Abstract：
PURPOSE:To examine the temporal summation of a Goldmann III-sized stimulus under the conditions of standard automated perimetry in healthy participants of varying age. METHODS:Twenty-seven healthy individuals of varying age (24-80 years) were tested. Achromatic contrast thresholds were measured for seven 0.48° diameter (near Goldmann III) spot stimuli of varying presentation duration (1-24 frames, 1.8-191.9 ms) at 8.8° eccentricity in the visual field along the 45°, 135°, 225°, and 315° meridians. All stimuli were displayed on a CRT display with a background set to 10 cd/m2. Iterative two-phase regression analysis was used to estimate the critical duration from each localized temporal summation function. RESULTS:A significant decrease in contrast sensitivity for all stimulus durations examined in this study was observed with increasing age in both the superior and inferior hemifield (P < 0.001). Despite this, no significant change in the critical duration was observed as a function of age in either the superior (r² = 9.1 × 10⁻⁹, P = 0.99) or inferior hemifield (r² = 2.4 × 10⁻⁵, P = 0.98). CONCLUSIONS:Age-related changes in the visual system, although leading to a reduction in contrast sensitivity, are not accompanied by a change in temporal summation for a detection task with an achromatic 0.48° diameter spot stimulus. This is important to know when proceeding to examine temporal summation changes in diseases like glaucoma.
journal_name
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Scijournal_title
Investigative ophthalmology & visual scienceauthors
Mulholland PJ,Redmond T,Garway-Heath DF,Zlatkova MB,Anderson RSdoi
10.1167/iovs.15-16920subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-10-01 00:00:00pages
6467-72issue
11eissn
0146-0404issn
1552-5783pii
2458778journal_volume
56pub_type
杂志文章abstract：Purpose:To define the nature and extent of temporal frequency abnormalities in diabetics who have mild or no nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) by using the flicker electroretinogram (ERG). Methods:Light-adapted flicker ERGs were recorded from 20 diabetics who have no clinically apparent retinopathy, 20 diab...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.18-25199
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To investigate the induction of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) gene expression by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in cultured rat Müller cells and to study the mechanism of the induction. METHODS:Müller cells were obtained from neonatal Sprague-Dawley rat retinas an...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To assess structural, functional, and visual behavioral relationships in mutant rhodopsin transgenic (Tg) rats and to determine whether early optokinetic tracking (OKT) visual experience, known to permanently elevate visual thresholds in normal rats, can enhance vision in rats with photoreceptor degeneration. ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.12-9569
更新日期：2012-09-14 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To determine the effects of enzymes on mammalian vitreous gel and to thus infer the structural roles of hyaluronan and chondroitin sulfate in the gel. METHODS:The wet weights of bovine vitreous gels were compared before and after incubation with Streptomyces hyaluronan lyase, chondroitin ABC lyase, testicular ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To determine whether vascular tone of isolated porcine retinal veins can be modulated by tissue-generated vasoactive factors such as endothelin-1 and adenosine. Such information may be useful in understanding the role of the retinal veins in regulating blood flow, and also provide a model for investigating new ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.15-18358
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The goal of this study was to functionally evaluate three previously uncharacterized heat shock factor protein 4 (HSF4) mutations (c.595_599delGGGCC, c.1213C>T, c.1327+4A>G) encoding mutant HSF4 proteins (G199EfsX15, R405X, and M419GfsX29) with missing C-terminal ends. These HSF4 mutations were previously ident...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.13-12283
更新日期：2013-10-11 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Mutations in the mitochondrial dynamin-related GTPase OPA1 cause autosomal dominant optic atrophy (ADOA), but the pathophysiology of this disease is unknown. As a first step in functional studies, this study was conducted to evaluate the expression of Opa1 in whole retina and in isolated retinal ganglion cells ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.03-1407
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This study describes the effects of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) pathway on the tight junctional barrier of the corneal endothelium, which plays a critical role in maintaining the corneal stroma in an underhydrated, transparent state. METHODS:Subcultured bovine corneal endothelial cells grown on f...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To examine the rate of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) changes in nonoptic neuritis (NON) eyes of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients, and to find a specific imaging parameter useful for identifying disease progression. METHODS:Forty-five consecutive RR...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.15-19047
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The fibrotic lens disorder posterior capsule opacification (PCO) develops in millions of patients following cataract surgery. PCO characteristics are extensive extracellular matrix (ECM) production and contraction of the posterior lens capsule, resulting in light-scattering ECM modification (wrinkling). The pro...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.12-9457
更新日期：2012-06-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous investigations have shown that corneal epithelium, migrating to cover a wound, synthesizes protein and glycoprotein at a faster rate than does normal stratified epithelium. The authors have found that the maximal rate of synthesis, as indicated by the incorporation of leucine and glucosamine, occurs 16 hr aft...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Extraocular muscle represents a distinctive class among mammalian skeletal musculature in exhibiting the full range of muscle fiber type variability found in vertebrate species. To better understand the basis for the unique structural/functional diversity of extraocular muscle, the ontogeny of lateral rectus muscles w...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The authors recently showed that the retinal circulation can be accessed by transfemoral endovascular catheterization. The purpose of this study was to examine whether endovascular coiling can be used to induce different degrees of ischemic injury. The possibility of creating occlusions at different sites in th...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.11-7628
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To visualize changes in deep optic nerve head (ONH) structures following glaucoma surgery using (3-dimensional [3D]) swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and to determine the clinical and structural factors associated with postoperative lamina cribrosa (LC) and prelaminar neural tissue (PLT) chang...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.13-11897
更新日期：2014-01-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Visual fixation of a small, stationary target was measured in 12 young observers (mean age = 22 yr) and in 12 older observers (mean age = 70 yr). The two groups' fixation behavior did not differ on various dimensions of fixation stability: mean fixation area, intra-subject variability, or changes in fixation over succ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The purpose of the present study was to examine the roles of signaling pathways potentially activated by TGFbeta (i.e., Smad and p38 mitogen-activated kinase [MAPK]) in regulation of cell migration and proliferation of healing mouse corneal epithelium. METHODS:Activation of Smads or p38MAPK was evaluated by im...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.03-0700
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To examine the cross-sectional relationship between blood pressure, perfusion pressure, and prevalence of open angle glaucoma (OAG) in an adult Latino population. METHODS:Participants aged 40 years and older (N = 6130) from the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study (LALES), a large, population-based study of self-ident...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.08-2956
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Age and advanced disease in the fellow eye are the two most important risk factors for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In this study, the authors investigated the relationship between these variables and the optical density of macular pigment (MP) in a group of subjects from a northern European populati...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:To improve the transparency of the acellular dermal matrix (ADM) and investigate the optical, mechanical and histologic properties and biocompatibility of transparent ADM (TADM) in lamellar keratoplasty. Methods:A stepwise sectioning strategy was applied to determine the transparency distribution of the ADM, a...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.61.1.5
更新日期：2020-01-23 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To evaluate the efficacy of coulomb-controlled iontophoresis (CCI) for delivery of riboflavin prior to corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL). METHODS:The eyes of 20 8-week-old Lewis rats, subject to epithelium-ON (epi-ON, n = 20 eyes) or epithelium-OFF (epi-OFF, n = 20 eyes) conditions, were used to evaluate th...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.14-13931
更新日期：2014-04-28 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:The trabecular meshwork (TM) has an important role in the regulation of aqueous humor outflow and IOP. Regulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by TGFβ2 has been studied extensively. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI) has been shown to inhibit or modulate TGFβ2 sig...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.17-23282
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To characterize retinal functional consequences of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in a rat model of experimental glaucoma. METHODS:Unilateral elevation of IOP was produced by hypertonic saline injection into an episcleral vein in 20 adult male Brown-Norway rats. IOP was measured in both eyes of awake anim...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.03-1411
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To study binding of retinoids to human tear lipocalin (TL) to assess factors influencing ligand affinity and delivery. Mechanistic features of retinoid interactions with TL were investigated, including the influence of the retinoid functional group on ligand affinity, the relative affinity of retinol versus fat...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Five immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory agents were tested for their effects on development of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) and immune responses to S-antigen in rats immunized with this retinal antigen. When administered daily from day 0-14 after immunization, cyclosporine at 5-20 mg/Kg was nontoxi...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To evaluate the feasibility of near-infrared (NIR) imaging acquisition in a large sample of consecutive pediatric patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), to evaluate the diagnostic performance of NF1-related choroidal abnormalities as a diagnostic criterion of the disease, and to compare this criterion wi...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.14-16053
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:By their control of membrane potential and intracellular free Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](i)), K(+) currents are pivotal in the regulation of arterial smooth muscle tone. The goal of the present study was to identify and characterize the A-type K(+) current in retinal microvascular smooth muscle (MVSM) and to examine its ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.04-1465
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To increase knowledge of the biochemical composition of lenticular exfoliation material (XFM) by using proteomic approaches. METHODS:Anterior lens capsules from patients with and without exfoliation syndrome (XFS) were homogenized in formic acid and subjected to cyanogen bromide (CNBr) cleavage, and the patter...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.06-0411
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pattern reversal visual evoked response (VER) was recorded under conditions of artificially unbalanced visual input between two eyes, an aniseikonia induced by size lenses that alter the perceived retinal image size without changing refraction. At 3.0% aniseikonia binocular summation started to decrease, and at 5....
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To investigate, using multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) and optical coherence tomography (OCT), potential spatial associations between local neuroretinal function and local retinal thickness in patients with diabetes. METHODS:Forty-five patients without retinopathy (10 with Type 1 diabetes; 35 with Type 2...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.12-10293
更新日期：2012-09-12 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:To investigate the effect of the vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) inhibitor RTU-1096 on retinal morphologic changes and ocular inflammation after retinal laser photocoagulation in mice. Methods:C57BL/6JJcl mice were fed a diet containing RTU-1096, a specific inhibitor for VAP-1, or a control diet ad libitum...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.17-21555
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
