diagnosis is difficult. Few studies have examined the delayed diagnosis of IE. We aimed to investigate the factors associated with the diagnostic delay of IE.A retrospective cohort study was conducted for consecutive patie...
journal_title:Medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000021418
更新日期:2020-07-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pneumonia is a common respiratory disease. In severe cases, it can induce cardiovascular disease and even life-threatening. In particular, pneumonia caused by the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that broke out at the end of 2019 has seriously affected the health of people in all countries. In recent years, it h...
journal_title:Medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000022757
更新日期:2020-10-23 00:00:00
abstract::Increased bone turnover and other less frequent comorbidities of hyperthyroidism, such as heart failure, have only rarely been reported in association with central hyperthyroidism due to a thyrotropin (TSH)-secreting pituitary adenoma (TSHoma). Treatment is highly empirical and relies on eliminating the tumor and the ...
journal_title:Medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000002358
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship of bullying with suicidal ideation among adolescents is controversial. Although depression has been related to bullying and suicidal ideation, little is known about the combined impacts of depression and bullying on suicidal ideation.A sample of 20,509 high school students from Fujian Province were se...
journal_title:Medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000002530
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and has been associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with ischemic heart disease. However, the association between GGT and long-term mortality has not been studied in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI)....
journal_title:Medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000011393
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Esophageal cancer is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system with a high incidence and a poor prognosis. At the present, CT-based radiomics is providing more and more valuable information. However, the heterogeneity of the study and the poor repeatability of the texture feature parameters have limited its wid...
journal_title:Medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000021470
更新日期:2020-08-07 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the study was to investigate the risk of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) following end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The study was designed as a retrospective, nationwide, matched cohort study. The subjects were ESRD patients identified by the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Mo...
journal_title:Medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000003474
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To explore that if mid-regional sequence of pro-A-type natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP) may have a good value of diagnosis in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) compared with N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). METHODS:Participants with cardiovascular disease who were e...
journal_title:Medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000012277
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:CyclinD1 (CCND1) is a key cell cycle regulatory protein. A large number of epidemiological studies have assessed the potential correlation between the CCND1 G870A polymorphism and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), but their findings have been inconsistent. To obtain a more precise understanding of the ass...
journal_title:Medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000008269
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The frailty represents a key determinant of elderly clinical assessment, especially because it allows the identification of risk factors potentially modifiable by clinical and therapeutic interventions. The frailty assessment in elderly patients usually is made by using of Fried criteria. However, to assess the frailt...
journal_title:Medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000018501
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE) is a serious well-described pulmonary complication. It occurs after an intense inspiratory effort against an obstructed or closed upper airway and generates a large negative airway pressure, leading to severe pulmonary edema (transvascular fluid filtration and intersti...
journal_title:Medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000013743
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Therapeutic or diagnostic thoracentesis is widely used in different clinical settings. Cardiac injury, a rare complication, could lead to fatal consequences. We describe a case of cardiac tamponade complicating thoracentesis that was recognized and rescued in a timely manner. PATIENT CONCERNS:A 42-year-old w...
journal_title:Medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000019778
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) has gained worldwide popularity as one of the most commonly used minimally invasive management of urinary tract stones. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ESWL for patients with kidney stones (KS). MATERIALS AND METHODS:This pro...
journal_title:Medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000021910
更新日期:2020-09-18 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Priapism is a common urologic emergency, but high-flow penile priapism (HFP) caused by trauma is very rare. Therefore, HFP diagnosis and treatment are still not standardized. PATIENT CONCERNS:A 29-year-old man was admitted to the urology department of our hospital on August 01, 2019, due to "persistent penil...
journal_title:Medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000022618
更新日期:2020-10-09 00:00:00
abstract::There is currently a lack of reliable, reproducible, and easily applied methods for assessing changes in liver histology in patients in the gray zone phase of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Therefore, we aimed to develop a novel predictive scoring system to detect significant liver histological changes in these patients.A...
journal_title:Medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000006465
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The modified Blumgart method for pancreaticojejunostomy has been shown to reduce the rate of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) in open surgery. We describe a modified Blumgart method using LAPRA-TY suture clips to facilitate laparoscopic pancreaticojejunostomy.We prepared a double-armed 4-0 nonabsorbable monofil...
journal_title:Medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000019474
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Current evidence concerning the association between persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is inconsistent. The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the role of POPs in PCOS. METHODS:Databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and C...
journal_title:Medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000016948
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to perform a meta-analysis on the efficacy of ibandronate by evaluating the effect sizes of different dosing regimens.Major electronic databases were searched from 1985 to February 2015. A random effects meta-analysis was performed in STATA.Data from 34 studies (13,639 patients) were incl...
journal_title:Medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000001007
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Systemic Bartonella spp. infections are being increasingly reported in association with complex medical presentations. Individuals with frequent arthropod exposures or animal contact appear to be at risk for acquiring long standing infections with Bartonella spp. CASE REPORT:This case report describes inf...
journal_title:Medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000010465
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pancreatic cancer (PaCa) is one of the most fatal cancers in the world. Although great efforts have made to explore the mechanisms of PaCa oncogenesis, the prognosis of PaCa patients is still unsatisfactory. Thus, it is imperative to further understand the potential carcinogenesis of PaCa and reliable prognostic model...
journal_title:Medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000022092
更新日期:2020-09-11 00:00:00
abstract::Sulphonylureas (SUs) subclasses have different risks of all-cause mortality, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and stroke. Therefore, we assessed these risks in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus administered gliclazide, glimepiride, or metformin monotherapy with retrospective cohort study design. Total 195,235 s...
journal_title:Medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000021236
更新日期:2020-07-17 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Germinomas are sensitive to radiation therapy and chemotherapy; therefore, correct imaging diagnosis is crucial for them. However, the imaging findings of germinomas originating from off-midline regions displayed different patterns from those originating from midline areas. PATIENT CONCERNS:The objective of ...
journal_title:Medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000005543
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the study was to investigate current situation of postoperative pain management in medical institutions in Shandong Province.A questionnaire was developed on the basis of guidelines of acute pain and pain quality assessment scale. The questionnaire was used to obtain information regarding the nature and sca...
journal_title:Medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000002690
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:A characteristic metabolic finding of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE) on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) correlates with morphologic features on CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). PATIENT CONCERNS:A young man from an endemic area was admitted to our hospital due to right...
journal_title:Medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000014561
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::To determine the prognostic role of triglyceride (TG) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) ratio for poorly developed coronary collateral circulation (CCC) in elderly patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and acute total occlusion (ATO).As a retrospective case-control study, elderly...
journal_title:Medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000012587
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Adrenal hepatoid adenocarcinoma typically secretes alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Here, we report a case of non-AFP-producing adrenal hepatoid adenocarcinoma. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was conducted to identify gene mutations. PATIENT CONCERNS:A 64-year-old man presented with mild back pain and unexplained ...
journal_title:Medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000012336
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common enzymatic disorder of red blood cells that cause hemolytic anemia. Some anticancer drugs are reported to trigger oxidative stress; however, events of hemolysis are rarely discussed in patients with G6PD deficiency required oncologic treatm...
journal_title:Medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000014987
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Epileptiform discharges in electroencephalogram (EEG) have been frequently reported in children undergoing sevoflurane mask induction. However, the incidence, characteristics and risk factors of these epileptiform patterns during sevoflurane anesthesia in children are poorly understood. The aim of this study...
journal_title:Medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000017401
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Systemic vasculitis (SV) involving abdominal structures usually has a poor prognosis. Gallbladder vasculitis (GV) has been reported as part of SV (GB-SV) and focal single-organ vasculitis (GB-SOV). We analyzed clinical and histologic characteristics of patients with GV to identify features that differentiate GB-SOV fr...
journal_title:Medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000000205
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00