TLR3 signaling in macrophages is indispensable for the protective immunity of invariant natural killer T cells against enterovirus 71 infection.

abstract：:The recent origin and great evolutionary potential of HIV imply that the virulence of the virus might still be changing, which could greatly affect the future of the pandemic. However, previous studies of time trends of HIV virulence have yielded conflicting results. Here we used an established methodology to assess t...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Müller V,Maggiolo F,Suter F,Ladisa N,De Luca A,Antinori A,Sighinolfi L,Quiros-Roldan E,Carosi G,Torti C

更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To cause infections microbes need to evade host defense systems, one of these being the evolutionarily old and important arm of innate immunity, the alternative pathway of complement. It can attack all kinds of targets and is tightly controlled in plasma and on host cells by plasma complement regulator factor H (FH). ...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Meri T,Amdahl H,Lehtinen MJ,Hyvärinen S,McDowell JV,Bhattacharjee A,Meri S,Marconi R,Goldman A,Jokiranta TS

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Plasmodium falciparum malaria kills over 500,000 children every year and has been a scourge of humans for millennia. Owing to the co-evolution of humans and P. falciparum parasites, the human genome is imprinted with polymorphisms that not only confer innate resistance to falciparum malaria, but also cause hemoglobino...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Taylor SM,Cerami C,Fairhurst RM

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The wide utilization of biocides poses a concern on the impact of these compounds on natural bacterial populations. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that biocides can select, at least in laboratory experiments, antibiotic resistant bacteria. This situation has raised concerns, not just on scientists and clinician...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Hernández A,Ruiz FM,Romero A,Martínez JL

更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The type III secretion system is an essential component for virulence in many Gram-negative bacteria. Though components of the secretion system apparatus are conserved, its substrates--effector proteins--are not. We have used a novel computational approach to confidently identify new secreted effectors by integrating ...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Samudrala R,Heffron F,McDermott JE

更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cardioviruses, including encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) and the human Saffold virus, are small non-enveloped viruses belonging to the Picornaviridae, a large family of positive-sense RNA [(+)RNA] viruses. All (+)RNA viruses remodel intracellular membranes into unique structures for viral genome replication. Accumul...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Dorobantu CM,Albulescu L,Harak C,Feng Q,van Kampen M,Strating JR,Gorbalenya AE,Lohmann V,van der Schaar HM,van Kuppeveld FJ

更新日期：2015-09-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The essential transactivator function of the HIV Tat protein is regulated by multiple posttranslational modifications. Although individual modifications are well characterized, their crosstalk and dynamics of occurrence during the HIV transcription cycle remain unclear.We examine interactions between two critical modi...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Sakane N,Kwon HS,Pagans S,Kaehlcke K,Mizusawa Y,Kamada M,Lassen KG,Chan J,Greene WC,Schnoelzer M,Ott M

更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ribonuclease L (RNase L) is an important effector of the innate antiviral response. Mutations or variants that impair function of RNase L, particularly R462Q, have been proposed as susceptibility factors for prostate cancer. Given the role of this gene in viral defense, we sought to explore the possibility that a vira...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Urisman A,Molinaro RJ,Fischer N,Plummer SJ,Casey G,Klein EA,Malathi K,Magi-Galluzzi C,Tubbs RR,Ganem D,Silverman RH,DeRisi JL

更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Epigenetic mechanisms and chromatin structure play an important role in development. Their impact is therefore expected to be strong in parasites with complex life cycles and multiple, strikingly different, developmental stages, i.e. developmental plasticity. Some studies have already described how the chromatin struc...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Roquis D,Taudt A,Geyer KK,Padalino G,Hoffmann KF,Holroyd N,Berriman M,Aliaga B,Chaparro C,Grunau C,Augusto RC

更新日期：2018-05-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The ~9.5 kilobase HIV-1 genome contains RNA sequences and structures that control many aspects of viral replication, including transcription, splicing, nuclear export, translation, packaging and reverse transcription. Nonetheless, chemical probing and other approaches suggest that the HIV-1 genome may contain many mor...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Takata MA,Soll SJ,Emery A,Blanco-Melo D,Swanstrom R,Bieniasz PD

更新日期：2018-01-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Autophagy is a cellular process that is highly conserved among eukaryotes and permits the degradation of cellular material. Autophagy is involved in multiple survival-promoting processes. It not only facilitates the maintenance of cell homeostasis by degrading long-lived proteins and damaged organelles, but it also pl...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Besteiro S,Brooks CF,Striepen B,Dubremetz JF

更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Various bacterial toxins circumvent host defenses through overproduction of cAMP. In a previous study, we showed that edema factor (EF), an adenylate cyclase from Bacillus anthracis, disrupts endocytic recycling mediated by the small GTPase Rab11. As a result, cargo proteins such as cadherins fail to reach inter-cellu...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Guichard A,Jain P,Moayeri M,Schwartz R,Chin S,Zhu L,Cruz-Moreno B,Liu JZ,Aguilar B,Hollands A,Leppla SH,Nizet V,Bier E

更新日期：2017-09-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Members of the TRIpartite interaction Motif (TRIM) family of E3 ligases have been shown to exhibit antiviral activities. Here we report a near comprehensive screen for antiretroviral activities of 55 TRIM proteins (36 human, 19 mouse). We identified approximately 20 TRIM proteins that, when transiently expressed in HE...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Uchil PD,Quinlan BD,Chan WT,Luna JM,Mothes W

更新日期：2008-02-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of Legionnaires' disease, invades and replicates within macrophages and protozoan cells inside a vacuole. The type IVB Icm/Dot secretion system is necessary for the translocation of effector proteins that modulate vesicle trafficking pathways in the host cell, thus avoiding ...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Franco IS,Shohdy N,Shuman HA

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Eradication of tuberculosis (TB), the world's leading cause of death due to infectious disease, requires a highly efficacious TB vaccine. Many TB vaccine candidates are in pre-clinical and clinical development but only a few can be advanced to large-scale efficacy trials due to limited global resources. We aimed to pe...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Rodo MJ,Rozot V,Nemes E,Dintwe O,Hatherill M,Little F,Scriba TJ

更新日期：2019-03-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Tax protein hijacks the host ubiquitin machinery to activate IκB kinases (IKKs) and NF-κB and promote cell survival; however, the key ubiquitinated factors downstream of Tax involved in cell transformation are unknown. Using mass spectrometry, we undertook an unbiased pr...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Choi YB,Harhaj EW

更新日期：2014-10-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Unlike the pandemic form of HIV-1 (group M), group O viruses are endemic in west central Africa, especially in Cameroon. However, little is known about group O's genetic evolution, and why this highly divergent lineage has not become pandemic. Using a unique and large set of group O sequences from samples collected fr...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Leoz M,Feyertag F,Kfutwah A,Mauclère P,Lachenal G,Damond F,De Oliveira F,Lemée V,Simon F,Robertson DL,Plantier JC

更新日期：2015-08-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatitis C virus (HCV) induces interferon (IFN) stimulated genes in the liver despite of distinct innate immune evasion mechanisms, suggesting that beyond HCV infected cells other cell types contribute to innate immune activation. Upon coculture with HCV replicating cells, human CD141+ myeloid dendritic cells (DC) pr...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Pfaender S,Grabski E,Detje CN,Riebesehl N,Lienenklaus S,Steinmann E,Kalinke U,Pietschmann T

更新日期：2016-07-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The influenza A virus (IAV) HA protein must be activated by host cells proteases in order to prime the molecule for fusion. Consequently, the availability of activating proteases and the susceptibility of HA to protease activity represents key factors in facilitating virus infection. As such, understanding the intrica...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Galloway SE,Reed ML,Russell CJ,Steinhauer DA

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The host's immune system plays a key role in modulating growth of pathogens and the intestinal microbiota in the gut. In particular, inflammatory bowel disorders and pathogen infections induce shifts of the resident commensal microbiota which can result in overgrowth of Enterobacteriaceae ("inflammation-inflicted bloo...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Nedialkova LP,Denzler R,Koeppel MB,Diehl M,Ring D,Wille T,Gerlach RG,Stecher B

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Beyond their canonical roles in hemostasis and thrombosis, platelets function in the innate immune response by interacting directly with pathogens and by regulating the recruitment and activation of immune effector cells. Thrombocytopenia often coincides with neutropenia in patients with hematologic malignancies and i...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Tischler BY,Tosini NL,Cramer RA,Hohl TM

更新日期：2020-05-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Entamoeba histolytica transmembrane kinases (EhTMKs) can be grouped into six distinct families on the basis of motifs and sequences. Analysis of the E. histolytica genome revealed the presence of 35 EhTMKB1 members on the basis of sequence identity (>or=95%). Only six homologs were full length containing an extracellu...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Shrimal S,Bhattacharya S,Bhattacharya A

更新日期：2010-06-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatitis B virus (HBV) core protein (HBc) contains an N-terminal domain (NTD, assembly domain) and a C-terminal domain (CTD), which are linked by a flexible linker region. HBc plays multiple essential roles in viral replication, including capsid assembly, packaging of the viral pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) into nucleocapsi...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Liu K,Luckenbaugh L,Ning X,Xi J,Hu J

更新日期：2018-05-21 00:00:00

abstract：:In prion diseases, synapse dysfunction, axon retraction and loss of neuronal polarity precede neuronal death. The mechanisms driving such polarization defects, however, remain unclear. Here, we examined the contribution of RhoA-associated coiled-coil containing kinases (ROCK), key players in neuritogenesis, to prion d...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Alleaume-Butaux A,Nicot S,Pietri M,Baudry A,Dakowski C,Tixador P,Ardila-Osorio H,Haeberlé AM,Bailly Y,Peyrin JM,Launay JM,Kellermann O,Schneider B

更新日期：2015-08-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Our skin is our first line of defense against environmental and pathogenic challenges. It is densely populated by a flora of bacteria, fungi, and viruses that normally interact with each other and with our immune system to promote skin health and homeostasis. Staphylococcus epidermidis is one of the most abundant bact...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Brown MM,Horswill AR

更新日期：2020-11-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Dengue virus (DENV) is an enveloped RNA virus that causes the most common arthropod-borne infection worldwide. The mechanism by which DENV infects the host cell remains unclear. In this work, we used live-cell imaging and single-virus tracking to investigate the cell entry, endocytic trafficking, and fusion behavior o...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： van der Schaar HM,Rust MJ,Chen C,van der Ende-Metselaar H,Wilschut J,Zhuang X,Smit JM

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pathogen access to host nutrients in infected tissues is fundamental for pathogen growth and virulence, disease progression, and infection control. However, our understanding of this crucial process is still rather limited because of experimental and conceptual challenges. Here, we used proteomics, microbial genetics,...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Steeb B,Claudi B,Burton NA,Tienz P,Schmidt A,Farhan H,Mazé A,Bumann D

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:RNA silencing is an evolutionarily conserved sequence-specific gene-inactivation system that also functions as an antiviral mechanism in higher plants and insects. To overcome antiviral RNA silencing, viruses express silencing-suppressor proteins. These viral proteins can target one or more key points in the silencing...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Giner A,Lakatos L,García-Chapa M,López-Moya JJ,Burgyán J

更新日期：2010-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The heterosexual risk group has become the largest HIV infected group in the United Kingdom during the last 10 years, but little is known of the network structure and dynamics of viral transmission in this group. The overwhelming majority of UK heterosexual infections are of non-B HIV subtypes, indicating viruses orig...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Hughes GJ,Fearnhill E,Dunn D,Lycett SJ,Rambaut A,Leigh Brown AJ,UK HIV Drug Resistance Collaboration.

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability of pathogens to escape the host's immune response is crucial for the establishment of persistent infections and can influence virulence. Recombination has been observed to contribute to this process by generating novel genetic variants. Although distinctive recombination patterns have been described in man...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Simon-Loriere E,Galetto R,Hamoudi M,Archer J,Lefeuvre P,Martin DP,Robertson DL,Negroni M

更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00