Abstract:
:We report the first case of severe pneumonia due to co-infection with the emerging avian influenza A (H5N1) virus subclade 2.3.2.1 and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The patient was a returning traveller who had visited a poultry market in South China. We then review the epidemiology, virology, interspecies barrier limiting poultry-to-human transmission, clinical manifestation, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and control measures of H5N1 clades that can be transmitted to humans. The recent controversy regarding the experiments involving aerosol transmission of recombinant H5N1 virus between ferrets is discussed. We also review the relative contribution of the poor response to antiviral treatment and the virus-induced hyperinflammatory damage to the pathogenesis and the high mortality of this infection. The factors related to the host, virus or medical intervention leading to the difference in disease mortality of different countries remain unknown. Because most developing countries have difficulty in instituting effective biosecurity measures, poultry vaccination becomes an important control measure. The rapid evolution of the virus would adversely affect the efficacy of poultry vaccination unless a correctly matched vaccine was chosen, manufactured and administered in a timely manner. Vigilant surveillance must continue to allow better preparedness for another poultry or human pandemic due to new viral mutants.
journal_name
Emerg Microbes Infectjournal_title
Emerging microbes & infectionsauthors
To KK,Ng KH,Que TL,Chan JM,Tsang KY,Tsang AK,Chen H,Yuen KYdoi
10.1038/emi.2012.24subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-09-01 00:00:00pages
e25issue
9issn
2222-1751journal_volume
1pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Influenza viruses of the H4 subtype are widespread in wild birds, circulate in domestic poultry, readily infect mammals, and tolerate the insertion of a polybasic cleavage site. In addition, serological evidence suggests that humans working with poultry are exposed to these viruses. While H4 viruses are not of immedia...
journal_title:Emerging microbes & infections
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/22221751.2018.1564369
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing K. pneumoniae (KPC-KP) have disseminated worldwide and emerged as major threats to public health. Of epidemiological significance, the international pandemic of KPC-KP is primarily associated with CG258 isolates and blaKPC-IncF plasmids. CRISPR-Cas system is an adapt...
journal_title:Emerging microbes & infections
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更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 78-year-old woman with a long-term ankle spacer with antibacterials developed an intra-articular Candida auris infection. Treatment with systemic antifungal therapy plus an amphotericin B moulded cement spacer was successful. ...
journal_title:Emerging microbes & infections
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doi:10.1080/22221751.2019.1625287
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Saffold virus (SAFV), a newly discovered human cardiovirus of the Picornaviridae family, causes widespread infection among children, as shown by previous seroprevalence studies. To determine the host cell range of SAFV and its cytopathogenicity, eight mammalian cell lines that were available in the laboratory were scr...
journal_title:Emerging microbes & infections
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/emi.2014.15
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Whooping cough, caused by Bordetella pertussis, has resurged and presents a global health burden worldwide. B. pertussis strains unable to produce the acellular pertussis vaccine component pertactin (Prn), have been emerging and in some countries represent up to 95% of recent clinical isolates. Knowledge on the effect...
journal_title:Emerging microbes & infections
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41426-018-0039-8
更新日期:2018-03-21 00:00:00
abstract::The recently emerged novel coronavirus, "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)", caused a highly contagious disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The virus was first reported from Wuhan city in China in December, 2019, which in less than three months spread throughout the globe and...
journal_title:Emerging microbes & infections
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/22221751.2020.1775132
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) can cause a wide range of symptoms from asymptomatic carriage, mild diarrhea to bloody diarrhea (BD) and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Intimin, encoded by the eae gene, also plays a critical role in STEC pathogenesis. Herein, we investigated the prevalence and gen...
journal_title:Emerging microbes & infections
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/22221751.2020.1850182
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) is a member of the Picornaviridae family and causes mild and self-limiting hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in infants and young children. CA16 infection can also progress to central nervous system (CNS) complications; however, the underlying mechanism by which CA16 penetrates the blood-b...
journal_title:Emerging microbes & infections
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41426-018-0157-3
更新日期:2018-09-19 00:00:00
abstract::Human enterovirus 68 (EV-D68) is a rarely reported virus that has been linked to respiratory disease. In recent years, reports about EV-D68 infection have markedly increased worldwide. However, the epidemiological features of this emerging infection are not well understood. To evaluate the emerging EV-D68 epidemic, we...
journal_title:Emerging microbes & infections
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/emi.2017.14
更新日期:2017-05-10 00:00:00
abstract::Babesiosis is a tick-transmitted intraerythrocytic zoonosis. In Korea, the first mortalities were reported in 2005 due to Babesia sp. detection in sheep; herein we report epidemiological and genetic characteristics of a second case of babesiosis. Microscopic analysis of patient blood revealed polymorphic merozoites. T...
journal_title:Emerging microbes & infections
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/22221751.2019.1622997
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent canine influenza outbreaks have raised concerns about the generation of pathogenic variants that may pose a threat to public health. Here, we examine avian-like H3N2 canine influenza viruses (CIVs) isolated from 2009 to 2013 in South Korea from dogs. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these viruses are closely...
journal_title:Emerging microbes & infections
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41426-017-0013-x
更新日期:2018-03-07 00:00:00
abstract::Pigs play an important role in interspecies transmission of the influenza virus, particularly as "mixing vessels" for reassortment. Two influenza A/H1N1 virus strains, A/swine/Siberia/1sw/2016 and A/swine/Siberia/4sw/2017, were isolated during a surveillance of pigs from private farms in Russia from 2016 to 2017. Ther...
journal_title:Emerging microbes & infections
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/22221751.2019.1673136
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serology is a crucial part of the public health response to the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Here, we describe the development, validation and clinical evaluation of a protein micro-array as a quantitative multiplex immunoassay that can identify S and N-directed SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies with high specificity and sens...
journal_title:Emerging microbes & infections
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/22221751.2020.1813636
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) has been classified into three subtypes, namely the European (Eu-TBEV), Far Eastern (FE-TBEV), and Siberian (Sib-TBEV). In this study, we discovered a new subtype of TBEV in wild rodent Marmota himalayana in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China, proposed as subtype Himalayan (Him-TBEV). ...
journal_title:Emerging microbes & infections
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41426-018-0081-6
更新日期:2018-04-25 00:00:00
abstract::The three unprecedented outbreaks of emerging human coronavirus (HCoV) infections at the beginning of the twenty-first century have highlighted the necessity for readily available, accurate and fast diagnostic testing methods. The laboratory diagnostic methods for human coronavirus infections have evolved substantiall...
journal_title:Emerging microbes & infections
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/22221751.2020.1745095
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::West Nile virus (WNV) is an arthropod-borne flavivirus of high medical and veterinary importance. The main vectors for WNV are mosquito species of the Culex genus that transmit WNV among birds, and occasionally to humans and horses, which are 'dead-end' hosts. Recently, several studies have been published that aimed t...
journal_title:Emerging microbes & infections
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/emi.2017.82
更新日期:2017-11-08 00:00:00
abstract::Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in a pandemic and is continuing to spread rapidly around the globe. No effective vaccine is currently available to prevent COVID-19, and intense efforts are being invested worldwide into vaccine development. In this context, all technolo...
journal_title:Emerging microbes & infections
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/22221751.2020.1791737
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Little is known about the processes that enable influenza A viruses to jump into new host species. Here we show that the non-structural protein1 nucleotide substitution, A374G, encoding the D125G(GAT→GGT) mutation, which evolved during the adaptation of a human virus within a mouse host, activates a novel donor splice...
journal_title:Emerging microbes & infections
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/emi.2012.38
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Unlike those infected by H5N1, birds infected by the newly discovered H7N9 virus have no observable clinical symptoms. Public health workers in China do not know where the public health threat lies. In this study, we used a distributed focused crawler to analyze online knowledge of the live bird trade in first-wave pr...
journal_title:Emerging microbes & infections
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/emi.2013.91
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Avian influenza A(H7N9) virus (A(H7N9)) emerged in February 2013. Liver impairment of unknown cause is present in 29% of patients with A(H7N9) infection, some of whom experience severe liver injury. Hypoxic hepatitis (HH) is a type of acute severe liver injury characterized by an abrupt, massive increase in serum amin...
journal_title:Emerging microbes & infections
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/emi.2016.1
更新日期:2016-01-06 00:00:00
abstract::Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), which currently constitute the main class of biotherapeutics, are now recognized as major medical tools that are increasingly being considered to fight severe viral infections. Indeed, the number of antiviral mAbs developed in recent years has grown exponentially. Although their direct ef...
journal_title:Emerging microbes & infections
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/emi.2016.97
更新日期:2016-08-17 00:00:00
abstract::Babesiosis is a tick-borne, zoonotic disease caused by Babesia spp. Two cases of babesiosis were detected by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in Yunnan province, China, and further confirmed by molecular assay. The blood smears showed intraerythrocytic ring form and tetrads typical of small B. microti. In both c...
journal_title:Emerging microbes & infections
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/emi.2014.55
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In March 2013, a patient infected with a novel avian influenza A H7N9 virus was reported in China. Since then, there have been 458 confirmed infection cases and 177 deaths. The virus contains several human-adapted markers, indicating that H7N9 has pandemic potential. The outbreak of this new influenza virus highlighte...
journal_title:Emerging microbes & infections
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/emi.2015.22
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Zika virus (ZIKV) has become a threat to global health since the outbreak in Brazil in 2015. Although ZIKV is generally considered an Aedes-transmitted pathogen, new evidence has shown that parts of the virus closely resemble Culex-transmitted viruses. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the competence of Culex spe...
journal_title:Emerging microbes & infections
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/emi.2016.102
更新日期:2016-09-07 00:00:00
abstract::From September 2015 to March 2016, hepatitis A notifications in Germany increased by 45% to 699 cases compared to 482 cases in the same period of the previous year. Children aged five to nine years were predominantly affected (22% of all cases in this period). We hypothesized that this increase could be explained by t...
journal_title:Emerging microbes & infections
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/emi.2017.11
更新日期:2017-04-26 00:00:00
abstract::After three decades of intensive research efforts, an effective vaccine against HIV-1 remains to be developed. Several broadly neutralizing antibodies to HIV-1, such as 10E8, recognize the membrane proximal external region (MPER) of the HIV-1 gp41 protein. Thus, the MPER is considered to be a very important target for...
journal_title:Emerging microbes & infections
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/emi.2016.86
更新日期:2016-06-22 00:00:00
abstract::Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with droplets and contact as the main means of transmission. Since the first case appeared in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, the outbreak has gradually spread nationwide. Up to now, acco...
journal_title:Emerging microbes & infections
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/22221751.2020.1746199
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::GRP78/BiP is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone protein with the important function of maintaining ER homeostasis, and the overexpression of GRP78/BiP alleviates ER stress. Our previous studies showed that infection with enterovirus 71 (EV71), a (+)RNA picornavirus, induced GRP78/BiP upregulation; however, ectopi...
journal_title:Emerging microbes & infections
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/emi.2016.20
更新日期:2016-03-23 00:00:00
abstract::Histoplasmosis caused by the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum is often lethal in patients with AIDS. Urine antigen testing is highly sensitive and much quicker for diagnosis than culture. Histoplasmosis has a patchy and incompletely appreciated distribution around the world especially in South East Asia. We conducted a s...
journal_title:Emerging microbes & infections
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/22221751.2019.1644539
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pyrazinamide (PZA) is a key antibiotic in current anti-tuberculosis regimens. Although the WHO has stressed the urgent need to obtain data on PZA resistance, in high tuberculosis burden countries, little is known about the level of PZA resistance, the genetic basis of such resistance or its link with Mycobacterium tub...
journal_title:Emerging microbes & infections
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/emi.2017.73
更新日期:2017-10-11 00:00:00