The fossil record of phenotypic integration and modularity: A deep-time perspective on developmental and evolutionary dynamics.

abstract：:The affinity and stoichiometry of DNA binding by Escherichia coli trp repressor were studied by electrophoresis in nondenaturing gels. The ability of trp repressor to retard the electrophoretic mobility of an operator DNA fragment depends on the pH of the gel system. Above the pI of the protein, little retardation of ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Carey J

更新日期：1988-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fatty acid transport protein 4 (FATP4), a transmembrane protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), is a recently identified negative regulator of the ER-associated retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)65 isomerase necessary for recycling 11-cis-retinal, the light-sensitive chromophore of both rod and cone opsin visual pigm...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Li S,Gordon WC,Bazan NG,Jin M

更新日期：2020-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Natively unfolded proteins play key roles in normal and pathological biochemical processes. Despite their importance for function, this category of proteins remains beyond the reach of classical structural biology because of their inherent conformational heterogeneity. We present a description of the intrinsic conform...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bernadó P,Blanchard L,Timmins P,Marion D,Ruigrok RW,Blackledge M

更新日期：2005-11-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic drug used to treat a variety of cancers. Both intrinsic and acquired resistance to cisplatin, as well as toxicity, limit its effectiveness. Molecular mechanisms that underlie cisplatin resistance are poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that deletion of the yeast CTR1 gene, which enco...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ishida S,Lee J,Thiele DJ,Herskowitz I

更新日期：2002-10-29 00:00:00

abstract：:A parathyroid hormone-like peptide (PTH-LP) has recently been identified in human tumors associated with the syndrome of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. The peptide appears to be encoded by a single-copy gene that gives rise to multiple mRNAs that are heterogeneous at both their 5' and their 3' ends. Alternative ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mangin M,Ikeda K,Dreyer BE,Broadus AE

更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) is one of a class of lymphocyte-derived mediator substances (lymphokines) which plays a role in the mechanism of cellular immunity. A variety of other soluble factors produced by non-lymphoid cells have been shown to have effects on macrophage mobility similar to that of MI...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yoshida T,Bigazzi P,Cohen S

更新日期：1975-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Specific protein domains and amino acids responsible for the apparent capacity of P-glycoprotein (mdr) to recognize and transport a large group of structurally unrelated drugs have not been identified. We have introduced a single Ser----Phe substitution within the predicted TM11 domain of mdr1 (position 941) and mdr3 ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gros P,Dhir R,Croop J,Talbot F

更新日期：1991-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In earlier studies it was shown that the mammalian translation system is highly organized in vivo and that the intermediates in the process, aminoacyl-tRNAs, are channeled--i.e., they are directly transferred from the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases to the elongation factor to the ribosomes without dissociating into the ce...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Stapulionis R,Deutscher MP

更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cells of the craniofacial skeleton are derived from a common mesenchymal progenitor. The regulatory factors that control their differentiation into various cell lineages are unknown. To investigate the biological function of dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), an extracellular matrix gene involved in calcified tissue form...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Narayanan K,Srinivas R,Ramachandran A,Hao J,Quinn B,George A

更新日期：2001-04-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Crystals of magnetite (Fe(3)O(4)) and periclase (MgO) in Fe-Mg-Ca carbonate in the Martian meteorite Allan Hills 84001 were studied by using transmission electron microscopy to understand their origin and evaluate claims that the magnetites were made by Martian microorganisms. In magnesian carbonate, periclase occurs ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Barber DJ,Scott ER

更新日期：2002-05-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypomagnesemia affects insulin resistance and is a risk factor for diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the epithelial magnesium channel TRPM6 (V(1393)I, K(1584)E) were predicted to confer susceptibility for DM2. Here, we show using patch...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nair AV,Hocher B,Verkaart S,van Zeeland F,Pfab T,Slowinski T,Chen YP,Schlingmann KP,Schaller A,Gallati S,Bindels RJ,Konrad M,Hoenderop JG

更新日期：2012-07-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The synthesis of a photosensitive blocking group for the carboxyl function of neurotransmitters, in this case glycine, is reported. The compound, 2-methoxy-5-nitrophenyl glycine ester (caged glycine), is photolyzed by a laser pulse at 308 or 337 nm within 3 microseconds and with a product quantum yield of 0.2. The com...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ramesh D,Wieboldt R,Niu L,Carpenter BK,Hess GP

更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies by several investigators have shown that 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) is an extraordinarily potent stimulator of differentiation of cultured human promyelocytic leukemia cells in vitro. In the present study, TPA was administered to humans by i.v. infusion without irreversible toxicity, and it was...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Han ZT,Zhu XX,Yang RY,Sun JZ,Tian GF,Liu XJ,Cao GS,Newmark HL,Conney AH,Chang RL

更新日期：1998-04-28 00:00:00

abstract：:New neurons are generated in adult mammalians and may contribute to repairing the brain after injury. Here, we show that the number of new neurons in the dentate gyrus of adult rats increased in cerebral ischemic stroke and correlated with activation of the cAMP-response-element-binding protein (CREB). Inhibition of e...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhu DY,Lau L,Liu SH,Wei JS,Lu YM

更新日期：2004-06-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) code encrypted within the Y1S2P3T4S5P6S7 heptad repeats of RNA polymerase II (Pol2) is deeply rooted in eukaryal biology. Key steps to deciphering the code are identifying the events in gene expression that are governed by individual "letters" and then defining a vocabulary of multile...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sanchez AM,Shuman S,Schwer B

更新日期：2018-11-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase involved in development and human disease, including cancer. It is currently thought that the four-point one, ezrin, radixin, moesin (FERM)-kinase domain linker, which contains autophosphorylation site tyrosine (Y) 397, is not required for in vivo FAK functi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Heim JB,Squirewell EJ,Neu A,Zocher G,Sominidi-Damodaran S,Wyles SP,Nikolova E,Behrendt N,Saunte DM,Lock-Andersen J,Gaonkar KS,Yan H,Sarkaria JN,Krendel M,van Deursen J,Sprangers R,Stehle T,Böttcher RT,Lee JH,Ordog T

更新日期：2017-04-11 00:00:00

abstract：:We describe and test a Markov chain model of microsatellite evolution that can explain the different distributions of microsatellite lengths across different organisms and repeat motifs. Two key features of this model are the dependence of mutation rates on microsatellite length and a mutation process that includes bo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kruglyak S,Durrett RT,Schug MD,Aquadro CF

更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:By using a systematic genetic approach, the resonances in the 19F NMR spectrum of 3-fluorotyrosine-substituted lac repressor protein have been assigned. The NMR data indicate that each monomer of the repressor consists of two distinct and independent domains. One domain, the NH2-terminal sixth of the primary sequence,...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jarema MA,Lu P,Miller JH

更新日期：1981-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Morphogenesis often yields organs with robust size and shapes, whereas cell growth and deformation feature significant spatiotemporal variability. Here, we investigate whether tissue responses to mechanical signals contribute to resolve this apparent paradox. We built a model of growing tissue made of fiber-like mater...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fruleux A,Boudaoud A

更新日期：2019-02-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Antigen.antibody complexes (Ag.Ab) prepared from (125)I-labeled bovine serum albumin and guinea pig anti-albumin were incubated at 37 degrees C for 30 min with normal human serum diluted optimally for binding (1:16) and then with autologous erythrocytes (RBC). After washing, RBC-bearing antigen.antibody.complement com...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Medof ME,Prince GM,Mold C

更新日期：1982-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Disulfide bond formation is catalyzed in the periplasm of Escherichia coli. This process involves at least two proteins: DsbA and DsbB. Recent evidence suggests that DsbA, a soluble periplasmic protein directly catalyzes disulfide bond formation in proteins, whereas DsbB, an inner membrane protein, is involved in the ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Guilhot C,Jander G,Martin NL,Beckwith J

更新日期：1995-10-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The Max gene encodes a protein that interacts specifically with the Myc protein to form a heterodimer with high affinity for the specific cognate DNA binding site of Myc. Here we examine the expression of Max RNA in comparison to Myc RNA during cell growth and differentiation. Two species of RNA, a major 2.0- and a mi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wagner AJ,Le Beau MM,Diaz MO,Hay N

更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glucocorticoids are commonly used antiinflammatory agents whose use is limited by side effects. We have developed a series of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) ligands that retain the strong antiinflammatory activity of conventional glucocorticoids with reduced side effects. We present a compound, LGD5552, that binds the r...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Miner JN,Ardecky B,Benbatoul K,Griffiths K,Larson CJ,Mais DE,Marschke K,Rosen J,Vajda E,Zhi L,Negro-Vilar A

更新日期：2007-12-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The configuration of the heme-carbonyl group upon binding of carbon monoxide to sperm whale myoglobin (Mb) in crystals is evaluated on the basis of infrared spectroscopic methods. Multiplets of the totally symmetric C-O stretching mode are observed for the heme-bound ligand near 1933, 1944, and 1967 cm-1, correspondin...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Makinen MW,Houtchens RA,Caughey WS

更新日期：1979-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To investigate the mechanisms of asbestos-induced carcinogenesis, expression of c-fos and c-jun protooncogenes was examined in rat pleural mesothelial cells and hamster tracheal epithelial cells after exposure to crocidolite or chrysotile asbestos. In contrast to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, which induces rapid an...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Heintz NH,Janssen YM,Mossman BT

更新日期：1993-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) are important physiological means to regulate the activities and structures of central regulatory proteins in health and disease. Small GTPases have been recognized as important molecules that are targeted by PTMs during infections of mammalian cells by bacterial pathogens. The e...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Barthelmes K,Ramcke E,Kang HS,Sattler M,Itzen A

更新日期：2020-03-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) is an important cellular effector whose functions include the regulation of ion channels and membrane trafficking. Aberrant PIP2 metabolism has also been implicated in a variety of human disease states, e.g., cancer and diabetes. Here we report that familial Alzheimer's dis...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Landman N,Jeong SY,Shin SY,Voronov SV,Serban G,Kang MS,Park MK,Di Paolo G,Chung S,Kim TW

更新日期：2006-12-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Glutaredoxins (GRXs), also known as thioltransferases, use glutathione as a cofactor for reduction of disulfides in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. We demonstrate that the vaccinia virus O2L open reading frame encodes a functional GRX, as predicted by Johnson et al. [Johnson, G. P., Goebel, S. J., Perkus, M. E., Davis, S....

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ahn BY,Moss B

更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A synchronized heart beat is controlled by pacemaking impulses conducted through Purkinje fibers. In chicks, these impulse-conducting cells are recruited during embryogenesis from myocytes in direct association with developing coronary arteries. In culture, the vascular cytokine endothelin converts embryonic myocytes ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hyer J,Johansen M,Prasad A,Wessels A,Kirby ML,Gourdie RG,Mikawa T

更新日期：1999-11-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Maintaining a fleet of buses to transport students to school is a major expense for school districts. To reduce costs by reusing buses between schools, many districts spread start times across the morning. However, assigning each school a time involves estimating the impact on transportation costs and reconciling addi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bertsimas D,Delarue A,Martin S

更新日期：2019-03-26 00:00:00